菇渣作为有机栽培基质好氧改性的实验

研究分别以珍珠岩、菌种、猪粪作为添加料,对菇渣静态垛好氧发酵效果的影响。结果表明,菇渣+猪粪处理50℃以上的高温维持时间更长,挥发性固体(VS)和C/N下降幅度更高,有利于菇渣好氧发酵达到腐熟的状态。堆体内温度出现层次效应,高温发酵阶段下层温度高于中层温度,稳定阶段中层温度高于下层,堆体上层温度始终低于中下层。     

固定化活性污泥实现短程硝化反硝化处理畜禽废水

以畜禽废水为处理对象,通过分别控制水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、温度和碳氮比(C/N)等影响亚硝化的主要单因子,以使固定化活性污泥颗粒实现短程硝化反硝化反应,在连续流运行模式下进行废水脱氮实验,实验结果表明,单因子HRT为10 h,溶解氧为4 mg/L,pH值为8.5,温度为30℃,碳氮比为10时,对TN和COD的去除率分别为81.98%、93.79%;87.32%、98.35%;83.82%、93.93%;85%、97%;85.37%、97.28%,达到了理想的去除效果。     

Visible-light-induced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) with coupled Bi2O3/TiO2 photocatalyst and the synergistic bisphenol A oxidation

Coupled Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ photocatalysts were fabricated by sol–gel and hydrothermal methods and characterized using various spectroscopy techniques. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution, together with the synergistic effect of photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA), was investigated using these coupled Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ under visible-light irradiation. Coupling of Bi₂O₃ inhibited the phase transformation from anatase to rutile and extended absorption region to visible light. Bi ions did not enter TiO₂ lattice and were more likely to bond with oxygen atoms to form Bi₂O₃ on the surface of TiO₂. Photovoltage signals in visible range revealed the effective interfacial charge transfer between Bi₂O₃ and TiO₂. Two percent Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity of visible-light-induced reduction of Cr(VI). The addition of BPA effectively increased the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). Simultaneously, the presence of Cr(VI) promoted the degradation of BPA, which was demonstrated by the investigation of TOC removal yield and generated intermediates. A possible mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of BPA in Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ system was proposed. The synergistic effect, observed between reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of BPA, provides beneficial method for environmental remediation and purification of the complex wastewater.     

混合胺MEA＋DETA吸收CO2的影响因素

以MEA为主体,DETA为添加剂,考察1h内,在温度298～338K,压力300～700kPa,混合胺溶液初始浓度（质量分数）4％～20％范围内,MEA＋DETA不同配比的混合吸收剂吸收CO2的特性。获得MEA＋DETA混合胺吸收CO2的最佳吸收条件为：308K、500kPa、总胺质量浓度为20％,MEA与DETA的配比为8：2。     

K+对肝素钠废水厌氧生物处理中污泥性能的影响

以肝素钠生产废水为研究对象,研究了不同盐浓度下K+对厌氧污泥性能的影响。实验结果表明:在ρ(NaCl)小于8000mg/L的低盐浓度条件下,K+对污泥的解抑作用不明显;在ρ(NaCl)大于16000mg/L的高盐浓度条件下,K+对污泥表现出解抑作用。ρ(NaCl)为24000mg/L、K+加入量为60mg/L时,COD去除率、产气量和甲烷体积分数相比空白对照组分别提高了17.1%、43.3%和71.8%,氨化率变化不大,均在32%左右。     

产酸克雷伯氏菌Klebsiella oxytoca对硝基苯及4-氯硝基苯的降解

硝基苯类化合物生物降解菌的筛选及性能研究,是制药、染料等行业废水达标的重要基础。以浓度梯度升高法筛选到一株硝基苯厌氧降解菌Klebsiella oxytoca NBA-1。考察了该菌对氧气的需求,以及在厌氧条件下,温度、pH值、外加葡萄糖及硝基苯初始浓度等环境因子对菌株降解硝基苯能力的影响,并进一步讨论菌株对氯取代硝基苯类化合物的降解情况。结果表明,该菌在厌氧条件下生长比好氧条件下慢,但降解速度更快;厌氧降解硝基苯的最佳pH值和温度和分别为8.3和30~35℃;加入0.3%~0.5%的葡萄糖可促进降解,且对300 mg/L以下的硝基苯均有降解能力;该菌能将4-氯硝基苯转化为4-氯苯胺,并进一步脱氯为苯胺。研究结果可为硝基苯及含氯硝基苯的处理工艺选择提供相关的参考依据。     

