接触氧化工艺处理农村分散污水中试研究

采用接触氧化反应器处理农村分散污水,通过实验确定了适宜的工艺参数,研究表明采用接触氧化反应器处理农村污水,在反应器内溶解氧(DO)质量浓度维持在2.0～4.0 mg/L,水力负荷为3.53 m3/(m2·d)的运行条件下,对COD,NH4+-N及 IN去除率分别达到76.10％,68.12％,60.50％,出水可稳定达到GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准.     

鄂尔多斯节能减排现状及建议

鄂尔多斯作为典型资源型城市,资源性产业在国民经济中长期占据主导地位,因此节能减排任务十分艰巨。本文分析总结了“十一五”以来鄂尔多斯市节能减排取得的成效及采取的主要措施,并在此基础上提出了几点建议。     

The role of coalitions in disaster policymaking

Disasters have the potential to act as focusing events, which can increase the amount of attention on disaster‐related problems and encourage policy action. Understanding of the political characteristics of disaster policymaking is underdeveloped, yet it is known that these features may be dissimilar to those of non‐disaster policy areas, especially concerning the coalitions of policy actors engaged in the disaster policy process. Coalitions in the realm of disaster policy processes may be less likely to form, may look very different, and may have different goals than those in non‐disaster domains. Knowledge of the emergence, composition, and purpose of coalitions in disaster policy is lacking. This paper draws on prior theory and case observations to define and describe the characteristics of a disaster policy subsystem and to build a typology of coalitions that may appear within such a subsystem, providing a foundation upon which scholars can work to study coalition dynamics in disaster policy subsystems.     

2-萘酚生产废水综合治理与资源化利用工程实例

针对2-萘酚生产废水p H值低、色泽深,亚硫酸盐和萘磺酸盐高、COD浓度高的特点,采用酸化脱硫-两级络合萃取-氧化絮凝工艺处理,介绍了专利工艺的流程设计,给出了主要工艺设计参数及投资运行成本。工程运行结果表明,该工艺设计合理、技术成熟、处理效果稳定,2-萘酚生产废水经处理后达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准要求;回收的萘磺酸钠固体可返回2-萘酚生产系统套用;反萃取黑液经蒸发浓缩,合成的减水剂产品各项指标达到或超过GB 8076—2008《混凝土外加剂》高效减水剂指标要求。     

用生态文明打造美丽新徐矿

以十八大提出的建设生态文明、美丽中国为指导,提出了美丽徐矿的概念、定义及目标,总结了近年来徐矿生态文明建设初步实践中取得的成效,明确了了建设美丽徐矿必须坚持的八项基本原则,分析了徐矿生态文明建设新实践中存在的八个方面的主要困难和问题,指出了徐矿生态文明建设新实践中必须实施的十个方面的保障措施。     

A new Dasypodini armadillo (Xenarthra: Cingulata) from San Gregorio Formation,Pliocene of Venezuela: affinities and biogeographic interpretations

We describe Pliodasypus vergelianus gen. et sp. nov., a Dasypodini armadillo from the middle Pliocene of Venezuela (Vergel Member, San Gregorio Formation). Although scarce, the remains are remarkable because of their geochronologic proximity to the main phase of Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). The cladistic analysis conducted reveals that Pliodasypus groups with Dasypus and both are sister taxa of Propraopus, whereas Anadasypus is at a basal position. With respect to the records of tribe Dasypodini, after its oldest representative (Anadasypus, middle and late Miocene), the chronologically subsequent form is Pl. vergelianus (middle Pliocene), followed by Dasypus bellus in higher northern latitudes (late Pliocene), and then by widespread occurrences in the Pleistocene of North America (D. bellus) and South America (Propraopus, Dasypus punctatus, and Dasypus novemcinctus). Thus, we infer that Dasypus differentiated in the late Pliocene at low latitudes in the northern South America. It leads to two alternative hypotheses of dispersal: (a) some early Dasypus remained cryptically in South America until the Pleistocene, whereas others dispersed to North America between 2.2 and 2.7 Ma, or (b) they dispersed to North America subsequently to the emersion of the Panamanian isthmus and D. bellus differentiated there; later, during the Pleistocene, D. bellus entered South America and experienced speciation. The same process of re-ingression has been proposed to other xenarthrans, breaking with the traditional assumption that the GABI was unidirectional.     

