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111.
Our study explores the nexus between forests and local communities through participatory assessments and household surveys in the central Himalayan region. Forest dependency was compared among villages surrounded by oak-dominated forests (n = 8) and pine-dominated forests (n = 9). Both quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate variations in the degree of dependency based on proximity to nearest forest type. Households near oak-dominated forests were more dependent on forests (83.8%) compared to households near pine-dominated forests (69.1%). Forest dependency is mainly subsistence-oriented for meeting basic household requirements. Livestock population, cultivated land per household, and non-usage of alternative fuels are the major explanatory drivers of forest dependency. Our findings can help decision and policy makers to establish nested governance mechanisms encouraging prioritized site-specific conservation options among forest-adjacent households. Additionally, income diversification with respect to alternate livelihood sources, institutional reforms, and infrastructure facilities can reduce forest dependency, thereby, allowing sustainable forest management. 相似文献
112.
Climate variability, vulnerability, and coping mechanism in Alaknanda catchment, Central Himalaya, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A study was carried out to discover trends in the rainfall and temperature pattern of the Alaknanda catchment in the Central Himalaya. Data on the annual rainfall, monsoon rainfall for the last decade, and average annual temperatures over the last few decades were analyzed. Nonparametric methods (Mann-Kendall and Sen's method) were employed to identify trends. The Mann-Kendall test shows a decline in rainfall and rise in temperature, and these trends were found to be statistically significant at the 95% confidence level for both transects. Sen's method also confirms this trend. This aspect has to be considered seriously for the simple reason that if the same trend continues in the future, more chances of drought are expected. The impact of climate change has been well perceived by the people of the catchment, and a coping mechanism has been developed at the local level. 相似文献
113.
Himanshu Joshi S. K. Shishodia S. N. Kumar D. K. Saikia B. P. Nauriyal R. P. Mathur P. K. Pande B. S. Mathur N. Puri 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1995,35(3):181-206
A multi-disciplinary research programme on the Ganga River Ecosystem was launched by the Government of India in 1983 to collect information on its attributes. Monitoring of the initial 509 km unpolluted and unmonitored region of the river falling in partly mountainous and partly upper plain stretches for two years revealed good water quality. The Song River (a tributary) catchment, a victim of extensive mining activity in the past, was found to add maximum mineral load. The Bhagirathi River was found to carry maximum suspended solid load. Organic pollution was low throughout, occasionally showing seasonal and local peaks. The river exhibited a high oxidative state with pH falling in a slightly alkaline range and nutrient levels being very low.Diatoms formed a major part of the encountered genera of phytoplankton. Zooplankton were mainly represented by protozoans. Saprophytic bacteria underwent large spatial and temporal fluctuations. Coliforms exhibited an increasing trend with downstream river distance. The source of pollution could not be specifically characterized from an FC/FS ratio. Only one sample tested positive for enteric virus. The forms of benthic macroinvertebrates indicated a clean stream environment. It was observed that diversity indices, together with evenness and community comparison, could provide a promising approach to determine the state of the community.Eight heavy metals investigated, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Mn, Pb, Ni and Co, were found to be present in the river water and bed sediments. The prominent mode of metal transport was found to be via the suspended load. The concentration of dissolved metals was found within WHO permissible limits. The heavy metal status of the Ganga River was compared with other rivers of the world. Sorptive properties of sediments were found to be similar to the general sorptive behaviour of the clays. Laboratory studies exhibited reasonable short t
90 values for coliform survival in Ganga water. Faecal streptococcus survived longer. 相似文献
114.
Jain N Bhatia A Kaushik R Kumar S Joshi HC Pathak H 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,110(1-3):243-255
Molasses-based distilleries generate large quantities of effluent, which is used for irrigation in many countries including
India. The effluent is rich in organic and inorganic ions, which may leach down and pollute the groundwater. An on-farm experiment
was conducted to assess the impact of long-term irrigation with post-methanation distillery effluent (PMDE) on nitrate, sulphate,
chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium contents in the groundwater of two sites in northwest India. Electrical conductivity
(EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and colour were also determined to assess the chemical
load in the groundwater. Nitrate content in the groundwater samples ranged from 16.95 mg L−1 in the unamended fields to 59.81 mg L−1 in the PMDE-amended fields during the 2-year study (2001–2002). Concentrations of TDS in water samples from tubewell of the
amended field was higher by 40.4% over the tubewell water of the unamended field. Colour of the water samples of the amended
fields was also darker than that of the unamended fields. The study indicated that the organic and inorganic ions added through
the effluent could pose a serious threat to the groundwater quality if applied without proper monitoring. 相似文献
115.
