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排序方式: 共有182条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Andrew Jordan 《The Environmentalist》1994,14(1):23-33
Summary The June 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) was the largest and most well attended United Nations conference of all time. The litmus test for the long-term will be whether the promises and pledges made at Rio can be taken forward by way of a process that gradually moves human society towards a more equitable and environmentally sustainable form of development. This paper focuses on two organisations that look set to play an important role in that process: the World Bank's experimental Global Environment Facility and the nascent United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. It is argued that both these bodies must find a way to respond to the conflicting demands of developed and developing nations if their efforts are not to be stymied by the same kind of international disagreements which characterised the negotiations preceding the Summit.The author is a research associate at the Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), a UK Economic and Social Research Council funded centre located jointly at the University of East Anglia and University College London. He is currently engaged in a long term research project which seeks to elucidate how governmental, business and other agencies perceive the uncertain threat of global environmental change, and how they are adapting to it. 相似文献
62.
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has focused on the distribution in rivers and small lakes, but data regarding their occurrence and effects in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, are sparse. Wastewater treatment processes have not been optimized to remove influent PPCPs and are a major source of PPCPs in the environment. Furthermore, PPCPs are not currently regulated in wastewater effluent. In this experiment we evaluated the concentration, and corresponding risk, of PPCPs from a wastewater effluent source at varying distances in Lake Michigan. Fifty-four PPCPs and hormones were assessed on six different dates over a two-year period from surface water and sediment samples up to 3.2 km from a wastewater treatment plant and at two sites within a harbor. Thirty-two PPCPs were detected in Lake Michigan and 30 were detected in the sediment, with numerous PPCPs being detected up to 3.2 km away from the shoreline. The most frequently detected PPCPs in Lake Michigan were metformin, caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and triclosan. To determine the ecological risk, the maximum measured environmental concentrations were compared to the predicted no-effect concentration and 14 PPCPs were found to be of medium or high ecological risk. The environmental risk of PPCPs in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, has been questioned due to high dilution; however, the concentrations found in this study, and their corresponding risk quotient, indicate a significant threat by PPCPs to the health of the Great Lakes, particularly near shore organisms. 相似文献
63.
In the current climate of increasing emphasis on environmental protection and efficient waste management, regional management bodies and environmental agencies are striving to achieve an economical and environmentally acceptable system for the recycling of biodegradable organic wastes. Composting would appear to be a cost effective solution to this problem, but in its entirety, composting is an inherently lengthy and variable process and is restrictive in terms of the demand on resources and space in composting plants. The aim of this study was to compare a biological composting process of solid residues with an enzymatic hydrolysis process of residues. The length of time required to naturally compost three organic materials, spent mushroom compost (SMC), farmyard manure (FYM) and dairy wastewater sludge (DWS) under optimal conditions was 42 days, 98 days and 84 days, respectively. In an attempt to accelerate this process, commercial enzymes were added to the waste products in a heterogeneous solid-liquid system. The enzymes utilised included a range of proteases, cellulases, ligninases, lipases and pectinases, which are responsible for the hydrolysis of protein, cellulose, lignin, lipids and carbohydrates, respectively. Preliminary results indicate that all of the organic materials were stabilised within 9h and that the enzymes used would, therefore, improve the efficiency of a waste management plant, if such a system were employed. Spent mushroom compost has a mean N/P/K ratio of 20:10:10 recorded for composted SMC, while a similar ratio of 20:10:20 was obtained for hydrolysed SMC. In contrast, composted farmyard manure has a N/P/K ratio of 30:0:30 and a ratio of 10:1:10 for hydrolysed FYM. Finally, composted DWS has a N/P/K ratio of 20:1:30 while DWS hydrolysate has a N/P/K ratio of 40:1:20, with the decrease in nitrogen in the composted DWS attributed to the addition of wood chippings and sawdust as a bulking agent. While all three materials have a considerable supply of plant nutrients, the variability in nutrients could be overlooked when employed as a soil amendment. 相似文献
64.
Dunn RJ Teasdale PR Warnken J Jordan MA Arthur JM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,148(1):213-220
Various natural and anthropogenic processes influence heavy metal concentrations within estuaries. In situ, time-integrated DGT measurements made over concurrent tidal phases found significantly higher concentrations of Cu (probability p=0.017), Zn (p=0.003) and Ni (p=0.003) during the flood phase, because the incoming tide passes several point sources. DGT-reactive Cu concentrations significantly decreased with increased tidal-flushing and vice versa within a marina (correlation r=-0.788, p=0.02). DGT measurements also recorded significant increases in Cu (4 out of 4 sites, p<0.001) and Zn (3 out of 4 sites, p< or =0.015) after a 24 mm rainfall event. Finally, DGT-reactive Cu increased significantly (p<0.001) during peak boating times, due to increased numbers of Cu-antifouled boats. This study demonstrates that, with judicious selection of deployment times, DGT measurements enable changes in heavy metal concentrations to be related to various cycles and events within estuaries. 相似文献
65.
Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Spatial variability in N uptake and utilisation by swards within uniformly managed field units could be responsible for a significant proportion of the NH3, N2O, NO3- and NOx (NO and NO2) 'pollutants' generated by agriculture and released to the environment. An investigation was commenced, therefore, to quantify, map and explain the spatial variability in sward N yield in a 'large' silage field and to assess the potential for managing this variability using some of the latest precision agriculture technology. Sward dry matter (DM) and N yields were predicted from the results of plant tissue analyses using mathematical models. Sward N yields were found to vary greatly across the field seemingly because of differences in net soil N mineralisation, but the pattern of variability appeared to remain constant with time. Conventional soil analysis of a range of soil chemical and physical properties, however, failed to explain this variability. It was concluded that the N-yield distribution map might be used in place of soil analysis as the basis for varying the rates of N application to different parts of the field with the twin objectives of maximising fertiliser use efficiency and minimising N emissions to air and water. 相似文献
66.
I. Lorenzoni A. Jordan D. Favis-Mortlock D. Viner J. Hall 《Regional Environmental Change》2001,2(3):106-117
The weight of scientific evidence suggests that human activities are noticeably influencing the world's climate. However,
the effects of global climate change will be unevenly spread, due to local variations in vulnerability and adaptive capacity.
Using downscaled projections of future UK climates over the next 50 years, this paper investigates the impacts of, and possible
responses to, climate change in one small area in eastern England, selected as a test-bed for sustainable agriculture. It
shows that local agricultural systems are vulnerable to changes in the climate. At present, however, these considerations
have a limited effect on agricultural operations, which are mainly driven by short-term events and 'non-climate' policies,
such as agricultural price support. The capacity of agricultural systems to adapt successfully to climate change will be determined
by the ability of producers to integrate climate change into their planning strategies with a view to ultimately ensuring
sustainable agricultural practices in the long term.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
67.
Spatial pattern and persistence of historical fire boundaries in southern interior British Columbia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Geraldine J. Jordan Marie-Josée Fortin Kenneth P. Lertzman 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2008,15(4):523-535
Recent ecosystem and fire management research aims to quantify, model and understand historical fire disturbances focusing
on their frequency, size and distribution. Less attention, however, has been paid to fire boundaries and their location on
the landscape. Our study presents a spatial method to quantify the location, pattern and persistence of historical fire boundaries
using tree ring fire scar data in the lower Stein watershed (British Columbia). Data from Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii collected in 35 one-hectare plots over a 412-hectare study area were analyzed for the period between 1879 and 1947 using
local spatial statistics and boundary detection techniques. Results of the analysis using local spatial statistic Moran’s
I showed significant clustering of boundaries near topographic breaks. To determine and test whether fire boundaries between
plots were persistent, we used boundary detection methods and developed a spatially restricted randomization test. The results
revealed that out of 86 possible boundary links, 8 were significantly persistent (P < 0.025) while another 8 were significantly rare (P < 0.025). These spatial methods can help determine the historical spatial configuration of persistent boundaries and can
be used to maintain natural forest dynamics.
相似文献
Geraldine J. JordanEmail: |
68.
Jordan Levine Michael Muthukrishna Kai M.A. Chan Terre Satterfield 《Conservation biology》2017,31(2):343-352
We sought to take a first step toward better integration of social concerns into empirical ecosystem service (ES) work. We did this by adapting cognitive anthropological techniques to study the Clayoquot Sound social‐ecological system on the Pacific coast of Canada's Vancouver Island. We used freelisting and ranking exercises to elicit how locals perceive ESs and to determine locals’ preferred food species. We analyzed these data with the freelist‐analysis software package ANTHROPAC. We considered the results in light of an ongoing trophic cascade caused by the government reintroduction of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and their spread along the island's Pacific coast. We interviewed 67 local residents (n = 29 females, n = 38 males; n = 26 self‐identified First Nation individuals, and n = 41 non‐First Nation individuals) and 4 government managers responsible for conservation policy in the region. We found that the mental categories participants—including trained ecologists—used to think about ESs, did not match the standard academic ES typology. With reference to the latest ecological model projections for the region, we found that First Nations individuals and women were most likely to perceive the most immediate ES losses from the trophic cascade, with the most certainty. The inverse was found for men and non‐First Nations individuals, generally. This suggests that 2 historically disadvantaged groups (i.e., First Nations and women) are poised to experience the immediate impacts of the government‐initiated trophic cascade as yet another social injustice in a long line of perceived inequities. Left unaddressed, this could complicate efforts at multistakeholder ecosystem management in the region. 相似文献
69.
Michael Jordan 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2014,24(4):107-126
Tetrachloroethene (PCE) releases at a former dry cleaner resulted in impacts to soil and shallow groundwater beneath and adjacent to the building. Subsurface impacts led to vapor intrusion with PCE concentrations between 900 and 1,200 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3) in indoor air. The migration pathways of impacted soil vapor were evaluated through implementation of a helium tracer test and vapor sampling of an exterior concrete block wall. Results confirmed that the concrete block wall acted as a conduit for vapor intrusion into the building. A combination of remediation efforts focused on mass reduction in the source area as well as mitigation efforts to inhibit vapor migration into the building. Excavation of soils beneath the floor slab and installation of a spray‐applied vapor barrier resulted in PCE concentrations in indoor air decreasing by over 97.9 percent. Operation of an active ventilation system installed under the floor slab and groundwater remediation via injections of nano‐scale zero valent iron (nZVI) further reduced PCE concentrations in indoor air by over 99.8 percent compared to baseline conditions. While significant reductions of PCE concentrations in groundwater were observed within two months after injection, maximum reductions to PCE concentrations in indoor air were not observed for an additional 12 months. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
70.