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101.
102.
Bartolome J Penuelas J Filella I Llusia J Broncano MJ Plaixats J 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2007,28(4):697-700
Plants usually emit large amount and varieties of volatiles after being damaged by herbivores. However, analytical methods for measuring herbivore-induced volatiles do not normally monitor the whole range of volatiles and the response to large herbivores such as large mammals is much less studied than the response to other herbivores such as insects. In this paper we present the results of using a highly sensitive proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) technique that allows simultaneous monitoring of leaf volatiles in the pptv range. The resulting mass scans in air over Mediterranean shrubland browsed by horses show 70 to 100% higher concentrations of the masses corresponding to mass fragments 57, 43 and 41 (mostly hexenals, acetone and acetic acid) than scans over control non-browsed shrubland. These compounds are biogeochemically active and they are significant components of the volatile organic carbon found in the atmosphere. They influence the performance of living organisms and, the chemical and physical processes of Earth's atmosphere. 相似文献
103.
Laura Bouriaud Mariella Marzano Manfred Lexer Liviu Nichiforel Christopher Reyer Christian Temperli Heli Peltola Ché Elkin Gabriel Duduman Philip Taylor Stephen Bathgate Jose G. Borges Sandra Clerkx Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo Carlos Gracia Geerten Hengeveld Seppo Kellomäki Georgi Kostov Michael Maroschek Bart Muys Gert-Jan Nabuurs Bruce Nicoll Marc Palahí Werner Rammer Duncan Ray Mart-Jan Schelhaas Louise Sing Margarida Tomé Juergen Zell Marc Hanewinkel 《Regional Environmental Change》2015,15(8):1595-1609
104.
Adaptive management and debarking schedule optimization of Quercus suber L. stands under climate change: case study in Chamusca,Portugal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
105.
106.
Modified kaolin clays were used as adsorbents for SO(2) gas adsorptions. The clays were heated up to 900 °C previous to acid treatments with 0.5 N sulfuric acid solutions at boiling temperature during different times up to 1440 min. Equilibrium adsorption at 25 °C and 0.1 MPa was carried out by using a volumetric apparatus. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared analysis. The heating of the clays followed by acid treatment improved the adsorption capacity of the kaolin clays. The presence of amorphous silica and hydroxyl in the final products improved SO(2) adsorption capacity. Better properties for SO(2) adsorption were found in kaolin rich in not well ordered kaolinite clay mineral. 相似文献
107.
Ruth Fernández Susana García-Tiscar M. Begoña Santos Alfredo López Jose A. Martínez-Cedeira Jason Newton Graham J. Pierce 《Marine Biology》2011,158(5):1043-1055
Skin and muscle from 43 bottlenose dolphins (38 juveniles/adults, 5 calves) stranded in NW Spain were analysed to determine
whether stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) could be used to assess dietary variation, habitat segregation and population substructure. Results were compared with
published stomach contents data. Stable isotope ratios from 17 known prey species were also determined. Isotope ratios of
the main prey (blue whiting, hake) varied significantly in relation to fish body size. Dolphin calves showed significant heavy
isotope enrichments compared to adult females. Excluding calves, δ15N decreased with increasing dolphin body size, probably related to an ontogenetic shift in diet towards species at lower trophic
levels, e.g. on blue whiting as suggested by stomach content results. Bottlenose dolphins were divided into two putative populations
(North, South) based on previous genetic studies, and values of δ13C and δ15N differed significantly between these two groups, confirming the existence of population structuring. 相似文献
108.
109.
Celso Markowitsch Jose Luce M. Brandão Torres Marco Aurélio Mata Gonçalves Torres Regina Tomoko Shirasuna Daniela Aparecida Farias Nelson Augusto dos SantosJr. Maria Tereza Grombone-Guaratini 《Chemoecology》2016,26(6):235-246
Merostachys riedeliana Rupr. is a native and overabundant bamboo species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Moderate to strong allelopathic activity may be one mechanism that explains this super-dominance and the changes in structure and composition of forest areas occupied by bamboo. This study evaluated the phytotoxic effect of M. riedeliana extracts and fractions and identified their putative allelochemicals. We investigated the presence of allelochemicals in soil collected from stands occupied by M. riedeliana. Furthermore, we evaluated the putative effect of tree allelochemicals, individually and combined, on germination and growth. The aqueous extract of leaves and its ethyl acetate fraction presented the highest inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth. The effect of the extracts and fractions on the target species was species-specific. Neither the individual nor the combined phenolic acids significantly inhibited seed germination; however, a pronounced growth inhibition was observed in M. bimucronata seedlings treated with vanillic acid and in E. verna and M. bimucronata seedlings treated with combined phenolic acids. Isovitexin, vitexin, isoorientin, orientin, and their O-glycoside derivatives, the lactonic dimer of the p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid were identified in the aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate fraction by Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Dectector/Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry (LC-DAD/ESI–MS/MS). The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS) profile of the same extract and fraction showed the presence of benzoic, benzeneacetic, salicylic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxyphenylacetic, vanillic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic, syringic, gallic, m-coumaric vanillylmandelic, 4-methylmandelic, 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic and trans-ferulic acids. The p-benzoic acid and the apigenin 6-C-glucoside (isovitexin) were identified in the soil extract collected from under bamboo-growing areas. Even though laboratory bioassays are not completely predictive of the allelopathic effects that occur in nature, the results of this study provide preliminary evidence of allelopathy as a possible species-specific inhibition mechanism of native species that explain the impoverishment of floristic richness and the functional groups in areas where M. riedeliana is overabundant. 相似文献
110.
Heidi Schalchli Emilio Hormazabal Jose Becerra Michael Birkett Marysol Alvear Jorge Vidal 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(6):503-513
The antifungal activity of molecular identified Chilean saprobiontic fungi, Trichoderma viride, Schizophyllum commune and Trametes versicolor, on the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, and the saprotrophic mould Mucor miehei was investigated using two types of inhibition bioassay: (1) bi-compartmented Petri dishes and (2) two Erlenmeyer flasks connected by their upper parts. The chemical composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by saprobiontic fungi was also investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Of the saprobiontic fungi evaluated, one isolate of S. commune showed the highest inhibitory activity against B. cinerea and M. miehei, 86.0±5.4 and 99.5±0.5% respectively. The volatile profiles of fungal isolates were shown to contain a different class of compounds. The major components in the headspace of mycelial cultures were 6-pentyl-α -pyrone (T. viride), ethanol and β -bisabolol (S. commune), and a sesquiterpene alcohol (Tr. versicolor). This is the first study reported on the release of VOCs by Chilean native fungi and their antifungal activity wrt. plant pathogenic fungi. 相似文献