胶团强化超滤处理水中阿特拉津的研究

采用胶团强化超滤去除水中阿特拉津。考察了表面活性剂SDBS、pH值、操作压力、操作时间以及温度对阿特拉津去除效果的影响。结果表明,胶团强化超滤法能有效去除水中阿特拉津,最佳工艺条件为:采用分子量为5000 Dalton的聚砜中空纤维膜、SDBS浓度为8.00 mmol/L、压力为0.15 MPa、pH值为10、温度为25℃。在此条件下,初始浓度为10 mg/L的阿特拉津去除率为84.7%。     

水泥窑协同处理危险弃废物的应用

危险废物对生态环境和人类健康构成严重的危害。水泥窑协同处理危险废物能同时实现减量化、无害化以及资源化,是最有效的处理危险废物的方法。大连东泰产业废弃物处理有限公司利用水泥窑协同处理危险废物,实现废物处置与水泥生产的优化组合。     

Catalytic oxidation of benzene over nanostructured porous Co3O4-CeO2 composite catalysts

The three-dimensional structured Co₃O₄-CeO₂ oxides with Co/Ce molar ratio 16:1 gave the highest catalytic activity, which provided more surface hydroxyl groups and more surface oxygenated species.     

铜冶炼场地周边土壤重金属污染特征与风险评价

铜冶炼生产活动会造成周边土壤重金属污染,威胁公众健康.通过收集整理已发表文献数据,从整体上研究了国内外40个铜冶炼场地周边不同土地利用类型土壤重金属的累积特征、分布规律以及健康风险.结果表明,铜冶炼场地周边土壤重金属ω(As)、ω(Cd)、ω(Cu)、ω(Pb)和ω(Zn)平均值分别为196、10.5、1 948、604和853 mg·kg^-1,地累积指数(I_geo)依次为：Cd(5.63)>Cu(3.88)>As(2.96)>Pb(2.30)>Zn(1.27),Cd和Cu累积最严重.土壤重金属内梅罗指数(NIPI)高值主要出现在冶炼历史长、工艺落后和环保措施不足的场地.土壤重金属含量之间呈现显著相关性,随着采样半径增加而降低,主要累积在冶炼场地周边2～3 km内.相对于冶炼历史、规模和工艺,土地利用类型对土壤重金属含量影响较小.铜冶炼场地周边土壤重金属普遍存在致癌风险与非致癌风险,其中冶炼生产区As和Pb,林地Pb的健康风险较高.研究结果可以指导冶炼场地周边土壤重金属污染风险防控工作.     

长株潭地区土壤Cd和Pb固液分配特征与环境风险

区域尺度上土壤重金属下渗迁移的环境风险存在较大空间变异性.以长株潭城市及其周边土壤为对象,研究了不同土地利用类型,土壤Cd和Pb有效态含量和固液分配系数(K_d)的分布特征及其影响因素,并基于CaCl₂(固液比为1∶0.5)测定的K_d揭示了研究区土壤重金属下渗迁移的环境风险.结果表明,研究区土壤Cd和Pb有效态含量大小呈现出：自然林地>郊区农田>城市绿地>工业区绿地.土壤Cd的K_d均值为449.79 L·kg^-1,Pb的K_d均值为27 604.07 L·kg^-1,说明土壤Cd迁移性显著高于Pb.林地土壤重金属的K_d显著低于其它3种土地利用类型土壤.土壤Cd和Pb的K_d主要受土壤pH和重金属总量的影响.在此基础上,引入CaCl₂(固液比为1∶10)测定的重金属有效态含量作为因变量,构建的多元回归模型可以较好地预测土壤Cd和Pb的K_d,...     

Microorganisms and physico-chemical properties of soils with different slope-protecting vegetation in Daguang Highway北大核心CSCD

In order to investigate the effect of different slope-protecting vegetation on soil restoration in the highways, we collected soils at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm from areas planted with Amorpha fruticosa, Periploca sepium, and Paederia scandens for 6-7 years in the Daming road section of the Daguang Highway, in October 2016. The physico-chemical properties and microbial community of the soils were then analyzed. The soil microbial community was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The correlation between the microbial community and the physico-chemical properties of the soils was determined by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that (1) the physico-chemical properties were the best for soils with Paederia scandens; the nutrient content, water holding capacity, and porosity of the soils with the three types of slope-protecting vegetation were better in the 0-10 cm layer than in the other layers; (2) the contents of soil aggregates (diameter > 5 mm) were the highest in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers for the soil with Paederia scandens; (3) the dominant bacteria in the 0-10 cm layer and dominant fungi in the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm layers were higher in the soils with Pe. sepium and Pa. scandens than in the soil with A. fruticosa; and (4) results of RDA showed that the physical properties of the soils were the main factors that influenced the soil microbial community. The physical properties of the soils were sensitive to the change of soil quality. Soil quality can be improved by appropriate management measures, such as burying litter, which can subsequently improve the ecological environment of soils in sloping regions. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Effects of selenium on activity of glutathione peroxidase and expression of selenium metabolism-related genes in Brassica

