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391.
Reyhan Akçaalan Meric Albay Latife Koker Julia Baudart Delphine Guillebault Sabine Fischer Wilfried Weigel Linda K. Medlin 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(1):42
Monitoring drinking water quality is an important public health issue. Two objectives from the 4 years, six nations, EU Project μAqua were to develop hierarchically specific probes to detect and quantify pathogens in drinking water using a PCR-free microarray platform and to design a standardised water sampling program from different sources in Europe to obtain sufficient material for downstream analysis. Our phylochip contains barcodes (probes) that specifically identify freshwater pathogens that are human health risks in a taxonomic hierarchical fashion such that if species is present, the entire taxonomic hierarchy (genus, family, order, phylum, kingdom) leading to it must also be present, which avoids false positives. Molecular tools are more rapid, accurate and reliable than traditional methods, which means faster mitigation strategies with less harm to humans and the community. We present microarray results for the presence of freshwater pathogens from a Turkish lake used drinking water and inferred cyanobacterial cell equivalents from samples concentrated from 40 into 1 L in 45 min using hollow fibre filters. In two companion studies from the same samples, cyanobacterial toxins were analysed using chemical methods and those dates with highest toxin values also had highest cell equivalents as inferred from this microarray study. 相似文献
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John Turnpenny Måns Nilsson Duncan Russel Andrew Jordan Julia Hertin Björn Nykvist 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2008,51(6):759-775
Widely advocated as a means to make policy making more integrated, policy assessment remains weakly integrated in practice. But explanations for this shortfall, such as lack of staff training and resources, ignore more fundamental institutional factors. This paper identifies institutional capacities supporting and constraining attempts to make policy assessment more integrated. A comparative empirical analysis of functionally equivalent assessment systems in four European jurisdictions finds that there are wide-ranging institutional constraints upon integration. These include international policy commitments, the perception that assessment should support rather than determine policy, organisational traditions, and the sectorisation of policy making. This paper concludes by exploring the potential for altering these institutions to make policy assessment more integrated. 相似文献
394.
A small fraction of the naphtha diluent used for oil sands processing escapes with tailings and supports methane (CH(4)) biogenesis in large anaerobic settling basins such as Mildred Lake Settling Basin (MLSB) in northern Alberta, Canada. Based on the rate of naphtha metabolism in tailings incubated in laboratory microcosms, a kinetic model comprising lag phase, rate of hydrocarbon metabolism and conversion to CH(4) was developed to predict CH(4) biogenesis and flux from MLSB. Zero- and first-order kinetic models, respectively predicted generation of 5.4 and 5.1 mmol CH(4) in naphtha-amended microcosms compared to 5.3 (+/-0.2) mmol CH(4) measured in microcosms during 46 weeks of incubation. These kinetic models also predicted well the CH(4) produced by tailings amended with either naphtha-range n-alkanes or BTEX compounds at concentrations similar to those expected in MLSB. Considering 25% of MLSB's 200 million m(3) tailings volume to be methanogenic, the zero- and first-order kinetic models applied over a wide range of naphtha concentrations (0.01-1.0 wt%) predicted production of 8.9-400 million l CH(4) day(-1) from MLSB, which exceeds the estimated production of 3-43 million l CH(4) day(-1). This discrepancy may result from heterogeneity and density of the tailings, presence of nutrients in the microcosms, and/or overestimation of the readily biodegradable fraction of the naphtha in MLSB tailings. 相似文献
395.
Diaz LF 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2006,26(3):207-208
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Vondracek B Blann KL Cox CB Nerbonne JF Mumford KG Nerbonne BA Sovell LA Zimmerman JK 《Environmental management》2005,36(6):775-791
We synthesized nine studies that examined the influence of land use at different spatial scales in structuring biotic assemblages
and stream channel characteristics in southeastern Minnesota streams. Recent studies have disagreed about the relative importance
of catchment versus local characteristics in explaining variation in fish assemblages. Our synthesis indicates that both riparian-
and catchment-scale land use explained significant variation in water quality, channel morphology, and fish distribution and
density. Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages can be positively affected by increasing the extent of perennial riparian
and upland vegetation. Our synthesis is robust; more than 425 stream reaches were examined in an area that includes a portion
of three ecoregions. Fishes ranged from coldwater to warmwater adapted. We suggest that efforts to rehabilitate stream system
form and function over the long term should focus on increasing perennial vegetation in both riparian areas and uplands and
on managing vegetation in large, contiguous blocks.
Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsered by U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources
Division, the University of Minnesota, The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and the Wildlife Management Institute. 相似文献
399.
Julia B. Edwards 《Journal of Safety Research》1998,29(4):249-262
Road accident severity may be influenced by a number of factors. This article investigates the relationship between weather and road accidents in England and Wales. The weather information recorded on Police Accident Report Forms was taken as the prevailing weather at the time of the accident. At the local authority level, accident severity for the various adverse weather categories of rain, fog, and high winds is compared with the nonhazardous condition of fine weather. Severity ratios are then calculated. Findings establish that accident severity decreases significantly in rain compared with fine weather, while severity in fog shows geographical variation. Evidence for accident severity in high winds remains inconclusive. 相似文献
400.