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121.
Filgueiras Ana Virginia Gago Jesús Campillo Juan Antonio León Víctor Manuel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(21):21264-21273
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics (MPs) are widely recognised as a contaminant of emerging concern in the marine environment. This work provides original data of the... 相似文献
122.
Costa José Arnaldo S. Sarmento Victor H. V. Romão Luciane P. C. Paranhos Caio M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25476-25490
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rice husk ash (RHA) was used as an alternative source of silica for the synthesis of the functionalized mesoporous material, which was used in the... 相似文献
123.
Herlander Mata‐Lima A. Alvino‐Borba Ivan Y. Salazar Vasquez Jakelline Jard da Silva Bruno Hernandez Incau José A. Almeida 《环境质量管理》2017,27(1):41-48
In view of the Brazilian Ten‐Year Energy Expansion Plan 2021, this article presents a discussion on environmental flow (e‐flow). The authors analyze the literature to show the evolution of publications concerning e‐flow releases from the perspective of ecosystems services preservation considering results from different case studies from throughout the world. Finally, two main recommendations are drawn regarding e‐flow are: (1) performing a holistic approach to e‐flow planning, including hydrological, hydraulic, water quality, habitat, and riparian zone considerations; and (2) installing in new structures adequate bottom outlets to allow a range of adjustable e‐flow from reservoir dams to reproduce natural flow variations. 相似文献
124.
Vinicius F. Farjalla André M. Amado Albert L. Suhett Frederico Meirelles-Pereira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(5):531-538
Background, aim, and scope Dissolved humic substances (HS) usually comprise 50–80% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aquatic ecosystems. From
a trophic and biogeochemical perspective, HS has been considered to be highly refractory and is supposed to accumulate in
the water. The upsurge of the microbial loop paradigm and the studies on HS photo-degradation into labile DOC gave rise to
the belief that microbial processing of DOC should sustain aquatic food webs in humic waters. However, this has not been extensively
supported by the literature, since most HS and their photo-products are often oxidized by microbes through respiration in
most nutrient-poor humic waters. Here, we review basic concepts, classical studies, and recent data on bacterial and photo-degradation
of DOC, comparing the rates of these processes in highly humic ecosystems and other aquatic ecosystems.
Materials and methods We based our review on classical and recent findings from the fields of biogeochemistry and microbial ecology, highlighting
some odd results from highly humic Brazilian tropical lagoons, which can reach up to 160 mg C L−1.
Results and discussion Highly humic tropical lagoons showed proportionally lower bacterial production rates and higher bacterial respiration rates
(i.e., lower bacterial growth efficiency) than other lakes. Zooplankton showed similar δ13C to microalgae but not to humic DOC in these highly humic lagoons. Thus, the data reviewed here do not support the microbial
loop as an efficient matter transfer pathway in highly humic ecosystems, where it is supposed to play its major role.
In addition, we found that some tropical humic ecosystems presented the highest potential DOC photo-chemical mineralization
(PM) rates reported in the literature, exceeding up to threefold the rates reported for temperate humic ecosystems. We propose
that these atypically high PM rates are the result of a joint effect of the seasonal dynamics of allochthonous humic DOC input
to these ecosystems and the high sunlight incidence throughout the year. The sunlight action on DOC is positive to microbial
consumption in these highly humic lagoons, but little support is given to the enhancement of bacterial growth efficiency,
since the labile photo-chemical products are mostly respired by microbes in the nutrient-poor humic waters.
Conclusions HS may be an important source of energy for aquatic bacteria in humic waters, but it is probably not as important as a substrate
to bacterial growth and to aquatic food webs, since HS consumption is mostly channeled through microbial respiration. This
especially seems to be the case of humic-rich, nutrient-poor ecosystems, where the microbial loop was supposed to play its
major role. Highly humic ecosystems also present the highest PM rates reported in the literature. Finally, light and bacteria
can cooperate in order to enhance total carbon degradation in highly humic aquatic ecosystems but with limited effects on
aquatic food webs.
