全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4830篇 |
免费 | 99篇 |
国内免费 | 76篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 229篇 |
废物处理 | 235篇 |
环保管理 | 1290篇 |
综合类 | 416篇 |
基础理论 | 1104篇 |
环境理论 | 5篇 |
污染及防治 | 1168篇 |
评价与监测 | 333篇 |
社会与环境 | 176篇 |
灾害及防治 | 49篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 23篇 |
2022年 | 22篇 |
2021年 | 48篇 |
2020年 | 32篇 |
2019年 | 63篇 |
2018年 | 73篇 |
2017年 | 90篇 |
2016年 | 116篇 |
2015年 | 112篇 |
2014年 | 109篇 |
2013年 | 551篇 |
2012年 | 176篇 |
2011年 | 247篇 |
2010年 | 201篇 |
2009年 | 195篇 |
2008年 | 264篇 |
2007年 | 260篇 |
2006年 | 237篇 |
2005年 | 167篇 |
2004年 | 185篇 |
2003年 | 194篇 |
2002年 | 166篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 109篇 |
1999年 | 97篇 |
1998年 | 75篇 |
1997年 | 66篇 |
1996年 | 75篇 |
1995年 | 74篇 |
1994年 | 62篇 |
1993年 | 66篇 |
1992年 | 73篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1988年 | 34篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 44篇 |
1985年 | 42篇 |
1984年 | 45篇 |
1983年 | 52篇 |
1982年 | 40篇 |
1981年 | 57篇 |
1980年 | 45篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1971年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有5005条查询结果,搜索用时 551 毫秒
781.
Ping Luo Alejandro Ro Karen Tiede Katie Privett Jiachao Jiang John Pinkstone Guibin M Jonathan Veinot Alisatair Boxall 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(2):62-71
Novel applications of nanotechnology may lead to the release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), which result in concerns over their potential environmental hazardous impact. It is essential for the research workers to be able to quantitatively characterise ENPs in the environment and subsequently to assist the risk assessment of the ENPs. This study hence explored the application of nanoparticle tracking system (NTA) to quantitatively describe the behaviour of the ENPs in natural sediment-water systems. The NTA allows the measurement of both particle number concentration (PNC) and particle size distribution (PSD) of the ENPs. The developed NTA method was applied to a range of gold and magnetite ENPs with a selection of surface properties. The results showed that the positively-charged ENPs interacted more strongly with the sediment than neutral and negatively-charged ENPs. It was also found that the citrate coated Au ENPs had a higher distribution percentage (53%) than 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid coated Au ENPs (20%) and citrate coated magnetite ENPs (21%). The principles of the electrostatic interactions between hard (and soft) acids and bases (HSAB) are used to explain such behaviours; the hard base coating (i.e. citrate ions) will interact more strongly with hard acid (i.e. magnetite) than soft acid (i.e. gold). The results indicate that NTA is a complementary method to existing approaches to characterise the fate and behaviour of ENPs in natural sediment. 相似文献
782.
Runmiao Xue Ariel Donovan Haiting Zhang Yinfa M Craig Adams John Yang Bin Hu Enos Inniss Todd Eichholz Honglan Shi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(2):82-91
When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products(DBPs) may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these DBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment processes.The test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon(PAC) sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. During alum coagulation, more than67% ammonia and 70%–100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite(except 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole(DMAI) and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine(DMAP)). PAC effectively removed DMAI and DMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors(dimethylamine(DMA), ethylmethylamine(EMA), diethylamine(DEA), dipropylamine(DPA), trimethylamine(TMA), DMAP, and DMAI) during the alum coagulation process. 相似文献
783.
Jialin Li Meigen Zhang Guiqian Tang Fangkun Wu Leonardo M.A. Alvarado Mihalis Vrekoussis Andreas Richter John P. Burrows 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(9):108-118
Currently, modeling studies tend to significantly underestimate observed space-based glyoxal(CHOCHO) vertical column densities(VCDs), implying the existence of missing sources of glyoxal. Several recent studies suggest that the emissions of aromatic compounds and molar yields of glyoxal in the chemical mechanisms may both be underestimated, which can affect the simulated glyoxal concentrations. In this study, the influences of these two factors on glyoxal amounts over China were investigated using the RAMS-CMAQ modeling system for January and July 2014. Four sensitivity simulations were performed, and the results were compared to satellite observations. These results demonstrated significant impacts on glyoxal concentrations from these two factors.In case 1, where the emissions of aromatic compounds were increased three-fold,improvements to glyoxal VCDs were seen in high anthropogenic emissions regions. In case 2, where molar yields of glyoxal from isoprene were increased five-fold, the resulted concentrations in July were 3–5-fold higher, achieving closer agreement between the modeled and measured glyoxal VCDs. The combined changes from both cases 1 and 2 were applied in case 3, and the model succeeded in further reducing the underestimations of glyoxal VCDs. However, the results over most of the regions with pronounced anthropogenic emissions were still underestimated. So the molar yields of glyoxal from anthropogenic precursors were considered in case 4. With these additional mole yield changes(a two-fold increase), the improved concentrations agreed better with the measurements in regions of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River in January but not in July. 相似文献
784.
