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101.
Maísa Tatiane Ferreira de Souza Elizangela Ambrosio Cibele Andrade de Almeida Thábata Karoliny Formicoli de Souza Freitas Lídia Brizola Santos Vitor de Cinque Almeida Juliana Carla Garcia 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):5261-5271
The goal of this study was to investigate the activity of the coagulant extracted from the cactus Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) in the process of coagulation/flocculation of textile effluents. Preliminary tests of a kaolinite suspension achieved maximum turbidity removal of 95 % using an NaCl extraction solution. Optimization assays were conducted with actual effluents using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken experimental design. The responses of the variables FeCl3, dosage, cactus dosage, and pH in the removal of COD and turbidity from both effluents were investigated. The optimum conditions determined for jeans washing laundry effluent were the following: FeCl3 160 mg L?1, cactus dosage 2.60 mg L?1, and pH 5.0. For the fabric dyeing effluent, the optimum conditions were the following: FeCl3 640 mg L?1, cactus dosage 160 mg L?1, and pH 6.0. Investigation of the effects of the storage time and temperature of the cactus O. ficus-indica showed that coagulation efficiency was not significantly affected for storage at room temperature for up to 4 days. 相似文献
102.
Amendment of a soil slurry with low concentrations of a cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD), (0.05-0.5 g l(-1)) increased the phenanthrene mineralization rate of a microbial consortium by 25% under Fe(III)-reducing conditions. Although a higher concentration (5.0 g l(-1)) resulted in a faster initial rate of mineralization, mineralization ceased after 25 days with maximum mineralization 17% lower than the control (no HPCD). At lower HPCD concentrations, mineralization was still taking place at day 76. Although pH should affect Fe(III) solubility, mineralization rates at pH 6.0 and 8.0 were comparable. Decreasing the temperature reduced the extent and rate of mineralization, but mineralization rates at 10 degrees C were still 60% of that obtained at 30 degrees C. 相似文献
103.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered to act additively when exposed as congener mixtures. Additive internal concentrations at the site of toxic action is the basis for recent efforts to establish a sum PAH guideline for sediment-associated PAH toxicity. This study determined the toxicity of several PAH congeners on a body residue basis in Diporeia spp. These values were compared to the previously established LR(50) value for a PAH mixture based on the molar sum of PAH congeners and demonstrated similar LR(50) values for individual PAH. These results support the contention that the PAH act at the same molar concentration whether present as individual compounds or in mixture. Aqueous exposures were conducted for 28 d, and the water was exchanged daily to maintain the exposure concentration. The concentration in the exposures declined by an average of 22% between water exchanges across all compounds, and ranged from 11% to 32%. The toxicokinetics were determined using both time-weighted-average (TWA) and time-variable water concentrations and were not statistically different between the two source functions. Toxicity was determined for both mortality and immobility (failure to swim on prodding) and on both a TWA water concentration and a body residue basis. The LC(50) values ranged from 1757 microg l(-1) for naphthalene after 10 d exposure to 79.1 microg l(-1) for pyrene after 28 d exposure, and the EC(50) ranged from 1587 microg l(-1) for naphthalene after 10 d exposure to 38.2 microg l(-1) for pyrene after 28 d exposure. The LR(50) values for all congeners at all lengths of exposure were essentially constant and averaged 7.5+/-2.6 micromol g(-1), while the ER(50) for immobility averaged 2.6+/-0.6 micromol g(-1). The bioconcentration factor declined with increasing exposure concentration and was driven primarily by a lower uptake rate with increasing dose, while the elimination remained essentially constant for each compound. 相似文献
104.