A time-compressed simulated geomagnetic storm influences the nest-exiting flight angles of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula

Insects have been used as models for understanding animal orientation. It is well accepted that social insects such as honeybees and ants use different natural cues in their orientation mechanism. A magnetic sensitivity was suggested for the stingless bee Schwarziana quadripunctata, based on the observation of a surprising effect of a geomagnetic storm on the nest-exiting flight angles. Stimulated by this result, in this paper, the effects of a time-compressed simulated geomagnetic storm (TC-SGS) on the nest-exiting flight angles of another stingless bee, Tetragonisca angustula, are presented. Under an applied SGS, either on the horizontal or vertical component of the geomagnetic field, both nest-exiting flight angles, dip and azimuth, are statistically different from those under geomagnetic conditions. The angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of whole stingless bees shows the presence of organized magnetic nanoparticles in their bodies, which indicates this material as a possible magnetic detector.     

Distribution and dietary regulation of an associated facultative Rhizobiales-related bacterium in the omnivorous giant tropical ant,Paraponera clavata

We document a facultative Bartonella-like Rhizobiales bacterium in the giant tropical ant, Paraponera clavata. In a lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica, 59 colonies were assayed for the prevalence of the Bartonella-like bacterium (BLB), 14 of which were positive. We addressed three questions: First, how does the prevalence of BLB within colonies vary with environmental conditions? Second, how does diet affect the prevalence of BLB in P. clavata? Third, how does the distribution of BLB among colonies reflect ambient differences in food resources and foraging habits? A variety of environmental variables that may be predictive of the presence of BLB were measured, and diet manipulations were conducted to test whether the prevalence of BLB responded to supplemental carbohydrate or prey. The ambient frequency of BLB is much higher in young secondary forests, but is nearly absent from older secondary forests. The prevalence of BLB inside field colonies increased over the duration of a 2-week carbohydrate supplementation; however, water and prey supplementation did not alter the prevalence of BLB. The diets of the colonies located in young secondary forest, compared to other habitats, have a diet richer in carbohydrates and lower in prey. The abundance of carbohydrate, or the relative lack of N, in a colony’s diet influences the occurrence of the BLB microbe in P. clavata. As experimental diet manipulations can affect the facultative presence of an N-cycling microbe, a consistent diet shift in diet may facilitate the emergence of tighter symbioses.     

雾霾重污染期间北京居民对高浓度PM2.5持续暴露的健康风险及其损害价值评估

开展短期内高浓度空气污染造成的人体健康风险评价以及健康经济损失研究,对推进城市大气污染防控,保证人民群众的健康水平具有重要的科学价值和实际意义.研究选择2013年1月发生的北京市雾霾重污染事件,采用泊松回归模型评价全市居民对10~15日高浓度PM2.5暴露的急性健康损害风险,并采用环境价值评估方法估算人群健康损害的经济损失.结果表明,短期高浓度PM2.5污染对人群健康风险较高,约造成早逝201例,呼吸系统疾病住院1 056例,心血管疾病住院545例,儿科门诊7 094例,内科门诊16 881例,急性支气管炎10 132例,哮喘7 643例.相关健康经济损失高达4.89亿元(95%CI:2.04~7.49),其中早逝与急性支气管炎、哮喘三者占总损失的90%以上.建议应针对不同人群不同健康终点的健康风险进行健康预警并开展及早医学干预,以降低类似空气重污染事件给居民健康带来的风险和损失.     

城市污泥中温厌氧消化过程中厌氧耐药菌的分布与去除研究

城市污泥中含有大量的耐药菌,具有向环境传播耐药菌与抗性基因的潜在危险,但目前缺乏对城市污泥厌氧消化过程中耐药菌的研究.为此对某城市污水处理厂卵形消化池污泥进行了为期1 a的调查研究,考察了中温厌氧消化过程中四环素类与β-内酰胺类抗生素厌氧耐药菌的污染特征与去除效果,并分析了耐药菌的季节性变化规律.结果表明,厌氧进泥中四环素类耐药菌浓度与耐药率均低于β-内酰胺类.中温厌氧消化过程可以去除1.48~1.64 log单位的耐药菌(P<0.05),但经过厌氧消化后氨苄西林与头孢噻吩耐药率有显著增长(分别增加了12.0%与14.3%,P<0.05).厌氧进泥中耐药菌分布有明显的季节特征,除金霉素耐药菌外,其它耐药菌的浓度均为寒冷季显著高于温暖季(P<0.05).