生物炭和碳纳米管固定化漆酶去除水体雌二醇

漆酶是一类具有高效的催化氧化能力的含铜多酚的氧化酶,而固定化漆酶技术在有机废水处理领域受到了越来越多的关注。通过比较吸附法和包埋法利用木炭(WB)、竹炭(BB)和碳纳米管(CNT)固定游离漆酶去除水体雌二醇(E2)。在25 °C 、pH=5条件下,固定化漆酶经120 h 贮存仍保留80%的活性。经过5次循环研究,固载的漆酶仍保留了27%~58%的剩余活性。结合扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱,证实了漆酶成功地负载在碳基材料上。仅在 8 h内,50 mg·L⁻¹ E2通过吸附法制备的WB、BB、CNT固定化漆酶去除了42.92%、47.66%、43.92%,而包埋法制备的WB、BB、CNT固定化漆酶分别去除84.08%、87.20%、87.86%。结果表明,包埋法固定化漆酶对E2的去除效率更优,这是由于包埋固载在生物炭和CNT的漆酶更为稳定。此外,K⁺和Mn²⁺离子可能通过干扰漆酶的电子传递过程影响漆酶的活性,从而抑制E2的去除。本研究旨在为固定化漆酶在有机废水处理的实际应用提供指导。     

核桃壳生物炭小球对雌激素污染物的吸附机制

为探究生物炭小球对雌激素污染物的吸附机制,以农业废弃物核桃壳为原材料,在400 ℃下热解碳化制备生物炭,与黏土、碳酸氢钠、硅酸钠混合制备生物炭小球。采用ESEM观察、比表面积测定、红外光谱对其表面结构和组成进行表征,并将其用于对雌酮(E1)、雌二醇(E2)和雌三醇(E3)的吸附去除研究。分别考察了吸附时间、溶液pH、生物炭小球投加量以及雌激素初始浓度对吸附效果的影响,并通过颗粒内扩散、等温吸附、吸附动力学探讨其吸附机制。结果表明：生物炭小球对雌激素的吸附平衡时间为15 min;投加量为1 g、pH为5、初始浓度为2 500 μg·L-1时平衡吸附量最大;颗粒内扩散模型研究结果表明吸附机制包括分配作用和表面吸附;准二级动力学可较好地描述生物炭小球对雌激素的吸附过程;生物炭小球对雌激素的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。所制备的生物炭小球对雌激素污染物具有较好的去除效果,在环境治理方面具有一定的应用前景。     

废纸再生过程综合效能评估研究

废纸再生已成为当下解决传统制浆造纸原料匮乏问题的主要途径和趋势,为分析废纸再生过程综合效能水平,提出一种包含多指标的废纸再生综合效能评估模型。从物质流与能量流2个角度对废纸再生过程进行分析,选取5个定量评估指标,构建一套废纸再生综合效能评估指标体系。基于博弈论组合赋权理论,将主、客观权重优化组合得到评估指标最优组合权重,并基于物元模型建立废纸再生综合效能评估模型。通过评估模型对9家企业废纸再生过程进行实例计算,得到各企业综合效能等级,结果显示有2家企业处于高水平,3家企业处于较高水平,4家企业处于差水平。模型计算结果可以体现企业综合效能水平的相对高低和各企业的提升方向。

     

原锅炉引风机后串接NID系统的应用

通过大武口电厂3、4号炉脱硫、除尘系统设计及调试分析,对原锅炉引风机后串接NID系统出现的问题进行了总结.     

Changes in microcystin content and environmental parameters over the course of a toxic cyanobacteria bloom in a hypertrophic regulated river, South Korea

Cyanobacterial blooms and associated microcystins in hypertrophic stagnant West-Nakdong River were investigated at weekly intervals from April to August, 1999. Microcystis spp. accounted for over 85% of the numeric abundance of total phytoplankton. Microcystins were present in the blooms sampled between May and August. The peak of total microcystin (microcystin-LR + -RR) levels (maximum level; 612 microg g(-1)) was detected in the initial stage of the bloom (mid May), at the same time as high N/P ratio and high Microcystis biomass. This study indicated that total microcystins of this regulated river was positively correlated to Microcystis biomass, absolute nutrient concentration and TN/TP ratio.     