Volker B. Deecke Lance G. Barrett-Lennard Paul Spong John K. B. Ford 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(5):513-518
A few species of mammals produce group-specific vocalisations that are passed on by learning, but the function of learned vocal variation remains poorly understood. Resident killer whales live in stable matrilineal groups with repertoires of seven to 17 stereotyped call types. Some types are shared among matrilines, but their structure typically shows matriline-specific differences. Our objective was to analyse calls of nine killer whale matrilines in British Columbia to test whether call similarity primarily reflects social or genetic relationships. Recordings were made in 1985–1995 in the presence of focal matrilines that were either alone or with groups with non-overlapping repertoires. We used neural network discrimination performance to measure the similarity of call types produced by different matrilines and determined matriline association rates from 757 encounters with one or more focal matrilines. Relatedness was measured by comparing variation at 11 microsatellite loci for the oldest female in each group. Call similarity was positively correlated with association rates for two of the three call types analysed. Similarity of the N4 call type was also correlated with matriarch relatedness. No relationship between relatedness and association frequency was detected. These results show that call structure reflects relatedness and social affiliation, but not because related groups spend more time together. Instead, call structure appears to play a role in kin recognition and shapes the association behaviour of killer whale groups. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that increasing social complexity plays a role in the evolution of learned vocalisations in some mammalian species. 相似文献
785.
Gaoxiang Ying John J. Sansalone 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(1):35-46
This study investigated the particulate matter (PM) and metals in highway dry deposition and rainfall-runoff as a function
of hydrologic transport and settling on an event basis. Events were differentiated as mass-limited (ML) and flow-limited (FL).
Results indicate that unique and separate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) relationships with turbidity occurred for
ML and FL events. Sixty minutes of quiescent settling produced a single SSC-turbidity relationship for all events. ML events
transport higher proportions of settleable and sediment PM while FL events transported relatively higher suspended PM. For
batch clarification with one hour of settling, ML events had generally higher treatment efficiencies compared to FL events
for the same settling conditions. Highway dry deposition PM was hetero-disperse and coarse (d
50 m = 304 μm). Results indicate that the acidic rainfall is not a significant contributor to metals in runoff but is capable
of leaching metals from dry deposition PM into runoff. Partitioning in retained runoff resulted in a particulate-bound predominance
for most metals except Ca and Mg. While the finer fraction of dry deposition PM (< 75 μm) generates the highest metal concentrations,
the highest metal mass is associated with the coarser fraction (> 75 μm). 相似文献
786.
787.
Changes in functional structure of soil bacterial communities due to fungicide and insecticide applications in canola 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Newton Z. Lupwayi K. Neil Harker Lloyd M. Dosdall T. Kelly Turkington Robert E. Blackshaw John T. ODonovan Hctor A. Crcamo Jennifer K. Otani George W. Clayton 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,130(3-4):109-114
The fungicide vinclozolin and insecticide λ-cyhalothrin are widely used to control canola (Brassica spp.) diseases and insect pests, respectively, in Canada. We investigated non-target effects of these pesticides, applied at recommended rates, on soil microbial biomass, functional bacterial diversity and functional community structure of soil bacteria (by evaluating patterns of C substrate utilization) in canola rhizosphere and bulk soil at three locations in Alberta from 2002 to 2004. Experimental treatments were (a) untreated control, (b) vinclozolin fungicide foliar application, (c) λ-cyhalothrin insecticide foliar application, and (d) vinclozolin and λ-cyhalothrin applications. No significant pesticide effects on soil microbial biomass or functional bacterial diversity were observed, but the functional structures of soil bacteria were altered. In 1 of 12 cases, the control treatment had a different soil bacterial community structure from the 3 pesticide treatments. The fungicide treatment had different bacterial community structures from the control or insecticide treatments in 3 of 12 cases, the insecticide treatment had different community structures from the control or fungicide treatments in 4 of 12 cases, and the combined fungicide and insecticide treatment had different community structures from the other treatments in 3 of 12 cases. Therefore, evaluating soil bacterial functional structures revealed pesticide effects that were not detected when bacterial diversity or microbial biomass were measured in canola rhizosphere or bulk soil. 相似文献
788.
