Optimizing the atmospheric sampling sites using fuzzy mathematic methods

A new approach applying fuzzy mathematic theorems, including the Primary Matrix Element Theorem and the Fisher Classification Method, was established to solve the optimization problem of atmospheric environmental sampling sites. According to its basis, an application in the optimization of sampling sites in the atmospheric environmental monitoring was discussed. The method was proven to be suitable and effective. The results were admitted and applied by the Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) of many cities of China. A set of computer software of this approach was also comuletelv comniled and used.     

浅谈荆马河污水资源化生态工程

遵循可持续发展的原则，针对经济欠发达地区的水环境污染现状，提出了兴建产业化的污水处理生态工程，科学地发展污灌，既有效地改善了京杭运河（徐州段）的水环境质量，又使徐州市城市污水得以资源化利用，对促进环境与社会经济协调发展具有积极意义。     

Carbon mitigation potential and costs of forestry options in Brazil,China, India,Indonesia, Mexico,the Philippines and Tanzania

This paper summarizes studies of carbon (C) mitigation potential and costs of about 40 forestry options in seven developing countries. Each study uses the same methodological approach – Comprehensive Mitigation Assessment Process (COMAP) – to estimate the above parameters between 2000 and 2030. The approach requires the projection of baseline and mitigation land-use scenarios. Coupled with data on a per ha basis on C sequestration or avoidance, and costs and benefits, it allows the estimation of monetary benefit per Mg C, and the total costs and carbon potential. The results show that about half (3.0 Pg C) the cumulative mitigation potential of 6.2 Petagram (Pg) C between 2000 and 2030 in the seven countries (about 200× 10⁶ Mg C yr^-1) could be achieved at a negative cost and the remainder at costs ranging up to $100 Mg C^-1. About 5 Pg C could be achieved, at a cost less than $20 per Mg C. Negative cost potential indicates that non-carbon revenue is sufficient to offset direct costs of these options. The achievable potential is likely to be smaller, however, due to market, institutional, and sociocultural barriers that can delay or prevent the implementation of the analyzed options.     

关于植物化学生态信息的开发与利用

植物的化学信息，早已被人们所关注和利用，目前，该研究已成为生态学和化学生态学中最活跃，最能为社会与生产服务的领域之一，生态系统中的物质流和能量流是资源，而生态学的信息则是更具开发，利用前景的资源。     

Effects of cultivation on N2O emission and seasonal quantitative variations of related microbes in a temperate grassland soil

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Rapid fetal karyotype from cystic hygroma and pleural effusions

Fluid from pleural effusion (n=2) and cystic hygroma (n=7) was obtained from eight fetuses, between 13 and 32 weeks of pregnancy at the time when a conventional prenatal diagnosis procedure was carried out. As these fluids contain lymphocytes, they were processed like peripheral blood. A karyotype was obtained in 4 days in both cases of pleural effusion and in four out of seven samples of cystic hygroma. An abnormal karyotype was detected in three of the four samples of cystic hygroma: two trisomies 21 and a monosomy X. Different parameters were evaluated in order to predict the feasibility of obtaining a cytogenetic diagnosis. Our data showed that if the amount of fluid obtained was ⩾4 ml and the initial lymphocyte count (ILC) was >0.2 × 10⁶ cells/ml, a cytogenetic diagnosis was possible from an initial concentration of cultured lymphocytes )ICCL) of >0.06 × 10⁶ cells/ml.     

大鹏湾春季海水理化因素与拟尖刺菱形藻种群密度的灰色系统模型研究

对1990年3月30日－6月25日在大鹏湾盐田海域的海水采样结果，用灰色理论的系统分析方法研究并计算大鹏湾地区海水中的拟尖刺菱形藻与浮游动物数量等15个海水理化因子变化的灰关联度，关联排序结果表明：浮游动物、Fe、浊度、Me、DO、V、Se、酸碱度、盐度和温度对拟尖刺菱形藻的种群增殖态有着较大的影响。进而建立灰色系统模型{GM（1，h )}对拟尖刺菱形藻种群增殖的动态辨识分析。     

板料液压成形技术的发展动态及应用

介绍了板料液压成形技术的发展 ,尤其是近几年发展起来的径向加压的液压成形、液压成对成形和粘性介质压力成形等 3种金属成形技术 ,以及近几年国外板料液压成形设备的开发和应用情况。     

沙特含硫原油重油清洁化加工方案的探讨

以加工12×10 6 t/a沙特含硫原油为例,采用清洁化生产模式,减压渣油采用溶剂脱沥青+IGCC和延迟焦化+IGCC两种消除高硫沥青和石油焦污染的加工工艺,两种加工工艺的技术经济分析结果表明,两种加工路线在技术方面都是可行的,且经济效益良好