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131.
Jan C. van de Zande J. F. M. Huijsmans H. A. J. Porskamp J. M. G. P. Michielsen H. Stallinga H. J. Holterman A. de Jong 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(1):9-17
A summary is given of research within the field of application technology for crop protection products for the past 10 years
in The Netherlands. Results are presented for greenhouse, orchard, nursery tree and arable field spraying for the typical
Dutch situation. Research predominantly focussed on the quantification of spray deposition in crop canopy and the emissions
into the environment, especially spray drift. The risk of spray drift is related to defined distances and dimensions of the
surface water adjacent to a sprayed field. Spray deposition and spray drift research was setup in order to identify and quantify
drift-reducing technologies. Results are presented for cross-flow sprayers, tunnel sprayers and air-assisted field sprayers.
For field crop spraying with a boom sprayer the effect of nozzle type on spray deposition in crop canopy and spray drift is
highlighted both with a modelling approach as based on field experiments. The use of spray drift data in regulation is discussed.
A relation between spray deposition and biological efficacy is outlined for drift-reducing spray techniques. The effect of
spray drift-reducing technologies in combination with crop- and spray-free buffer zones is outlined. It is concluded that
spray technology plays an important role to minimise spray- and crop-free buffer zones, and to maintain biological efficacy
and acceptable levels of ecotoxicological risk in the surface water. 相似文献
132.
Characterization of trace organic contaminants in marine sediment from Yeongil Bay, Korea: 1. Instrumental analyses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Koh CH Khim JS Villeneuve DL Kannan K Giesy JP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,142(1):39-47
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine (OC) pesticides (HCB, HCHs, CHLs, and DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs), and bisphenol A (BPA) were measured in 26 marine sediments collected from Yeongil Bay, Korea, in order to characterize their spatial distribution and sources. PCBs (2.85-26.5 ng/g, dry wt.) were detected mainly in the inner bay locations Mean OC pesticide ranged from 1.16 ng/g dry wt. for HCH to 0.05 ng/g dry wt. for HCB). PAH concentrations ranged from <10.0 to 1870 (mean: 309)ng/g dry wt., and were predominated 3- and 4-ring congeners. Concentrations of APs, such as nonylphenol, octylphenol, butylphenol (means 89.1, 4.61, 11.0 ng/g dry wt., respectively), were greater at locations proximal to municipal wastewater discharges. Concentrations of PCBs and PAHs were great near shipyards and industrial complexes. Vertical profiles of PAHs and APs indicated that they have been associated with sediments since the 1950s. 相似文献
133.
Hoffman Emma Guernsey Judith R. Walker Tony R. Kim Jong Sung Sherren Kate Andreou Pantelis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20685-20698
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Air toxics are airborne pollutants known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects, including certain volatile organic compounds... 相似文献
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Deok Hyun Moon Yoon-Young Chang Yong Sik Ok Kyung Hoon Cheong Agamemnon Koutsospyros Jeong-Hun Park 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):774-780
In this study, improvement of acidic soil with respect to soil pH and exchangeable cations was attempted for sample with an initial pH of approximately 5. Acidic soil was amended with various waste resources in the range of 1 to 5 wt.% including waste oyster shells (WOS), calcined oyster shells (COS), Class C fly ash (FA), and cement kiln dust (CKD) to improve soil pH and exchangeable cations. Upon treatment, the soil pH was monitored for periods up to 3 months. The exchangeable cations were measured after 1 month of curing. After a curing period of 1 month, a maize growth experiment was conducted with selected-treated samples to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. The treatment results indicate that in order to increase the soil pH to a value of 7, 1 wt.% of WOS, 3 wt.% of FA, and 1 wt.% of CKD are required. In the case of COS, 1 wt.% was more than enough to increase the soil pH value to 7 because of COS's strong alkalinity. Moreover, the soil pH increases after a curing period of 7 days and remains virtually unchanged thereafter up to 1 month of curing. Upon treatment, the summation of cations (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) significantly increased. The growth of maize is superior in the treated samples rather than the untreated one, indicating that the amelioration of acidic soil is beneficial to plant growth, since soil pH was improved and nutrients were replenished. 相似文献
136.
Ki Young Choi Suk Hyun Kim Gi Hoon Hong Hyo Taek Chon 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(1):71-82
Bottom sediments of harbors in the South Korea have been long suspected for metal contamination due to ship-based and urban-based activities for the past several decades. A number of areas have been suspected to impair ecosystem services to the local residents and drawn complaints from main stakeholders. Twelve contamination suspected harbors were subject to evaluate the level of contamination of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg. The level of sediment contamination for each metal was evaluated comparing the relative enrichment of a given metal to pollution-insensitive aluminum. Regional background concentration of a given metal was also determined based on its down core measurement and sediment texture. Ecological risk posed by the presence of heavy metals was evaluated using the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) developed by United States National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration (US NOAA) as benchmarks for evaluating sediment chemistry to aquatic organisms. Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg in the surface sediment were found to be higher than a factor of 1.5 than background sediments, and the overall metal contaminations of surface sediment can be regarded as medium–high- to high-priority sites in the sense of SQGs. 相似文献
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This study examines identity accumulation, others' acceptance of one's aspired self, work role salience, and job‐search self‐efficacy in relation to job stress. One hundred and eighty insurance agents working in six branches of an international assurance company completed self‐report questionnaires. Results indicate that identity accumulation and others' acceptance have direct, significant, and negative relationships with job stress. Job‐search self‐efficacy is found to be effective in moderating the relationship between work‐role salience and job stress. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
140.