全文获取类型
收费全文 | 665篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 15篇 |
废物处理 | 34篇 |
环保管理 | 68篇 |
综合类 | 108篇 |
基础理论 | 133篇 |
污染及防治 | 225篇 |
评价与监测 | 52篇 |
社会与环境 | 43篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 38篇 |
2013年 | 60篇 |
2012年 | 32篇 |
2011年 | 53篇 |
2010年 | 33篇 |
2009年 | 29篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 41篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1947年 | 1篇 |
1942年 | 2篇 |
1941年 | 2篇 |
1932年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有679条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
571.
The monitoring of chemical properties, including heavy metals, in soils is necessary if better management and remediation practices are to be established for polluted soils. The National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology initiated a monitoring study that investigated fertility and heavy metal contents of the benchmarked soils. The study covered paddy soils, upland soils, and horticultural soils in the plastic film houses, and orchard soils throughout the Korea from 1990 to 1998. Likewise,4047 samples of paddy and 2534 samples of plastic house in 1999 and 2000 were analyzed through the Soil Environment Conservation Act. Soil chemical properties such as pH, organic matter, availablephosphate and extractable calcium, magnesium and potassium contents, and heavy metal contentssuch as cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, and cobalt contents were analyzed. The studyshowed that the average contents of organic matter, available phosphate, and extractable potassiumrapidly increased in plastic house soils than in upland or paddy soils. Two kinds of fertilizer recommendation systems were established for the study: the standard levels by national soil average data for 77 crops and the recommendation by soil test for 70 crops. Standard nitrogen fertilizer application levels for cereal crops changed from 94 kg/ha in 1960s, 99 kg/ha in 1970s, 110 kg/ha in 1980s to 90 kg/ha in 1990s. The K2O-fertilizer also changed from 67 kg/ha in 1960s, 76 kg/ha in 1970s, 92 kg/ha in 1980s, andonly 44 kg/ha in 1990s. In rice paddy fields, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in surface soils(0–15 cm depth) were 0.11 mg kg–1(ranged from 0 to 1.01), 4.70 mg kg–1(0–41.59), 4.84 mg kg–1(0–66.44), and 4.47 mg kg–1(0–96.70), respectively. In the uplands, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn,and As in surface soils (0–15 cm depth) were 0.135 mg kg–1(ranged from 0 to 0.660), 2.77 mg kg–1(0.07–78.24), 3.47 mg kg–1(0–43.00), 10.70 mg kg–1(0.30–65.10), and 0.57 mg kg–1(0.21–2.90), respectively. In plastic film houses, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in surface soil were 0.12 mg kg–1(ranging from 0 to 1.28), 4.82 mg kg–1(0–46.50), 2.68 mg kg–1(0–46.50), 31.19 mg kg–1(0.19–252.0), and 0.36 mg kg–1(0–4.98), respectively. In orchard fields, the averagecontents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Hg in surface soils (0–20 cm depth) were 0.11 mg kg–1(ranged from 0–0.49), 3.62 mg kg–1(0.03–45.30), 2.30 mg kg–1(0–27.80), 16.60 mg kg–1(0.33–105.50),0.44 mg kg–1(0–4.14), and 0.05 mg kg–1(0.01–0.54), respectively. For polluted soils with over thewarning content levels of heavy metals, fine red earth application, land reconsolidation and soilamelioration such as lime, phosphate, organic manure, and submerging were recommended. For the countermeasure areas, cultivation of non-edible crops such as garden trees, flowers, and fiber crops; landreformation; and heavy application of finered earth (up to 30 cm) were strongly recommended. Landuse techniques should be changed to beharmonious with the environment to increase yield andincome. Soil function characteristics should betaken into account. 相似文献
572.
The diet of white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis breeding at the Crozet Archipelago (southern Indian Ocean) was studied using two complementary methods: lipid analysis of
stomach oils as trophic markers together with the conventional dietary approach (i.e., stomach content analysis). Objectives
were (1) to investigate the adult diet when they feed for themselves by analyzing stomach oil lipids, and (2) to compare the
lipid signature of chick and adult oils. Stomach oils mainly consisted of triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerol-ethers (DAGE)
and wax esters (WE) (66, 14 and 11%, respectively). The dietary origin of TAG and WE was evaluated by linear discriminant
analyses with fatty acid and fatty alcohol fractions. Analyses evidenced that stomach oils did not originate from Antarctic
krill, but instead from myctophid fish, thus demonstrating the importance of mesopelagic fish in the nutrition of adult petrels.