Deepmala Joshi Deepak Kumar Mittal Ranjit Kumar Ajai Kumar Srivastav Sunil Kumar Srivastav 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(9):1581-1588
Mercury (Hg) is a potent nephrotoxin. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of Curcuma longa extract and curcumin against HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered HgCl2 (12 μmol kg?1, ip; once only) followed by treatment of Curcuma longa extract (200 mg kg?1, po) and curcumin (80 mg kg?1, po) for three days after 24 h of HgCl2 administration. The present results showed that mercuric chloride administration caused an impairment of renal function system which was evident from significant increase in urea, creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen concentration in serum. In addition, the swelling in glomerulus and degenerated renal tubules with obstructed lumen was also observed by acute mercuric chloride administration. Treatment with Curcuma longa extract and curcumin was effective in restoring all variables of kidney functions near to control group, which was consistent with kidney histoarchitecture. In conclusion, these results suggest that Curcuma longa extract and curcumin protect against HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity. This study could be important for the further understanding of mercury toxicity in renal tissues and in the development of better treatments for people and/or animals exposed to the metal. 相似文献
116.
SUMMARY Over-population in relation to poor land productivity and cultivation in less fertile lands is resulting in land degradation and deforestation in UP hills. Growing demand of more food production and increasing need for more cash in hand have forced the hill people to cultivate all kinds of land, resulting in the denudation of land resources and soil erosion. These changes resulted in out migration of the area's human resource. A new management system for the revival of natural resources and the sustainable utilization of the area's human population and livestock has been proposed, involving active local participation in order to change the existing land-use to a system based on the soil fertility scale. 相似文献
117.
118.
Recent studies on human mtDNA have identified continent-specific restriction enzyme sites and resultant haplogroups among
populations from different regions of the world. Such studies have helped in elaborating the models for human migrations.
We have studied Indian mtDNAs to identify the recognized world ethnic elements present in it. The results presented here are
based on the study of DdeI 10394 site along with the associated Asian-specific AluI 10397 site in the mtDNA sequences of the Indian samples. On examining all the related haplogroups, this study suggests that
the apparent affinities of Indians and East Asians (comprising Chinese, Japanese, Southeast Asians etc.) could be due to a
proto-Asiatic element present in Indians.
Received: 12 April 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 13 January 2000 相似文献
119.
Gururani Prateek Bhatnagar Pooja Bisht Bhawna Kumar Vinod Joshi Naveen Chandra Tomar Mahipal Singh Pathak Beena 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):65062-65082
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cold plasma has been a potent energy-efficient and eco-friendly advanced oxidation technology which has gained attention in recent decades as a... 相似文献
120.
Ruyin Liu Junge Zhu Zhisheng Yu DevRaj Joshi Hongxun Zhang Wenfang Lin Min Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(4):865-874
To understand the impacts of different plumbing materials on long-term biofilm formation in water supply system, we analyzed microbial community compositions in the bulk water and biofilms on faucets with two different materials-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and cast iron, which have been frequently used for more thanlO years. Pyrosequencing was employed to describe both bacterial and eukaryotic microbial compositions. Bacterial communities in the bulk water and biofilm samples were significantly different from each other. Specific bacterial populations colonized on the surface of different materials. Hyphomicrobia and corrosion associated bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus spp., Aquabacterium spp., Limnobacter thiooxidans, and Thiocapsa spp., were the most dominant bacteria identified in the PVC and cast iron biofilms, respectively, suggesting that bacterial colonization on the material surfaces was selective. Mycobacteria and Legionella spp. were common potential pathogenic bacteria occurred in the biofilm samples, but their abundance was different in the two biofilm bacterial communities. In contrast, the biofilm samples showed more similar eukaryotic communities than the bulk water. Notably, potential pathogenic fungi, i.e., Aspergillus spp. and Candida parapsilosis, occurred in similar abundance in both biofilms. These results indicated that microbial community, especially bacterial composition was remarkably affected by the different pipe materials (PVC and cast iron). 相似文献