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611.
Pedogenesis and nickel biogeochemistry in a typical Albanian ultramafic toposequence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aida Bani Guillaume Echevarria Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier Fran Gjoka Sulejman Sulçe Jean Louis Morel 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(7):4431-4442
This study aimed at relating the variability of Ni biogeochemistry along the ultramafic toposequence to pedogenesis and soil mineralogy. Hypereutric Cambisols dominate upslope; Cambic Vertisols and Fluvic Cambisols occur downslope. The soil mineralogy showed abundance of primary serpentine all over the sequence. It is predominant upslope but secondary smectites dominate in the Vertisols. Free Fe-oxides are abundant in all soils but slightly more abundant in the upslope soils. Whereas serpentines hold Ni in a similar and restricted range in every soil (approx. 0.3 %), Ni contents in smectites may vary a lot and Mg-rich and Al-poor smectites in the Vertisol could hold up to 4.9 % Ni. Ni was probably adsorbed onto amorphous Fe-oxides and was also exchangeable in secondary smectites. High availability of Ni in soils was confirmed by DTPA extractions. However, it varied significantly along the toposequence, being higher in upslope soils, where Ni-bearing amorphous Fe-oxides were abundant and total organic carbon higher and sensibly lower downslope on the Vertisols: NiDTPA varied from 285 mg kg?1 in the surface of soil I (upslope) to 95.9 mg kg?1 in the surface of Fluvic Cambisols. Concentration of Ni in Alyssum murale shoots varied from 0.7 % (Hypereutric Cambisols) to 1.4 % (Hypereutric Vertisol). Amazingly, Ni uptake by A. murale was not correlated to NiDTPA, suggesting the existence of specific edaphic conditions that affect the ecophysiology of A. murale upslope. 相似文献
612.
Ayrault S Priadi CR Evrard O Lefèvre I Bonté P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2010,12(11):2177-2185
Records on pollution by metals of minor economic importance (e.g. silver and thallium) but which prove to be toxic are rarely documented in river sediment. This study used two sediment cores collected downstream of the Seine River to describe the temporal evolution of Ag and Tl concentrations in an urban catchment. Radionuclide analysis (i.e. Cs-137 and Pb-210) allowed dating sediment deposition within the cores (1933-2003). Ag concentration reached maximum values of 14.3-24.6 mg kg(-1) in the 1960s and 1970s, before gradually decreasing up to values which approximated 4 mg kg(-1) in 2003. In contrast, Tl concentrations remained roughly constant throughout the core (median value of 0.86 mg kg(-1)). Suspended solids was collected at upstream locations in the catchment to derive the background concentrations in Ag and Tl. Very high Ag concentrations were measured in the upstream Seine River sites (0.33-0.59 mg kg(-1)), compared to the values reported in the literature (0.055 mg kg(-1)). This suggests the presence of a widespread and ancient Ag pollution in the Seine River basin, as demonstrated by the very high Ag enrichment ratios recorded in the cores. Annual flux of particulate Ag in the Seine River was estimated at 1.7 t yr(-1) in 2003. In contrast, Tl concentrations remained in the same order of magnitude as the natural background signal (0.3-0.5 mg kg(-1)). This study suggests that the Seine River basin is free of Tl contamination. Future concerns should hence mostly rely on Ag contamination, in a context of increasing Ag uses and possible releases to the environment. 相似文献
613.
In this study, pollen grains in the atmosphere of Bilecik were studied for a continuous period of 2 years (2005 and 2006) by using Durham sampler. During this period, pollen grains belonging to 46 taxa were recorded, 26 of which belonged to arboreal plants and 20 to non-arboreal. Of total 14,269 pollen grains determined in Bilecik atmosphere, 6,675 were recorded in 2005 and 7,594 were in 2006. From these, 75.74% were arboreal, 21.80% were non-arboreal and 2.47% unidentifiable. Pinus sp., Poaceae, Cupressaceae, Platanus sp., Quercus sp., Salix sp., Ailanthus sp., Fagus sp., Urticaceae, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae were the main pollen producers in the atmosphere of Bilecik, respectively. Pollen concentrations reached their highest levels in May. Atmospheric pollen concentrations in February, March, September, October and November were less than those in other months. 相似文献
614.
Florent Joerin Geneviève Cool Manuel J. Rodriguez Marc Gignac Christian Bouchard 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,166(1-4):313-330
Outbreaks of microbiological waterborne disease have increased governmental concern regarding the importance of drinking water safety. Considering the multi-barrier approach to safe drinking water may improve management decisions to reduce contamination risks. However, the application of this approach must consider numerous and diverse kinds of information simultaneously. This makes it difficult for authorities to apply the approach to decision making. For this reason, multi-criteria decision analysis can be helpful in applying the multi-barrier approach to vulnerability assessment. The goal of this study is to propose an approach based on a multi-criteria analysis method in order to rank drinking water systems (DWUs) based on their vulnerability to microbiological contamination. This approach is illustrated with an application carried out on 28 DWUs supplied by groundwater in the Province of Québec, Canada. The multi-criteria analysis method chosen is measuring attractiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique methodology allowing the assessment of a microbiological vulnerability indicator (MVI) for each DWU. Results are presented on a scale ranking DWUs from less vulnerable to most vulnerable to contamination. MVI results are tested using a sensitivity analysis on barrier weights and they are also compared with historical data on contamination at the utilities. The investigation demonstrates that MVI provides a good representation of the vulnerability of DWUs to microbiological contamination. 相似文献
615.