Justin?R.?St. Juliana Rachel?M.?Bowden Fredric?J.?JanzenEmail author 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,56(3):270-278
Theory suggests that maternal effects are especially important in organisms with environmentally-sensitive sex-determining mechanisms. However, there is no substantive body of empirical evidence to confirm this conjecture. We integrated field and laboratory studies to jointly evaluate the significance of behavioral (nest-site choice) and physiological (yolk hormone allocation) maternal effects on offspring sex ratio in the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), a species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Of the 16 microhabitat variables measured, only three (south, east, and total overstory vegetation cover) were significantly correlated with nest temperature: cooler nests were located under more vegetation cover. In turn, these microhabitat predictors of nest temperature, and nest temperature itself, may influence nest sex ratio: shadier, cooler nests were more likely to produce a higher proportion of male offspring than less shady, warmer nests. Analysis of eggs from these same nests incubated in a common garden design in the laboratory revealed that clutch sex ratio was unaffected by levels of yolk estradiol, yolk testosterone, or their interaction. Examination of both behavioral and physiological maternal effects revealed no concordant impact on offspring sex ratio. However, eggs from nests that produced male-biased sex ratios in the field yielded higher proportions of males under constant-temperature conditions in the laboratory. Our study confirms the importance of behavioral maternal effects in nature on offspring sex ratios in species with TSD, while also revealing the potential presence of a predisposition for sex-ratio production underlying TSD in this system.Communicated by S. Krackow 相似文献
105.
This work is intended to show the characterization of three effluents (X, Y, and Z) derived from laboratory analyses conducted in the quality control department of a beneficiated bentonite products factory in order to present alternatives for their treatment and final disposal according to Brazil's National Solid Waste Policy (Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos – PNRS, Law 12,305/2010, Brazil). Analyses to identify the characteristics of the effluents revealed that the pH, salinity, electroconductivity, and total dissolved solids were in agreement with the organic and mineral nature of the effluent constituents: solvent, clay minerals, water, and activating agent. To assess reuse proposals, the effluents were subjected to the following tests: (a) swelling characteristic with effluent X, (b) petrochemical characterization of Y, and (c) swelling characteristic using commercial solvent and activated clay produced with effluent Z. Preliminary results indicate that each of these effluents can be reused variously in the laboratory, as a fuel, or in the original analysis/process. 相似文献
106.
Tisca Juliana F. dos Santos Karin Pessati Tomás B. Zacchi Flávia L. Soares Fabíola S. Oliveira Vanessa A. Bebianno Maria J. A. F. Bainy Afonso C. D. Razzera Guilherme 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(22):27823-27824
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13135-x 相似文献
107.
108.
Sandro José de Andrade Joyce Cristale Flávio Soares Silva Guilherme Julião Zocolo Mary R.R. Marchi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(24):2913-2919
In Brazil, sugar-cane crops are burned to facilitate harvesting, and this causes environmental pollution from the large amounts of smoke and soot that are released into the atmosphere. The smoke and soot contain numerous organic compounds such as PAHs. In this study, PM10 and PAH concentrations in the air of Araraquara (SE Brazil, with around 200,000 inhabitants and surrounded by sugar-cane plantations) were determined during the harvest and non-harvest seasons. The sampling strategy included two campaigns in each season, with 20 samples per season. PM10 was collected using a Hi-vol sampler with Teflon? – coated glass fiber filters. PM10 ranged from 41 to 181 μg m?3 during the harvest season, and from 12 to 47 μg m?3 during the non-harvest season. The mean total concentration of PAHs was 2.5 ng m?3 (non-harvest season) and 11.6 ng m?3 (harvest season). In all sampling periods, the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were phenanthrene and fluoranthrene, and the least abundant was anthracene. The cluster analysis of the total PAH concentrations for each day of sampling and the corresponding meteorological data suggested that the atmospheric concentration of PAHs was independent of the differences in the weather between the seasons. For both sampling seasons, the statistical treatment (PCA, Varimax rotation and HCA) indicated the presence of vehicle sources (diesel, gasoline, and natural-gas engines); but for the harvest season, the main source was attributed to sugar-cane burning. The data generated by this study indicated the burning of sugar-cane as the main contributor to the high levels of PAHs detected in samples during the sugar-cane harvest season. 相似文献
109.
Dias Marcela França Leroy-Freitas Deborah Machado Elayne Cristina da Silva Santos Leticia Leal Cintia Dutra da Rocha Fernandes Gabriel de Araújo Juliana Calábria 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(24):36088-36099
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Wastewater tertiary treatment has been pointed out as an effective alternative for reducing the concentration of antibiotic resistant bacteria and... 相似文献
110.
Lastre-Acosta Arlen Mabel Rocha Carolina Mendes Mendes Maria Anita Teixeira Antonio Carlos Silva Costa do Nascimento Claudio Augusto Oller 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42231-42241
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of highly toxic, resistant, and persistent organic pollutants, among which 2-chlorobiphenyl (PCB-1) is... 相似文献