This result was consistent with the identification of digested remains of myctophids recovered from adult stomach contents
after long foraging trips. Large amounts of a rare lipid class, DAGE (up to 76% of total lipids), were identified in two stomach
oils, together with fresh remains of the squid Gonatus antarcticus (99% by mass), suggesting that DAGE could have the potential to be trophic markers of cephalopods. Moreover, six oils probably
originated from Patagonian toothfish, thus confirming strong interactions between white-chinned petrels and fisheries. Comparison
between chick and adult stomach oils indicated no major differences in their biochemical composition suggesting an identical
dietary origin of oils, mainly myctophids. Both adult and chick oils can therefore be used to determine the feeding ecology
of adult birds when they feed far away from their breeding grounds. Finally, food analysis of chick samples and adult samples
collected after short and long trips indicated different foraging grounds during the two kinds of trips, and also between
long trips performed in subtropical and Antarctic waters. 相似文献
573.
The effect of cadmium on antioxidant responses and the susceptibility to oxidative stress in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rui Company Angela Serafim Richard Cosson Lionel Camus Bruce Shillito Aline Fiala-Médioni Maria João Bebianno 《Marine Biology》2006,148(4):817-825
Hydrothermal vents are a unique environment of extreme physical–chemical characteristics and biological species composition.
Cd is a toxic non-essential metal present in high concentrations in the hydrothermal vent environment, contrary to those found
in marine coastal areas. Cd toxicity has been related, among other things, with reactive oxygen species production, even though
this is a non-redox metal. Bathymodiolus azoricus is a deep-sea Mytilid bivalve very common in the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) hydrothermal vent fields and very little is known
about the antioxidant defence system in this specie. Because lethal Cd concentration in B. azoricus is unknown, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of a Cd concentration higher than that found in the hydrothermal
vents on oxidative stress biomarkers, such as antioxidant enzymes. Mussels were exposed to 100 μg l−1 Cd during 24, 48 and 144 h, respectively, in a pressurized aquarium (IPOCAMP). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),
glutathione peroxidases (GPx), total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC), metallothionein (MT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)
were measured in the gills and mantle of B. azoricus. The results indicate that gills are first affected by Cd toxicity. This may be due to different physiological functions
of the tissues and by the presence of thio and methanotrophic symbiotic bacteria in the gills. The SOD and CAT are inhibited
during the first day of exposure in the gills, although TOSC and MT concentrations were the same in control and exposed mussels.
In the mantle, enzymatic activation only occurred after 6 days, and no significant differences in MT concentrations were found
in the control and exposed mussels during the first day, as observed in the gills. 相似文献
574.
In order to evaluate the stress effects of flumioxazin (fmx) on grapevine, a non-target plant (Vitis vinifera L.), physiological parameters such as carbohydrate content, water status or nitrogenous metabolites were investigated on fruiting cuttings and plants grown in vineyard. In the leaves of cuttings, the soil-applied herbicide induced stress manifestations including a decrease of the dry weight percentage and the soluble carbohydrate content during the first week after treatment. Thereafter, a decrease of the osmotic potential was observed, as well as a decrease of total protein content and a parallel accumulation of free amino acids, including proline. Altogether, these results suggest that soil-applied fmx induced a stress in grapevines, leading to leaf proteolysis. However, this stress was partially recovered 3 weeks after herbicide application, suggesting that the cuttings were capable to adapt to the fmx exposure. In the vineyard, the flumioxazin effects were still significant 5 months after the treatment, particularly in the CH cv. They included a decrease of the leaf dry weight percentage and soluble carbohydrate content, as well as an increase of the osmotic potential. The decrease of leaf soluble carbohydrates may have dramatic consequences for the berry growth and the reserve constitution. Moreover, treated plants were characterized by a decrease of the free amino acid content and an accumulation of ammonium, while the protein level did not significantly increase, suggesting a degradation of amino acids. The alteration of carbon and nitrogen status after herbicide treatment may affect the grapevine vigour in a long term. 相似文献
575.
