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171.
Jeong Huy Ko Yeon-Ho Kwak Kyung-Seun Yoo Jong-Ki Jeon Sung Hoon Park Young-Kwon Park 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(3):173-179
Experiments were performed in order to investigate the possibility for the development of catalysts for low-temperature selective
catalytic reduction (SCR) using municipal waste char and RDF byproduct. Physical and chemical activations, using water, and
HCl and KOH, were employed to increase the catalytic activities. The characteristics of the activated catalysts were investigated
using N2 adsorption–desorption and FT-IR. The catalysts activated chemically using basic treatment showed higher NO
x
removal efficiencies than those activated physically or chemically using acidic treatment. The de-NO
x
performance of the activated catalysts was dependent on the chemical properties, such as oxygen functional groups as well
as physical properties, such as specific surface area and pore volume. In order to investigate the effect of MnO
x
, which has been reported to be efficient for the removal of NO
x
in low-temperature SCR processes, the chemically activated catalyst was impregnated with manganese. The Mn-impregnated catalyst
had the highest NO
x
conversion at all of the temperatures tested in this study. 相似文献
172.
Jongdeuk Ahn Jong-Gyu Kim In-Yong Seo Jae Hoon Roh Seung Heon Song Jeonghun Song 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(11):961-969
An ideal off-grid island can become 100% energy-sufficient if one installs renewable energy systems such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) systems. However, the intermittent and uncertain nature of the power supply from renewable energy systems hinders a 100% autonomy level (AL) without an infinite energy storage capacity. The thermoeconomic installation limit (TEIL) of a PV/WT hybrid energy system was studied using hourly weather data and the energy demand profile for off-grid islands. An appropriate battery size for the TEIL was also determined. Given the current installation cost of the hybrid energy system and the battery unit, the AL for a PV/WT hybrid energy system at the TEIL is calculated to be approximately 70%. Above the limit, the size of the energy storage unit and, correspondingly, the total annual cost of the PV/WT hybrid energy system increase sharply. 相似文献
173.
Biomineralization-based conversion of carbon dioxide to calcium carbonate using recombinant carbonic anhydrase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recently, as a mimic of the natural biomineralization process, the use of carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is an enzyme catalyzing fast reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, has been suggested for biological conversion of CO2 to valuable chemicals. While purified bovine CA (BCA) has been used in previous studies, its practical utilization in CO2 conversion has been limited due to the expense of BCA preparation. In the present work, we investigated conversion of CO2 into calcium carbonate as a target carbonate mineral by using a more economical, recombinant CA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the usage of recombinant CA for biological CO2 conversion. Recombinant α-type CA originating in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NCA) was highly expressed as a soluble form in Escherichia coli. We found that purified recombinant NCA which showed comparable CO2 hydration activity to commercial BCA significantly promoted formation of solid CaCO3 through the acceleration of CO2 hydration rate, which is naturally slow. In addition, the rate of calcite crystal formation was also accelerated using recombinant NCA. Moreover, non-purified crude recombinant NCA also showed relatively significant ability. Therefore, recombinant CA could be an effective, economical biocatalyst in practical CO2 conversion system. 相似文献
174.
Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is performed to quantitatively evaluate all environmental impacts from products, systems, processes and services. However, LCIA does not always provide valuable information for choosing among alternatives with different specifications, functionalities and lifetimes. The objectives of this study are (1) to propose environmental indicators to evaluate environmental efficiency and value qualitatively and quantitatively on the basis of analogies to financial and economic indicators, and (2) to present the application of the indicators. Incremental evaluation using a reference is employed to obtain the environmental indicators. The environmental efficiency indicators are conceptually based on the ratios of reduced environmental burdens returned to environmental burdens required: environmental return on investment, environmental payback period and environmental internal rate of return. The environmental value indicator is the sum of all reduced and required environmental burdens: i.e., environmental net present value. All the environmental indicators can be used to compare and rank the environmental efficiencies or values of alternatives. The environmental efficiency indicators can be applied to a new environmental labeling. The concept of eco-efficiency labeling is developed by combining the environmental efficiency indicators with financial indicators. A case study is performed to illustrate the necessity and importance of the environmental indicators. These environmental indicators can help easily communicate LCIA results in the field of environmental management. 相似文献
175.
Effect of industrial by-products containing electron acceptors on mitigating methane emission during rice cultivation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Muhammad Aslam Ali Chang Hoon Lee Sang Yoon Kim Pil Joo Kim 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(10):2759-2764
Three industrial by-products (fly ash, phosphogypsum and blast furnace slag), were evaluated for their potential re-use as soil amendments to reduce methane (CH4) emission resulting from rice cultivation. In laboratory incubations, CH4 production rates from anoxic soil slurries were significantly reduced at amendment levels of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 5% (wt wt−1), while observed CO2 production rates were enhanced. The level of suppression in methane production was the highest for phosphogypsum, followed by blast slag and then fly ash. In the greenhouse experiment, CH4 emission rates from the rice planted potted soils significantly decreased with the increasing levels (2–20 Mg ha−1) of the selected amendments applied, while rice yield simultaneously increased compared to the control treatment. At 10 Mg ha−1 application level of the amendments, total seasonal CH4 emissions were reduced by 20%, 27% and 25%, while rice grain yields were increased by 17%, 15% and 23% over the control with fly ash, phosphogypsum, and blast slag amendments, respectively. The suppression of CH4 production rates as well as total seasonal CH4 flux could be due to the increased concentrations of active iron, free iron, manganese oxides, and sulfate in the amended soil, which acted as electron acceptors and controlled methanogens’ activity by limiting substrates availability. Among the amendments, blast furnace slag and fly ash contributed mainly to improve the soil nutrients balance and increased the soil pH level towards neutral point, but soil acidity was developed with phosphogypsum application. Conclusively, blast slag among the selected amendments would be a suitable soil amendment for reducing CH4 emissions as well as sustaining rice productivity. 相似文献
176.
