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811.
An innovative method is proposed for approximation of the set of radial diffusion equations governing mass exchange between aqueous bulk phase and intra-particle phase for a hetero-disperse mixture of particles such as those occurring in suspension in surface water, in riverine/estuarine sediment beds, in soils and in aquifer materials. For this purpose the temporal variation of concentration at several uniformly distributed points within a normalized representative particle with spherical, cylindrical or planar shape is fitted with a 2-domain linear reversible mass exchange model. The approximation method is then superposed in order to generalize the model to a hetero-disperse mixture of particles. The method can reduce the computational effort needed in solving the intra-particle mass exchange of a hetero-disperse mixture of particles significantly and also the error due to the approximation is shown to be relatively small. The method is applied to describe desorption batch experiment of 1,2-dichlorobenzene from four different soils with known particle size distributions and it could produce good agreement with experimental data. 相似文献
812.
Parente TE De-Oliveira AC Paumgartten FJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):233-238
The induction of cytochrome P4501A-mediated activity (e.g. ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation, EROD) has been used as a biomarker for monitoring fish exposure to AhR-receptor ligands such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs). In this study we found that hepatic EROD is induced in fish ("Nile tilapia", Oreochromis niloticus and "acará", Geophagus brasiliensis) from the Guandu River (7-17-fold) and Jacarepaguá Lake (7-fold), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Since both cichlid fish are consumed by the local population and the Guandu River is the main source of the drinking water supply for the greater Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, pollution by cytochrome P4501A-inducing chemicals is a cause for concern and should be further investigated in sediments, water and biota. We additionally showed that EROD activity in the fish liver post-mitochondrial supernatant-simpler, cheaper and less time consuming to prepare than the microsomal fraction-is sufficiently sensitive for monitoring purposes. 相似文献
813.
We performed an intensive year-round sampling with the aim of studying the abundance of sponge larvae in four Mediterranean
benthic communities: photophilic algae, sciaphilous algae, semi-obscure (i.e. low light-intensity) caves and sandy bottoms.
We record here for the first time, a larval bloom of Cliona viridis (Schmidt 1862), the most common excavating sponge in the Mediterranean, which took place simultaneously in several rocky
communities of the Blanes sub-littoral (NE Spain), and discuss the role of restricted larval dispersal in the distribution
of adult sponges. In the communities studied, C. viridis larvae bloomed synchronously once, in June. Spawning and consequent embryo development presumably occurred in May, when water
temperature was 16 °C. The free larva is a small, evenly ciliated, weakly swimming parenchymella with low dispersal capabilities.
The number of larvae m−3 and sponge abundance (as percent cover and biomass) were significantly higher in the community of sciaphilous algae than
in the other communities studied. Because of limited larval dispersal, larval and adult abundance in the communities were
positively correlated. Larvae developed into juvenile sponges 10 to 15 d after settlement. Settlers displayed distinctive
features: a peripheral cuticle, vacuolar etching-like cells at the sponge base, absence of oscular chimneys, and the presence
of zooxanthellae, which were presumably transmitted during oocyte maturation.
Received: 24 January 2000 / Accepted: 4 July 2000 相似文献
814.
We investigated the utility of three polymerase chain-reaction (PCR)-based DNA molecular markers in analysing genetic structure
of the populations of the blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach) of Victoria, Australia. The DNA markers included 84 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) bands amplified using
six random primers, two minisatellites, GHR (putative growth-hormone-gene-repeat) and MIPR (putative mollusca-insulin-like
peptide-gene-repeat), and three microsatellites, RUBGT1 [containing (GT)n repeats], RUBCA1 [containing (CA)n repeats] and RUBGACA1 [containing (GACA)n repeats]. All three types of DNA markers revealed significant subdivision in the H. rubra populations along the coastline. This is postulated as being related to the abalone's relatively short pelagic period and
limited dispersion. Further analysis revealed that a Point Cook population sampled from within the semi-enclosed Port Phillip
Bay was distinct from two other central zone populations (Apollo Bay and Cape Schanck). The genotypes of microsatellites indicated
excessive homozygotes across all the populations at all three microsatellite loci, and possible causes such as larval recruitment
pattern and asynchronous spawning are discussed. The excessive homozygotes recorded for the three microsatellite loci contrast
with those observed in the minisatellite loci GHR and MIPR, the heterozygosities of which were at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
Received: 17 March 1999 / Accepted: 24 November 1999 相似文献
815.
816.