Pawel Wasowicz Alexander N. Sennikov Kristine B. Westergaard Katie Spellman Matthew Carlson Lynn J. Gillespie Jeffery M. Saarela Steven S. Seefeldt Bruce Bennett Christian Bay Stefanie Ickert-Bond Henry Vre 《Ambio》2020,49(3):693-703
We present a comprehensive list of non-native vascular plants known from the Arctic, explore their geographic distribution, analyze the extent of naturalization and invasion among 23 subregions of the Arctic, and examine pathways of introductions. The presence of 341 non-native taxa in the Arctic was confirmed, of which 188 are naturalized in at least one of the 23 regions. A small number of taxa (11) are considered invasive; these plants are known from just three regions. In several Arctic regions there are no naturalized non-native taxa recorded and the majority of Arctic regions have a low number of naturalized taxa. Analyses of the non-native vascular plant flora identified two main biogeographic clusters within the Arctic: American and Asiatic. Among all pathways, seed contamination and transport by vehicles have contributed the most to non-native plant introduction in the Arctic. 相似文献
616.
Kacem Imène Kahloul Mohamed Hafsia Meriam Aroui Haifa Maoua Maher Ajmi Mohamed Jedidi Maher Gouider Jridi Ghannouchi Neirouz Laouani Chadia Chouchane Imed Taieb Dalila Chaouch Ajmi Naija Walid Mrizak Nejb 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(30):37660-37667
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most serious manifestation of thromboembolic conditions. Its incidence varies considerably between countries,... 相似文献
617.
R. Fernández D. Fernández-Fuego P. Rodríguez-González J. I. García Alonso A. Bertrand A. González 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(2):1133-1145
In this paper, we examined Cd accumulation and PC synthesis in two clones of Dittrichia viscosa, one with a metallicolous (DV-A) and the other with a non-metallicolous origin (DV-W). The clones were cultured in vitro with 0 and 10 mg Cd L?1 in both short-term treatments (up to 72 h) and over 10 days. We also examined the influence of the culture medium dilution and the PC-synthesis inhibitor, l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), on these parameters. Similar Cd accumulation values were found in the two clones. No synthesis of new thiolic compounds was observed in Cd-treated plants cultured in vitro in Murashige and Skoog medium up to 72 h when compared to controls. Dilution of the culture medium affected PC production, increasing it in 1/2 MS and especially in 1/4 MS. Cd uptake did not increase in the same way, but still hyperaccumulation levels were exceeded in all Cd treatments. BSO addition increased the sensitivity of D. viscosa to Cd and diminished Cd accumulation. Nevertheless, a poor correlation between PCs and Cd accumulation capacity was observed since the highest Cd content did not correspond to the highest PC levels. All these results obtained suggest that PCs are important in Cd accumulation and detoxification in D. viscosa and also that other mechanisms might be involved in these traits. 相似文献
618.
Jérémie Charles Grégorio Crini François Degiorgi Bertrand Sancey Nadia Morin-Crini Pierre-Marie Badot 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(2):1099-1111
To document the toxicity of copper and nickel in binary mixtures, freshwater amphipods Gammarus pulex were exposed to the metals given independently or as mixtures. Toxicity to Cu alone was relatively high: 96-h LC10 and LC50 were found at 91 and 196 μg L?1, respectively. Toxicity to Ni alone was very low, with 96-h LC10 and LC50 of 44,900 and 79,200 μg L?1, respectively. Mixture toxicities were calculated from single toxicity data using conventional models. Modeled toxicity was then compared with the measured toxicity of the binary mixture. Two kinds of mixtures were tested. Type I mixtures were designed as combinations of Cu and Ni given at the same effect concentrations, when taken independently, to identify possible interactions between copper and nickel. In type II mixtures, Cu concentrations varied from 0 to 600 μg L?1 while the nickel concentration was kept constant at 500 μg L?1 to mimic conditions of industrial wastewater discharges. Ni and Cu showed synergic effects in type I mixtures while type II mixtures revealed antagonistic effects. Low doses of Ni reduced Cu toxicity towards G. pulex. These results show that even for simple binary mixtures of contaminants with known chemistry and toxicity, unexpected interactions between the contaminants may occur. This reduces the reliability of conventional additivity models. 相似文献
619.
Oxidative injury and antioxidant genes regulation in cadmium-exposed radicles of six contrasted Medicago truncatula genotypes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
620.
Caroline Vignet Karyn Le Menach Laura Lyphout Tiphaine Guionnet Laura Frère Didier Leguay Hélène Budzinski Xavier Cousin Marie-Laure Bégout 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(24):13818-13832
In the last 10 years, behavior assessment has been developed as an indicator of neurotoxicity and an integrated indicator of physiological disruption. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) release into the environment has increased in recent decades resulting in high concentrations of these compounds in the sediment of contaminated areas. We evaluated the behavioral consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, by exposing zebrafish to diets spiked with three PAH fractions at environmentally relevant concentrations. Fish were exposed to these chemicals from their first meal (5 days postfertilization) until they became reproducing adults (at 6 months old). The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin and of two oils differing in composition (a heavy fuel oil (HO) and a light crude oil (LO)). Several tests were carried out to evaluate circadian spontaneous swimming activity, responses to a challenge (photomotor response), exploratory tendencies, and anxiety levels. We found that dietary PAH exposure was associated with greater mobility, lower levels of exploratory activity, and higher levels of anxiety, particularly in fish exposed to the HO fraction and, to a lesser extent, the LO fraction. Finally, our results indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can induce behavioral disruptions resulting in poorer fish performance. 相似文献