177.
Extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) are used in the developing world for many purposes including management of agricultural insect pests. The effects of different neem extracts (aqueous (NSKEaq), ethanol (NSKEeth) and hexane (NSKEhex)) on mortality, survival and weight of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) third and fourth nymphal instars were investigated. When fed rice plants treated with neem derivatives in bioassays, the survival of BPH nymphs is affected. Comparisons were made with the pure neem limonoid, azadirachtin (AZA) to ascertain its role as a compound responsible for these effects. AZA was most potent in all experiments and produced almost 100% nymphal mortality at 0.5 ppm and higher concentrations. When higher concentrations were applied, the effects appeared shortly after treatment and mortality was higher. Many insects died after remaining inactive for several days or during prolonged moulting. At lower concentrations, if moulting was achieved, disturbed growth and abnormalities were then likely to occur in the moulting process. Nymphs that were chronically exposed to neem extract showed a reduction in weight (45-60%). The results clearly indicate the simple NSKE (aqueous, ethanolic or both), containing low concentrations of AZA, can be used effectively to inhibit the growth and survival of BPH. 相似文献
178.
Phan NT Kim KH Jeon EC Kim UH Sohn JR Pandey SK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1683-1692
A number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, styrene, and o- xylene released during food decaying processes were measured from three types of decaying food samples (Kimchi (KC), fresh
fish (FF), and salted fish (SF)). To begin with, all the food samples were contained in a 100-mL throwaway syringe. These
samples were then analyzed sequentially for up to a 14-day period. The patterns of VOC release contrasted sharply between
two types of fish (FF and SF) and KC samples. A comparison of data in terms of total VOC showed that the mean values for the
two fish types were in the similar magnitude with 280 ± 579 (FF) and 504 ± 1,089 ppmC (SF), while that for KC was much lower
with 16.4 ± 7.6 ppmC. There were strong variations in VOC emission patterns during the food decaying processes between fishes
and KC that are characterized most sensitively by such component as styrene. The overall results of this study indicate that
concentration levels of the VOCs differed significantly between the food types and with the extent of decaying levels through
time. 相似文献
179.
Deok Hyun Moon Jae E. Yang Kyung Hoon Cheong Agamemnon Koutsospyros Jeong-Hun Park Kyoung Jae Lim Sung Chul Kim Rog-Young Kim Yong Sik Ok 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9931-9938
Quality improvement of acidic soil (with an initial pH of approximately 4.5) with respect to soil pH, exchangeable cations, organic matter content, and maize growth was attempted using natural (NSF) and calcined starfish (CSF). Acidic soil was amended with NSF and CSF in the range of 1 to 10 wt.% to improve soil pH, organic matter content, and exchangeable cations. Following the treatment, the soil pH was monitored for periods up to 3 months. The exchangeable cations were measured after 1 month of curing. After a curing period of 1 month, the maize growth experiment was performed with selected treated samples to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The results show that 1 wt.% of NSF and CSF (700 and 900 °C) were required to increase the soil pH to a value higher than 7. In the case of CSF (900 °C), 1 wt.% was sufficient to increase the soil pH value to 9 due to the strong alkalinity in the treatment. No significant changes in soil pHs were observed after 7 days of curing and up to 3 months of curing. Upon treatment, the cation exchange capacity values significantly increased as compared to the untreated samples. The organic content of the samples increased upon NSF treatment, but it remains virtually unchanged upon CSF treatment. Maize growth was greater in the treated samples rather than the untreated samples, except for the samples treated with 1 and 3 wt.% CSF (900 °C), where maize growth was limited due to strong alkalinity. This indicates that the amelioration of acidic soil using natural and calcined starfish is beneficial for plant growth as long as the application rate does not produce alkaline conditions outside the optimal pH range for maize growth. 相似文献
180.
Ecological risk assessment of arsenic and metals in sediments of coastal areas of northern Bohai and Yellow Seas, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Distributions of arsenic and metals in surface sediments collected from the coastal and estuarine areas of the northern Bohai and Yellow Seas, China, were investigated. An ecological risk assessment of arsenic and metals in the sediments was evaluated by three approaches: the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the degree of contamination, and two sets of SQGs indices. Sediments from the estuaries of the Wuli and Yalu Rivers contained some of the greatest concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc. Median concentrations of cadmium and mean concentrations of lead and zinc were greater than background concentrations determined for the areas. All sediments were considered to be heavily polluted by arsenic, but moderately polluted by chromium, lead, and cadmium. Current concentrations of arsenic and metals are unlikely to be acutely toxic, but chronic exposures would be expected to cause adverse effects on benthic invertebrates at 31.4% of the sites. 相似文献