Evans Obura Charles A. O. Midega Daniel Masiga John A. Pickett Mohamed Hassan Shinsaku Koji Zeyaur R. Khan 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(10):1169-1176
Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is the most important fodder crop in smallholder dairy production systems in East Africa, characterized by small zero-grazing units. It is also an important trap crop used in the management of cereal stemborers in maize in the region. However, production of Napier grass in the region is severely constrained by Napier stunt disease. The etiology of the disease is known to be a phytoplasma, 16SrXI strain. However, the putative insect vector was yet unknown. We sampled and identified five leafhopper and three planthopper species associated with Napier grass and used them as candidates in pathogen transmission experiments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), based on the highly conserved 16S gene, primed by P1/P6-R16F2n/R16R2 nested primer sets was used to diagnose phytoplasma on test plants and insects, before and after transmission experiments. Healthy plants were exposed for 60 days to insects that had fed on diseased plants and acquired phytoplasma. The plants were then incubated for another 30 days. Nested PCR analyses showed that 58.3% of plants exposed to Recilia banda Kramer (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were positive for phytoplasma and developed characteristic stunt disease symptoms while 60% of R. banda insect samples were similarly phytoplasma positive. We compared the nucleotide sequences of the phytoplasma isolated from R. banda, Napier grass on which these insects were fed, and Napier grass infected by R. banda, and found them to be virtually identical. The results confirm that R. banda transmits Napier stunt phytoplasma in western Kenya, and may be the key vector of Napier stunt disease in this region. 相似文献
789.
John S. McLaren Todd V. Royer Robert W. Van Kirk Melissa L. Muradian 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(5):1323-1334
This study seeks to improve understanding of temperature patterns in reservoir outflows. We examined water temperatures in an irrigation storage reservoir, Island Park Reservoir, and its outflow, Henry’s Fork of the Snake River in eastern Idaho. Our objectives were to (1) quantify the extent to which daily temperature ranges in the reservoir outflow deviated from other reaches of the Henry’s Fork, and (2) test whether the reservoir’s net volume change during the summer — expressed as the volume of water remaining in the reservoir on September 1 — predicted mean summer temperature in the outflow. Two years of temperature data showed dampened diel temperature cycles in the reservoir outflow. Model selection with 17 years of climatic, hydrologic, and reservoir management variables found mean summer temperature in the outflow was best predicted by September 1 reservoir volume and average summer air temperature. Two years of weekly reservoir thermal profiles indicated large changes in reservoir volume eliminated cool hypolimnetic water and encouraged mixing, allowing warm epilimnetic water to be discharged into the outflow. Increases in future drought frequency and severity and increases in summer air temperatures could increase the frequency of occurrence of high mean summertime water temperatures in the outflow. Our study provides important information for local managers by quantifying influences on outflow temperatures and the downstream river ecosystem. 相似文献
790.
Quang A. Phung Allen L. Thompson Claire Baffaut Christine Costello E. John Sadler Bohumil M. Svoma Anthony Lupo Sagar Gautam 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(5):1196-1215
Anticipating changes in hydrologic variables is essential for making socioeconomic water resource decisions. This study aims to assess the potential impact of land use and climate change on the hydrologic processes of a primarily rain‐fed, agriculturally based watershed in Missouri. A detailed evaluation was performed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for the near future (2020–2039) and mid‐century (2040–2059). Land use scenarios were mapped using the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects model. Ensemble results, based on 19 climate models, indicated a temperature increase of about 1.0°C in near future and 2.0°C in mid‐century. Combined climate and land use change scenarios showed distinct annual and seasonal hydrologic variations. Annual precipitation was projected to increase from 6% to 7%, which resulted in 14% more spring days with soil water content equal to or exceeding field capacity in mid‐century. However, summer precipitation was projected to decrease, a critical factor for crop growth. Higher temperatures led to increased potential evapotranspiration during the growing season. Combined with changes in precipitation patterns, this resulted in an increased need for irrigation by 38 mm representing a 10% increase in total irrigation water use. Analysis from multiple land use scenarios indicated converting agriculture to forest land can potentially mitigate the effects of climate change on streamflow, thus ensuring future water availability. 相似文献