Profiles of cuticular hydrocarbons mediate male mate choice and sexual isolation between hybridising <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysochus</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Summary. Chemical signals frequently underlie sexual isolation between insect species. Our understanding of the evolutionary forces influencing these signaling systems is known for very few systems, challenging both our efforts to understand insect speciation, and our ability to predict long-term changes in the chemical communication systems of insects. Thus, we are in need of more systems in which both the chemical signals causing sexual isolation and the evolutionary forces driving sexual isolation are understood. Sexual isolation in the hybrid zone between Chrysochus cobaltinus and C. auratus has apparently increased in response to natural selection against hybridisation (i.e. reinforcement). Previous experiments suggested that this isolation was due, at least in part, to male preferences for conspecific females. Here, we confirm this role of male choice, and document that male mate choice in this system is influenced by cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles. Specifically, male C. cobaltinus responses to control cadavers and conspecific female cadavers painted with different cuticular hexane extracts, together with analyses of the composition of those extracts, revealed that male mate choice is governed by CHC profiles. Multivariate analyses of GC profiles demonstrated that those profiles are indeed both sex- and species-specific. Although GC-MS enabled identification and quantification of the specific cuticular hydrocarbons, we have not yet determined which individual compounds govern mate choice. Having established that CHCs influence sexual isolation in this system, we can now assess the evolutionary lability of these cues, which will inform both our understanding of speciation, and of the conditions under which the chemical signaling systems that influence mate choice in insects can evolve.     

水解酸化-序批式活性污泥法(ABR-SBR)处理电泳废水的研究

利用水解酸化 (采用缺氧折流板ABR反应器 ) -序批式活性污泥法 (SBR)工艺对汽车电泳涂装工艺废水进行实验研究 ,分析了ABR的反应时间、容积负荷、内置填料对废水可生化性改善的影响及SBR的运行方式、进水 pH、污泥负荷对有机物去除效果的影响     

Pyrene biodegradatin in aqueous solutions and soil slurries by Mycobacterium PYR-1 and enriched consortium

To better understand complex bioavailability issues, pyrene degradation was examined in aqueous and soil slurry solutions using pure Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 and a microbial consortium. The intrinsic rates of the aqueous pyrene degradation were very similar, 1.3 x 10(-9) microg pyrene/CFU-h for Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 and 1.1 x 10(-9) microg pyrene/CFU-h for the consortium. Rates were much lower with the soil-slurry experiments, ranging from 1.2 x 10(-12) to 7.8 x 10(-10) microg/CFU-h, depicting the strong negative effects of soils on bioavailability. Supernatants from the slurry experiments were found to increase the aqueous-phase pyrene solubility significantly. Pyrene solubility was increased from 120.5 to over 230 microg/l. However, the linear adsorption constants of pyrene on the soil were reduced.     

阿哈水库枯水期入库河流可溶性氮、磷含量分布特征

以贵阳市阿哈水库五条入库河流为研究对象,研究了阿哈水库枯水期入库河流水体可溶性氮、磷含量分布特征,可溶性氮组分比例及沿程变化规律。结果表明：五条入库河流水体可溶性氮、磷含量差异较大,可溶性总氮（DTN）、可溶性总磷（DTP）平均含量分别为1.71~9.74 mg/L和0.03~0.52 mg/L。蔡冲河、烂泥沟河、金钟河受人类活动影响较大,水体DTN、DTP含量较高。不同河流水体可溶性氮组分比例差异显著,受人类活动影响小的游鱼河、白岩河,其水体可溶性氮以可溶性有机氮（DON）为主,DON占DTN的比例高达94%。受人类活动影响大的蔡冲河、烂泥沟河、金钟河则相反,以可溶性无机氮（DIN）为主。不同河流氮、磷含量自上到下游沿程波动较大,人为源造成的氮、磷污染远高于自然源。金钟河的DTN、DTP年输入量分别为97.03 t、46.64 t,对阿哈水库的DTN、DTP输入贡献最大,分别达到45%和66%。     

宁夏地区变电工程造价与地质环境影响分析研究

为了系统了解当前宁夏地区变电工程的造价水平现状及趋势变化,提升基建的造价管理水平,对宁夏地区各电压等级变电工程的造价水平和变化趋势进行分析,梳理了引起造价波动的原因。同时,地质环境条件对输变电工程区域规划和战略部署具有重要的意义,还研究分析了湿陷黄土地质对变电工程的影响。通过对宁夏地区变电工程造价以及地质环境影响的分析,为宁夏地区变电工程的开展以及环境的保护等提供有效的参考,也促进宁夏地区电力事业的发展。     

预测低温冷害的门限回归模型

提出用门限回归模型（TR）来描述低温灾害指标变量在灾害状况与非灾害状况的突变性。研制了TR建模的一套简便通用的方案，用笔者改进的遗传算法可同时优化门限值和回归系数，从而解决了TR建模过程所涉及的大量复杂寻优工作这一问题，为TR模型的广泛应用提供了有效工具。实例的计算结果说明了其可行性和有效性。该方案具有通用性，在各种自然灾害时序预测中具有广泛的实用价值。     

采用减隔震支座提高桥梁结构的安全性

研究了减隔震技术对提高桥梁结构抗震安全性的作用 ,采用有限元动力非线性分析程序 ,对设置板式橡胶支座、铅芯橡胶支座的桥梁结构进行了非线性时程分析 ,分析中考虑了桥梁结构与减隔震支座的非线性特性。结果表明铅芯橡胶支座较板式橡胶支座具有较好的抗震性能 ,同时针对采用铅芯橡胶支座的减隔震桥梁 ,分析了支座参数变化对桥梁结构抗震安全性的影响     

陕西未来50年区域旱涝气候预测研究

用陕西省近526a的旱涝等级资料,根据超低频气候振动理论和尺度对应原理,通过旱涝气候对天体物理、太阳活动等周期,特别是ENSO对天体物理显著敏感的周期响应关系的物理统计分析,选取周期概率显著的周期,进行外延叠加集成预测,给出了未来50a陕西省不同区域旱涝趋势的预测结果．     

国内城市环境噪声污染研究进展

城市环境噪声污染是城市四大环境公害之一。是21世纪环境污染控制和人们关注的主要问题，也是环境工作者研究的主要课题之一。本文作者总结了我国学者在城市环境噪声监测点的优化。评价，预测，防治和危害等方面的研究。分析了我国城市环境噪声研究现状和存在的主要问题，并建议城市环境噪声应加强预测，微观单元等方面的研究工作。     

半固态触变成形坯料感应加热的数值模拟

半固态触变成形技术以其降低宏观偏析、减少多孔性、成形力小和近终成形等优点受到广泛关注。在触变成形之前 ,使坯料具有均匀的固 液相分布和球状晶粒是很重要的 ,这就要求加热快而迅速。为满足这一要求 ,目前普遍采用电磁感应加热。文中对感应加热进行了有限元理论分析 ,采用商用有限元软件ANASYS对半固态触变成形坯料感应加热进行了数值模拟 ,模拟了频率、加热时间、线圈电流强度系数、坯料尺寸半径、线圈尺寸大小等参数对坯料温度的影响。