填充床电化学反应器催化氧化法降解苯酚工艺条件的优化

采用填充床电化学反应器,以Na2SO4为支持电解质,分别以IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti和PbO2/Ti为阳极,以Ti板为阴极催化氧化降解苯酚。考察了电流密度和进水流量对废水COD去除率、平均电流效率(ACE)和电耗(Esp)的影响。实验结果表明:PbO2/Ti阳极电催化氧化苯酚的效率高于IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti阳极,且PbO2/Ti阳极有更高的ACE和更低的Esp;在以PbO2/Ti为阳极、电流密度为100 A/m2、进水流量为0.8 L/h的条件下,COD去除率最高为90.59%,ACE较高,Esp较低。     

冬季生态浮床对浮游藻类数量及生物多样性的影响

为了考察生态浮床在冬季的运行效果,选择世博园区白莲泾生态浮床工程为研究对象,研究了冬季生态浮床对浮游藻类数量及生物多样性的影响。结果表明,取样期间浮游藻类生物总量逐月增加,且对照区明显高于浮床区;浮床区与对照区浮游藻类的种群结构差异明显,浮床区以硅藻门为主,而对照区以绿藻门为主。并且,小环藻与细微颤藻的优势度指数均有明显的下降。同时,浮床区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数明显高于对照区。以上结果均证明,虽然在冬季较低温的情况下水生植物新陈代谢缓慢,但生态浮床仍会影响浮游藻类的数量及生物多样性,从而对水质净化起到一定的改善作用。     

典型场地地下水污染源强分级评价方法研究

地下水污染程度评价是地下水研究领域的研究热点。以场地浅层地下水为研究对象,基于目前国内工业场地有无防渗措施的分类原则,综合考虑污染源和场地包气带特征因子,构建了地下水污染源强分级评价指标体系。将修正的内梅罗污染指数法应用于污染源危害性分级,并将改进后的DRTAS模型应用于包气带阻控性分级,利用矩阵法构建两方面多因素耦合模型,最后形成了适合典型工业场地的地下水污染源强分级评价的方法。选择4个典型污染场地对评价方法进行实地验证,分析结果表明,对于已建的或拟建的有防渗措施的项目,污染源危害性是造成场地地下水污染的主因;对于已建的无防渗措施项目,污染源危害性和包气带阻控性共同决定地下水污染源强。场地评价结果与水质监测报告结论相符,说明本研究建立的分级评价方法对于地下水污染的预防和控制具有借鉴意义。     

A three-step approach to minimise the impact of a mining site on vicuña (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicugna vicugna</Emphasis>) and to restore landscape connectivity

Resource extraction projects generate a diversity of negative effects on the environment that are difficult to predict and mitigate. Consequently, adaptive management approaches have been advocated to develop effective responses to impacts that were not predicted. Mammal populations living in or around mine sites are frequently of management concern; yet, there is a dearth of published information on how to minimise the negative effects of different phases of mining operations on them. Here, we present the case study of a copper mine in the Chilean Altiplano, which caused roadkills of the protected vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). This issue led to a three-step solution being implemented: (1) the initial identification of the problem and implementation of an emergency response, (2) the scientific analysis for decision making and (3) the planning and informed implementation of responses for different future scenarios and timescales. The measures taken under each of these steps provide examples of environmental management approaches that make use of scientific information to develop integrated management responses. In brief, our case study showed how (1) the timescale and the necessity/urgency of the case were addressed, (2) the various stakeholders involved were taken into account and (3) changes were included into the physical, human and organisational elements of the company to achieve the stated objectives.