X. Wei S.H. Cheng Chris K.C. Wong 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2302-2309
In this study we aimed to assess the dioxin- and estrogen-like activities of contaminants extracted from twenty species of freshwater and seawater fishes, using luciferase reporter assays. Transfected MCF7 cells were treated with sample extracts and luciferase activities were then measured at 24-h of post-treatment. The mean values of the detected dioxin- and estrogen-like activities in the freshwater fishes were 25.3 pg TEQ/g ww and 102.3 pM EEQ/g ww whereas in the seawater fishes, the values were 46.2 pg TEQ/g ww and 118.8 pM EEQ/g ww. Using sample-relevant dosage of estrogen, inductions of cell proliferation markers (i.e. retinoblastoma, cyclin D) and stimulations of cell growth were revealed by Western blotting, colony formation and BrdU uptake assays. A cotreatment with TCDD significantly reduced these effects. Using the sample extracts with different dioxin- and estrogen-like activities, similar observation was revealed. The data highlighted the mixture effect of food contaminants on human health. 相似文献
817.
Enhanced reductive dechlorination of DDT in an anaerobic system of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria and iron oxide 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
F.B. Li X.M. Li S.G. Zhou F. Cao D.Y. Huang T.X. Liu 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1733-5252
The transformation of DDT was studied in an anaerobic system of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (Shewanella decolorationis S12) and iron oxide (α-FeOOH). The results showed that S. decolorationis could reduce DDT into DDD, and DDT transformation rate was accelerated by the presence of α-FeOOH. DDD was observed as the primary transformation product, which was demonstrated to be transformed in the abiotic system of Fe2+ + α-FeOOH and the system of DIRB + α-FeOOH. The intermediates of DDMS and DBP were detected after 9 months, likely suggesting that reductive dechlorination was the main dechlorination pathway of DDT in the iron-reducing system. The enhanced reductive dechlorination of DDT was mainly due to biogenic Fe(II) sorbed on the surface of α-FeOOH, which can serve as a mediator for the transformation of DDT. This study demonstrated the important role of DIRB and iron oxide on DDT and DDD transformation under anaerobic iron-reducing environments. 相似文献
818.
建立环境风险信息系统(ERIS)是加强区域信息共享、提高综合决策能力、扩大公众参与程度的有效方式。针对当前环境风险信息应用中存在的异化问题,基于全面风险管理的理论内涵,遵循信息管理要求,结合环境风险信息特点,通过主体管理、要素控制和资源支持3个方面的协同作用创立了ERIS正四面体模型,提出了ERIS的全过程控制实践结构和信息数据库分层管理体系;从完善支撑体系、提高信息收集能力、强化信息处理决策、增进区域联动和公众参与等5个方面优化建设内容,为大规模区域开发形势下环境安全战略的实施提供参考。 相似文献
819.
X. C. Cong G. S. Yang J. H. Qu M. X. Dai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21336-21349
A study to investigate the dynamical characteristics of particle matter emissions in a working open yard is conducted in Caofeidian Port of Hebei Province, China. The average diurnal concentrations of the total suspended particulate (TSP) matter and respirable particulate matter (PM10 and PM5) are monitored during the field measurement campaign. Sampling is performed at a regular interval at 8 monitoring stations in the yard with normal industrial activities. The average TSP, PM10 and PM5 concentrations range from 285 to 568, 198 to 423 and 189 to 330 μg.m-3 in the yard, respectively. The linear regression correlation coefficient of TSP/PM10 and TSP/PM5 is 0.95±0.01 and 0.88±0.02, respectively.By using the Spearman correlation method, the wind speed and relative humidity are both weakly correlated with the PM10 and PM5 concentrations according to the measurements. In addition, industrial operation activities, such as vehicular traffic in the yard and the loading time of stackers, are significantly positively correlated with the PM concentration. Using the multivariate regression method, the main parameters influencing the TSP concentration variations are integratedly analysed. The traffic volume is found to be a significant predictor of TSP concentration variation, with the smallest P value (P<0.05).To understand the dynamical characteristics of particle emissions in the yard, the emissions from the truck transports, that is, from unpaved haul roads and from the loading process, are established. Then, the dynamical emission factor (EFD) based on the industrial activities in the yard is proposed. The dynamical emissions average 5.25x105 kg.year-1 and EFD is evaluated to be 0.29 kg.(ton.day)-1 during the measurement period. These outcomes have meaningful implications not only for understanding the dynamical characteristics of particle emissions in the working stockyard but also for implementing effective control measures at appropriate sites in the harbour area. 相似文献
820.
Yamamoto F.Y. Pereira M.V.M. Lottermann E. Santos G.S. Stremel T.R.O. Doria H.B. Gusso-Choueri P. Campos S.X. Ortolani-Machado C.F. Cestari M.M. Neto F. Filipak Azevedo J.C.R. Ribeiro C.A. Oliveira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):18111-18128
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Iguaçu River, located at the Southern part of Brazil, has a great socioeconomic and environmental importance due to its high endemic fish... 相似文献