The Ostwald solubility coefficient, L of 17 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the gas phase into water and dilute aqueous ammonia solutions was determined by the equilibrium partitioning in closed system-solid phase micro extraction (EPICS-SPME) method at 303 K and at 0-2.5 mol dm(-3) ammonia concentrations. Ammonia increased the solubility of all VOCs nearly linearly, but to a different extent. The difference in the solubility values in aqueous ammonia solutions (Lmix) compared to pure water (L) is explained on the basis of a Linear Solvation Energy Relationship (LSER) equation made applicable for solvent mixtures, logLmix - logL = x((sNH3 - sH2O)pi2H + (aNH3 - aH2O)Sigma2H + (bNH3 - bH2O)Sigmabeta2H + (vNH3 - VH2O)Vx). sNH3 - sH2O, aNH3 - aH2O, bNH3 - bH2O, vNH3 - vH2O are the differences of solvent parameters, x is the mole fraction, pi2H is the solute dipolarity-polarizability, Sigmaalpha2H is the effective hydrogen bond acidity of the solute, Sigmabeta2H is the effective hydrogen bond basicity of the solute and Vx, the McGowan characteristic volume. The most significant term was v, the phase hydrophobicity. The solubility behavior was explained by the change in structure of the aqueous solution: the presence of ammonia reduces the cavity effect. These findings show that the presence of compounds such as ammonia, frequently observed in environmental waters, especially wastewaters, affect the fugacity of VOCs, having consequences for the environmental partitioning of VOCs and having technical consequences towards wastewater treatment technologies. 相似文献
576.
Copper adsorption by vineyard soils of the Geneva canton was evaluated by batch equilibration experiments in a pH range from 4 to 6. The adsorption curves fit significantly to Freundlich function log q = n log C + log Kf, where q is adsorbed Cu concentration on the solid phase and C is solution Cu concentration at the end of the equilibration time. Moreover, we found that Freundlich parameters n and log Kf are moderately correlated to pH, yielding the following equations: log Kf = 0.23 pH + 0.51 (R
2 0.59) and n = –0.12 pH + 1.06 (R
2 0.59). Such equations may be useful to predict Cu mobility for risk assessment studies. 相似文献
577.
The Environmental Auditing Roundtable (EAR) is the single largest professional organization in the world, representing over 900 members. Built on a tradition of promoting environmental auditing through openly sharing experiences in the field of safety, health, and environmental auditing, the organization in recent years has significantly expanded its influence on auditing practices both nationally and internationally by monitoring audit activities and participating in the development of audit policy, regulation, standardization, and the certification of environmental auditors. This article describes the origin and evolution of the organization from meeting the needs of the membership to addressing the needs of external national and international stakeholders. 相似文献
578.
Use of avian and mammalian guilds as indicators of cumulative impacts in riparian-wetland areas 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A new method of assessing cumulative effects of human activities on bird and mammal communities of riparian-wetland areas
was developed by using response guilds to reflect how species theoretically respond to habitat disturbance on a landscape
level. All bird and mammal species of Pennsylvania were assigned values for each response guild using documented information
for each species, to reflect their sensitivity to disturbances; high guild scores corresponded to low tolerance toward habitat
disturbance. We hypothesized that, given limited time and resources, determining how wildife communities change in response
to environmental impacts can be done more efficiently with a response-guild approach than a single-species approach. To test
the model, censuses of birds and mammals were conducted along wetland and riparian areas of a protected and a disturbed watershed
in central Pennsylvania. The percent of bird species with high response-guild scores (i.e., species that had specific habitat
requirements and/or were neotropical migrants) remained relatively stable through the protected watershed. As intensity of
habitat alteration increased through the disturbed watershed, percentage of bird species with high response-guild scores decreased.
Only 2%–3% of the neotropical migrants that had specific habitat requirements were breeding residents in disturbed habitats
as compared to 17%–20% in reference areas. Species in the edge and exotic guild classifications (low guild scores) were found
in greater percentages in the disturbed watershed. Composition of mammalian guilds showed no consistent pattern associated
with habitat disturbance. Avian response guilds reflected habitat disturbance more predictively than mammalian response guilds. 相似文献
579.
Christopher L. Lant Jo Beth Mullens 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(3):453-460
ABSTRACT: Accurate valuation of recreational lakes and rivers in contingent valuation (CV) studies requires that the definition of the environmental good being sold meets the requirements of correspondence, proximity, and familiarity. The concept of ‘water quality’ normally used fails to meet these requirements. This paper offers a broader concept of “lake/river quality” - a collection of physical, ecological, and aesthetic characteristics that create the opportunity for recreation, scenic enjoyment, and fish and wildlife propagation - that better describes the characteristics that recreationists value in lakes and rivers. The concept therefore better meets CV requirements and should be the basis for defining environmental improvements and declines to be hypothetically sold in CV surveys. 相似文献