基于污染损害指数法的深圳水库水质评价与分析

采用基于污染损害指数的普适公式,计算各种污染物的污染损害分指数,并利用广义模糊对比法对分指数进行赋权,求出水质综合污染损害指数。将该方法应用于深圳水库2001年至2007年的水质评价,并对水质变化原因进行了分析。研究结果显示,近7年来深圳水库水质综合污染损害指数从52．61降至9．70,水质类别由Ⅴ类上升至Ⅲ类,呈现明显改善趋势,表明系列治理工程和管理措施成效较为显著。污染损害指数法能够客观反映水体质量状况,使用方便,值得推广。     

Meta-networks for the study of biogeographical traits in ecological networks: the Mexican hummingbird-plant assemblage

Recent studies on ecological networks have quantified the contribution of ecological, historical, and evolutionary factors on the structure of local communities of interacting species. However, the influence of species’ biogeographical traits, such as migratory habits or phylogeographical history, on ecological networks is poorly understood. Meta-networks, i.e., networks that cover large spatial extensions and include species not co-occurring locally, enable us to investigate mechanisms that operate at larger spatial scales such as migratory patterns or phylogeographical distributions, as well as indirect relationships among species through shared partners. Using a meta-network of hummingbird-plant interaction across Mexico, we illustrate the usefulness of this approach by investigating (1) how biogeographical and morphological factors associate with observed interactions and (2) how species-specific biogeographical characteristics associate with species’ network roles. Our results show that all studied hummingbird and plant species in the meta-network were interrelated, either directly or through shared partners. The meta-network was structured into modules, resulting from hummingbirds and plants interacting preferentially with subsets of species, which differed in biogeographical, and, to a lesser extent, morphological traits. Furthermore, migrants and hummingbirds from Nearctic, Transition, and widespread regions had a higher topological importance in the meta-network. Our study illustrates how meta-networks may contribute to our current knowledge on species’ biogeographical traits and biotic interactions, providing a perspective complementary to local-scale networks.     

基于AHP-FCE模型的制药废水处理技术综合评价

制药废水由于具有水质复杂、COD高、有毒有害物浓度高、可生化性差、色度高等特点,处理十分困难。目前制药废水处理技术种类较多,且各项技术均具有各自的特点。为选择合适的制药废水处理技术,构建了制药废水处理技术评价指标体系,确定了评价标准,并采用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合的评价方法(AHP-FCE)对国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(简称“水专项”)研发的13项制药废水处理技术进行了综合评价。结果表明:升流式厌氧污泥床-膜生物反应器(UASB-MBR)组合技术是制药废水处理较优的可行技术,其次为两级分离内循环厌氧反应器和复合氧反应器-好氧反应器(ABR-CASS)生物强化处理技术。研究结果可以为制药企业选择合适的废水处理技术提供支持。     

Effective adsorption of quadrivalent cerium by synthesized laurylsulfonate green rust in a central composite design

The layered laurylsulfonate intercalated green rust (lauryl-S GR) was synthesized to evaluate the influence of synthesis parameters and aqueous conditions on the adsorption of Ce^IV. The maximum adsorption capacity of 305.58 mg/g by lauryl-S GR was predictably obtained. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model was appropriate in fitting the whole uptake process in a weak acid environment. Three isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin were all reliable in depicting the isotherm adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of lauryl-S GR towards Ce^IV was 315.46 mg/g. Ce species including CeO and Ce₂O₃ besides CeO₂ were matched in the XPS distribution, directly indicating the reduction reaction brought by Fe^II in the GR occurred to hydrated Ce^IV ions during the adsorption. Nano-sized Ce particles attached to the lauryl-S GRs after the adsorption experiments were observed in the morphological characterization. Flocculated materials were formed on the surface of the lauryl-S GR at a pH of 7, which further reduced the active sites and disrupted the continuous uptake of Ce^IV to the lauryl-S GR. This study expands the application of GRs and supplies an ideal iron-based material for the construction of the affiliated recovery pathway to the traditional separation of Ce.     