Estrogenic effects of phenolic compounds on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in MCF-7 cells and uterine glutathione peroxidase in rats

In this study, we tested phenolic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-octylphenol (OP) and 4-propylphenol (PP) by using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in estrogen sensitive human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in female immature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. This study was designed to investigate whether phenolic compounds have estrogenic effects in these useful screening methods for endocrine disruptors. We chose 6 h as the incubation period for the G6PD assay through a preliminary experiment using 17beta-estradiol (E2). Above the concentration of 1 x 10(-8) M, BPA significantly increased the G6PD activity in a concentration-dependent manner, relative to the control. NP (over the concentration of 1 x 10(-9) M) also enhanced the G6PD activity by about 1.8 times that of the control. OP produced weaker effects on G6PD than NP, and showed a tendency to increase the G6PD activity. PP did not affect the G6PD activity. These results show that BPA and NP have the effect of enhancing G6PD activities in MCF-7 cells. In the in vivo GPx assay, both BPA and E2 significantly increased the uterus wet weights and dramatically enhanced uterine GPx activities in immature female rats in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with NP (500 mg/kg/day) increased significantly both the uterine GPx activity and the uterus wet weights in immature female rats. OP (500 mg/kg/day) also caused a significant increase in uterine GPx activity, but had no effect on the uterus wet weights. This finding indicates that the change in uterine GPx activities could be a more sensitive parameter than that of uterus wet weights in immature rats. This study implies that phenolic compounds have a weak estrogenic effects.     

重金属复合污染场地对花背蟾蜍雄性性腺的毒性作用

以花背蟾蜍为研究对象,以包头市某尾矿库南侧受污染的水域湿地和相对无污染的小白河黄河湿地保护区为研究样地。对比分析雄性花背蟾蜍形态学指标、精巢脏器系数、精子动态参数、精子畸形率、性激素、红细胞微核率和DNA损伤等相关指标,研究重金属复合污染场地对花背蟾蜍雄性性腺的毒性效应。结果显示:与小白河湿地相比,尾矿库湿地花背蟾蜍条件因子和精巢脏器系数显著高于小白河湿地(P<0.01)。尾矿库花背蟾蜍精子的鞭打频率显著升高,而精子活力显著降低(P<0.05),精子畸形率、红细胞微核率和DNA损伤均显著高于小白河湿地(P<0.05)。结果表明:尾矿库复合污染通过降低精子质量,增加红细胞微核率和DNA损伤对花背蟾蜍的雄性性腺造成毒理学影响,花背蟾蜍通过升高条件因子和精巢脏器系数来缓解复合污染的毒性胁迫。该成果对重金属复合污染场地两栖类动物种群保护以及生态平衡维护有着积极作用。     

基于粒子群优化的DGM（1,1）模型在基坑变形安全预测中的研究

为确保基坑施工期间发生变形后能够正常使用,将变权缓冲算子结合DGM(1,1)模型构造出变权离散灰色模型,利用相对误差、后验差比,灰色绝对关联度3种精度检验法作为粒子群算法适应度建立模型,构造PSO-VWDGM(1,1)模型,并结合实际工程监测数据研究不同适应度对基坑变形预测精度的影响。研究结果表明:不同适应度函数对预测精度存在较大影响,以灰色绝对关联度作为适应度建立模型预测精度较高,可以更好应用在工程中。研究成果可为工程施工阶段的基坑变形预测、稳定性分析与灾害评估、预警提供参考。     

From the enclave to the city: the economic benefits of immigrant flexibility

While much attention has been paid to the entrepreneurial “base” of the ethnic economy, the enclave is primarily composed of thousands of hourly employees working in small co-ethnic or multi-ethnic immigrant firms. The US economy benefits from over 10?billion dollars in taxed income and wages from immigrants whose social security numbers do not match up with their employee tax identification numbers. Multiple mismatches and misinformation about immigrants (from an economic, cultural, and political standpoint) demonstrate the need to understand the unique potential of immigrant communities in facilitating urban growth. Koreatown in Los Angeles, an ethnic enclave economy that is also a central business district for many immigrant workers, is one emergent example of new types of flexibility around citizenship status and semi-formal jobs as they are negotiated on a daily basis in the neighbourhood. Previous studies of the ethnic enclave have maintained that there is a singular importance to the co-ethnic network (Korean to Korean, or Cuban to Cuban, for example), and yet this traditional characterisation of the ethnic enclave does not hold true in most urban ethnic enclaves, which include multiple ethnic groups working side by side. Interviews with Korean and Latino workers demonstrate the ways in which people (including undocumented individuals) contribute to the local economy, and informally communicate in neighbourhoods and cities to build a broader social and economic network outside of enclave boundaries.     

磺胺类药物在土壤中的形态转化及降解研究

采用批量平衡试验法研究了磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲恶唑在添加模拟根系分泌物处理和对照中的形态转化及降解规律.结果表明,有机溶剂提取态、水溶态和结合态含量占总量的比例分别为86.5%~98.5%、0.6%~7.3%和0.1%~12.5%,有机溶剂提取态是2种药物在土壤中的主要存在形态.结合态所占比例随时间的增加而增高,添加模拟根系分泌物有利于土壤中磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲恶唑结合态的形成,对水溶态和有机溶剂提取态形成的影响较小.土壤中磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲恶唑的降解遵循一级反应动力学,可决系数为0.9273~0.9963.2种药物在添加模拟根系分泌物处理中的降解速率大于在对照的降解速率.