Inorganic selenium (Se) is absorbed and enriched by plants and converted into a stable and nutritionally important organic form, which subsequently when consumed by humans or animals results in increased Se tissue levels. Brassica is one of the most potent Se-enriched plants. The aim of this study was to compare differences in Se enrichment between two predominant Brassica plants namely Brassica rapa Linn L. and Brassica tumida Tsenet Lee L. on Se metabolic parameters. Plants exposed to soil Se levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5 or 5?mg/kg) were examined on the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Se levels and expression of Se metabolism related genes using soil pots. Data showed that activities of GSH-Px in leaf and root of the two Brassica species were significantly increased in the presence of Se at 2.5?mg/kg. Se concentrations of leaf, stem and root in B. tumida Tsenet Lee L. and B. rapa Linn L. rose from 0.31 to 21.84-fold (leaf), 1.15 to 15.16-fold (stem) and 2.11 to 15.26-fold (root) in the presence of metal in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest expression levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ATP sulfurylase (APS), selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT), serine acetyltransferase (SAT), cysteine desulfurase (CysD) and S-adenosyl-l-Met:l-Met S-methyltransferase (MMT) in leaf of B. rapa Linn L. were found at 1?mg/kg Se. The highest expression levels of ATP, APS, SMT, SAT, CysD and MMT in leaf of B. tumida Tsenet Lee L. were observed at 2.5?mg/kg Se. The Se concentrations in leaf, stem and root of B. rapa Linn L. were higher than in B. tumida Tsenet Lee L. under the same soil Se level conditions. At the same Se level, differences in the expression of Se-related genes were observed between these two Brassica species. Our observations may be used to optimize the utilization of Brassica as a nutritional source of Se by growing this plant under certain soil conditions.     

城市垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融DSC-DTA实验研究

利用高温DSC-DTA热分析仪对国内外2种城市垃圾焚烧飞灰在惰性气氛(N2)和氧化气氛(O₂)下的熔融特性进行了研究.在20℃～1450℃的温度范围内采用3种温升速率进行实验.飞灰熔融过程包含多晶转变和熔融相变2种反应,多晶转变发生在480℃～670℃范围内,吸热量20kJ/kg;熔融约发生在1136℃～1231℃,在1174℃达到峰值,熔融相变潜热约700 KJ/kg,整个过程总吸热量约1800 kJ/kg.研究了CaO添加剂对飞灰熔融的影响.最后提出飞灰熔融吸热量的预测模型,模型     

无机离子对左旋葡聚糖光降解的影响

左旋葡聚糖(LG)被广泛作为生物质燃烧的示踪剂.然而,近年来研究表明左旋葡聚糖在大气中不稳定而会发生光降解.此外,对于大气中含量较高的SO₄^2-、NO₃-、NO₂-无机离子对LG光解的影响罕有报到.为此,本文模拟了液相中SO₄^2-、NO₃-、NO₂-对LG光氧化行为的影响.结果表明,Na2SO₄、NaNO₃、NaNO₂条件下LG光解速率常数分别为0.208、0.182、0.165 min^-1,均低于对照组(0.266 min-1),这表明无机离子的存在会减缓LG光降解速率.此外,这3种无机离子对LG光解产物中的低分子脂肪酸分布,甲酸/乙酸(C1/C2)比率均有重要的影响.其中,SO₄^2-存在下产物中戊二酸较多、NO₃-存在下产物中甲酸较多、NO₂-存在下产物中乙酸较多;NO₂-存在下产物中的C1/C2比率小于1与一般二次源中的C1/C2比率不一致,这表明由单一反应引起的C1/C2并不总是大于1.这些结果对于我们深刻理解大气液相中的有机物转化具有重要的参考价值.     

福州大气污染对太阳辐射等要素的影响

福州大气污染对太阳辐射等要素的影响陈千盛（福建省气候中心，福州３５０００１）池艳珍（福建省气象局）关键词太阳总辐射；散射辐射；能见度混浊度因子．建国以来，福州由于市区范围不断扩大及工业发展，人口和车辆与日俱增，空中尘埃量随之增多，空气日益恶浊．这种状...