Recommendations and perspectives More detailed studies using C- and N-stable isotope techniques and modeling approaches are needed to better understand the
actual importance of HS to carbon cycling in highly humic waters. 相似文献
125.
Rodica Chiriac Jean Carré Yves Perrodin Hervé Vaillant Santiago Gasso Philippe Miele 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(11):1926-1931
The dispersion of VOCs emitted by a municipal solid waste landfill was studied for a period of over one year. Sixteen VOCs were monitored: linear alkanes from C7 to C11, BTEX, trimethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene, α and β-pinenes, limonene. The analytical procedure was first comprised of static long-term sampling of about 2 months using radial diffusion Radiello tubes containing activated carbon, followed by extraction by solvent (i.e. CS2) and GC/MS analysis. The results were initially analysed on the basis of the total concentration of the quantified VOCs, then by examining the concentrations of certain selected compounds. The influence of different parameters such as operating conditions, meteorological conditions and site morphology was highlighted on the basis of total VOC concentrations. In order to study the VOC's dispersion more closely, 5 compounds were chosen: toluene, benzene, limonene, and the sum trichlorethylene + tetrachlorethylene, as a “marker”, to verify the origin of the VOCs emitted. The results showed that the main source of VOCs is the open cell and lead to different hypotheses on interferences from neighbouring sources and to the proposal of solutions to limit the emission of VOCs and their dispersion. To our knowledge, this type of study has not been accomplished until this day. 相似文献
126.
Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi Jon Sáenz Agustín Ezcurra Unai Ganzedo Javier Díaz de Argandoña Iñigo Errasti Alejandro Fernandez-Ferrero Josué Polanco-Martínez 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(25):3829-3836
In Bilbao (Spain), an air quality network measures sulphur dioxide levels at 4 locations. The objective of this paper is to develop a practical methodology to identify redundant sensors and evaluate a network's capability to correctly follow and represent SO2 fields in Bilbao, in the frame of a continuous network optimization process.The methodology is developed and tested at this particular location, but it is general enough to be useable at other places as well, since it is not tied neither to the particular geographical characteristics of the place nor to the phenomenology of the air quality over the area.To assess the spatial variability of SO2 measured at 4 locations in the area, three different techniques have been used: Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs), cluster analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show that the three techniques yield the same results, but the information obtained via PCA can be helpful not only for that purpose but also to throw light on the major mechanisms involved. This might be used in future network optimization stages. The main advantage of cluster analysis and SOMs is that they provide readily interpretable results. All the calculations have been carried out using the freely available software R. 相似文献
127.
Natalia Moreno Mar Viana Marco Pandolfi Andrs Alastuey Xavier Querol Servando Chinchn Juan Francisco Pinto Federico Torres Juan Manuel Díez Jos Saz 《Journal of environmental management》2009,91(1):133-141
Remodelling works are frequent in harbour areas, given that they must adapt to rapidly changing market requirements. Depending on their nature (construction, demolition, etc.), these works may be carried out during long periods of time and thus exert a significant impact on the air quality at the harbours and their surroundings. The air quality at the Valencia harbour was studied during an enlargement project. Four sampling stations aimed to cover the major dust-emitting activities in the harbour. In addition, a sampling campaign was carried out to collect dust materials at their emission sources (e.g., loading and unloading of clinker and petroleum coke, as well as the enlargement works). Differences obtained between PM levels at the monitoring sites were correlated with the distance between sampling stations and enlargement works and/or harbour operations, as well as with the preferential wind direction. In all cases, the days with the highest PM_10 levels were linked to wind directions coinciding with the location of the enlargement works or the clinker and petroleum coke stocks. Classic source apportionment methodologies (PCA and CMB) were applied to the data, but their interpretation was complex due to the similar chemical signatures of PM originating from direct and fugitive emissions from stocked materials (e.g., clinker), and the enlargement works. To overcome this difficulty, a novel non-statistical approach was used to obtain quantitative estimations of the contributions from sources (petroleum coke and clinker), based on the correlation between specific PM components (e.g., carbonaceous species) and source tracers (e.g., V). Finally, a qualitative test using phenolphthalein was devised to identify the presence of clinker on the filters, which provided positive results. This novel tracer approach is thus recommended for harbour authorities. 相似文献
128.