中国典型湖泊四大类抗生素污染特征

基于已有文献资料数据,以中国东部平原湖区（31个）,蒙新湖区（4个）,二龙湖,青海湖及抚仙湖共38个典型湖泊为研究对象,总结分析四大类常用抗生素（四环素类,磺胺类,喹诺酮类和大环内酯类）在湖泊水体和沉积物中的污染特征.结果表明,四大类抗生素污染在中国典型湖泊中普遍存在,其中水体中抗生素污染水平依次为磺胺类（2147ng/L） > 喹诺酮类（1458ng/L） > 四环素类（481ng/L） > 大环内酯类（205ng/L）,沉积物中抗生素的分布具有垂向差异特征,表层沉积物抗生素浓度高于深层沉积物.抗生素检出浓度在不同湖区间存在较大差异,其中东部平原湖区水体和沉积物中抗生素浓度显著高于其他湖区.相比入湖河流,湖区（如太湖贡湖湾和青海湖）水体中抗生素污染相对较高,表明湖区可能作为抗生素的汇集地.湖泊水体中的抗生素浓度分布呈现季节性差异,如太湖水体中抗生素浓度在春,夏及冬季高于秋季,而鄱阳湖,白洋淀和二龙湖在旱季（4月）高于雨季（8月）;而湖泊沉积物中抗生素季节性差异较不明显,这可能与抗生素在沉积物中的迁移性有关.     

Chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling: an advanced biomass combustion technology to avoid CO2 emissions

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Bioenergy with carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (BECCS) technologies represent an interesting option to reach negative carbon...     

低温域湿地植物根际硝化强度及氨氧化微生物研究

以低温域(0~15 ℃)下黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)和香蒲(Typha orientalis)3种湿地植物为研究对象,分别取其根际土壤测定硝化强度,并采用FISH(荧光原位杂交)技术,考察植物根际AOB(氨氧化细菌)、AOA(氨氧化古菌)的数量变化规律. 结果表明:低温条件下,香蒲根际土壤的硝化强度最高,平均值为1.40 mg/(kg·h),黄菖蒲和菖蒲的平均值均为0.96 mg/(kg·h). 湿地植物根际土壤中的细菌数量(数量级为1010)远高于古菌(数量级为108),其中AOB为优势菌种,3种湿地植物的AOA数量分别约占总古菌数量的46.0%、47.9%和49.7%. 3种湿地植物根际AOB的数量(以湿土计,下同)排序为香蒲(2.57×109 g-1)>黄菖蒲(1.23×109 g-1)≈菖蒲(1.14×109 g-1),AOA的数量(以湿土计)排序为黄菖蒲(2.78×108 g-1)>香蒲(2.57×108 g-1)>菖蒲(1.15×108 g-1). 微生物分布特性和硝化作用效果均表明,不同植物根际氨氧化过程的主要作用微生物具有一定差异,AOA和AOB对于湿地土壤氮转化均具有不可忽视的作用,并与植物本体、土壤硝化过程微环境之间有一定的耦合关系.      

矿山环境质量评价指标体系及层次分析法评价

根据矿山环境评价指标体系设计的原则,利用模糊数学理论的分级别的隶属度量化对初选的指标体系进行优化,形成矿山环境质量评价指标体系．在此基础上运用层次分析法对指标权值进行确定,建立矿山环境质量评价体系模型,此模型为矿山环境的评价与治理提供决策支持服务。     

磁性铁基改性生物炭去除水中氨氮

氨氮的过度排放是水体富营养化的一个重要原因.然而,随着环境法规的日益严格,传统方法处理效果难以达到要求.吸附法因高效、安全等优点近年来开始应用于去除水中的氨氮.本研究中以共沉淀法将磁性铁基材料负载到市政污泥生物炭上,结果表明其对水中氨氮有良好的去除效果.80℃下合成的材料(MB80)在293 K下对氨氮的饱和吸附量可达...