In this work the application of two levels of N fertilizer (NH4NO3) dissolved in water or olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) diluted 10 or 20 times in water, has been studied in relation to the properties of two soils (Loam and Silt-Clay-Loam). Also, the effect of irrigation water bubbled with CO2 (Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, DIC) was studied. Nitrate N, ammonium N, total N, organic C (OC), and CaCO3 contents were determined in the soil as well as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), and absorbance at 250 and 360 nm. 相似文献
129.
Use of Descriptors of Ecosystem Functioning for Monitoring a National Park Network: A Remote Sensing Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Baseline assessments and monitoring of protected areas are essential for making management decisions, evaluating the effectiveness
of management practices, and tracking the effects of global changes. For these purposes, the analysis of functional attributes
of ecosystems (i.e., different aspects of the exchange of matter and energy) has advantages over the traditional use of structural
attributes, like a quicker response to disturbances and the fact that they are easily monitored through remote sensing. In
this study, we described the spatiotemporal patterns of different aspects of the ecosystem functioning of the Spanish national
parks and their response to environmental changes between 1982 and 2006. To do so, we used the NOAA/AVHRR-GIMMS dataset of
the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a linear estimator of the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation intercepted
by vegetation, which is the main control of carbon gains. Nearly all parks have significantly changed during the last 25 years:
The radiation interception has increased, the contrast between the growing and nongrowing seasons has diminished, and the
dates of maximum and minimum interception have advanced. Some parks concentrated more changes than others and the degree of
change varied depending on their different environmental conditions, management, and conservation histories. Our approach
identified reference conditions and temporal changes for different aspects of ecosystem functioning, which can be used for
management purposes of protected areas in response to global changes. 相似文献
130.
Brominated flame retardants and organochlorines in the European environment using great tit eggs as a biomonitoring tool 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Van den Steen E Pinxten R Jaspers VL Covaci A Barba E Carere C Cichoń M Dubiec A Eeva T Heeb P Kempenaers B Lifjeld JT Lubjuhn T Mänd R Massa B Nilsson JA Norte AC Orell M Podzemny P Sanz JJ Senar JC Soler JJ Sorace A Török J Visser ME Winkel W Eens M 《Environment international》2009,35(2):310-317
Large-scale studies are essential to assess the emission patterns and spatial distribution of organohalogenated pollutants (OHPs) in the environment. Bird eggs have several advantages compared to other environmental media which have previously been used to map the distribution of OHPs. In this study, large-scale geographical variation in the occurrence of OHPs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), was investigated throughout Europe using eggs of a terrestrial residential passerine species, the great tit (Parus major). Great tit eggs from 22 sampling sites, involving urban, rural and remote areas, in 14 European countries were collected and analysed (5-8 eggs per sampling site). The environmentally most important congeners/compounds of the analysed pollutants were detectable in all sampling locations. For PCBs, PBDEs and OCPs, no clear geographical contamination pattern was found. Sum PCB levels ranged from 143 ng/g lipid weight (lw) to 3660 ng/g lw. As expected, PCB concentrations were significantly higher in the sampled urban compared to the remote locations. However, the urban locations did not show significantly higher concentrations compared to the rural locations. Sum PBDEs ranged from 4.0 ng/g lw to 136 ng/g lw. PBDEs were significantly higher in the urbanized sampling locations compared to the other locations. The significant, positive correlation between PCB and PBDE concentrations suggests similar spatial exposure and/or mechanisms of accumulation. Significantly higher levels of OCPs (sum OCPs ranging from 191 ng/g lw to 7830 ng/g lw) were detected in rural sampling locations. Contamination profiles of PCBs, PBDEs and OCPs differed also among the sampling locations, which may be due to local usage and contamination sources. The higher variance among sampling locations for the PCBs and OCPs, suggests that local contamination sources are more important for the PCBs and OCPs compared to the PBDEs. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which bird eggs were used as a monitoring tool for OHPs on such a large geographical scale. 相似文献