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631.
Martine Hossaert-McKey Catherine Soler Bertrand Schatz Magali Proffit 《Chemoecology》2010,20(2):75-88
Mutualisms are interspecies interactions in which each participant gains net benefits from interacting with its partner. In
nursery pollination mutualisms, pollinators reproduce within the inflorescence they pollinate. In these systems, each partner
depends directly on the other for its reproduction. Therefore, the signal responsible for partner encounter is crucial in
these horizontally transmitted mutualisms, in which the association between specific partners must be renewed at each generation.
As in many other interspecies interactions, chemical signals are suspected to be important in the functioning of these mutualisms.
We synthesized and compared the published data available on the role of floral scents in the functioning of the 16 known independently
evolved nursery pollination mutualisms. So far, attraction of pollinators to their specific hosts has been investigated in
only seven of these systems, and the majority of the studies have been conducted on one of them, fig/fig wasp interactions.
While such unevenness of the information limits the potential for meta-analysis, some patterns emerge from this review concerning
the role of flower volatiles in maintaining the specificity of pollinator attraction, in signaling the appropriate phenological
stage for pollinator visit, in attracting the pollinator toward the rewardless sex in dioecious plant species and in aiding
the location and exploitation of resources by parasites and predators associated with these mutualisms. Finally, we highlight
new perspectives on the evolution of signals in these diversified systems depending on the age and the degree of specificity
of the interaction, and on the effect of phylogenetic inertia on the evolutionary dynamics of plant signals. 相似文献
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Christian Mougin Véronique Gouy Vincent Bretagnolle Julie Berthou Patrick Andrieux Patrick Ansart Marc Benoit Michaël Coeurdassier Irina Comte Cécile Dagès Laurence Denaix Sylvie Dousset Laure Ducreux Sabrina Gaba Daniel Gilbert Gwenaël Imfeld Lucie Liger Jérôme Molénat Sylvain Payraudeau Anatja Samouelian Céline Schott Gaëlle Tallec Emma Vivien Marc Voltz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(34):33882-33894
RECOTOX is a cross-cutting initiative promoting an integrated research to respond to the challenges of monitoring, understanding, and mitigating environmental and health impacts of pesticides in agroecosystems. The added value of RECOTOX is to develop a common culture around spatial ecotoxicology including the whole chain of pressure-exposure-impact, while strengthening an integrated network of in natura specifically equipped sites. In particular, it promotes transversal approaches at relevant socioecological system scales, to capitalize knowledge, expertise, and ongoing research in ecotoxicology and, to a lesser extent, environmental toxicology. Thus, it will open existing research infrastructures in environmental sciences to research programs in ecotoxicology of pesticides. 相似文献
635.
Hawraa Ayoub Thibault Roques-Carmes Olivier Potier Bachar Koubaissy Steve Pontvianne Audrey Lenouvel Cédric Guignard Emmanuel Mousset Hélène Poirot Joumana Toufaily Tayssir Hamieh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(35):34950-34967
In this paper, for the first time, faujasite Y zeolite impregnated with iron (III) was employed as a catalyst to remove a real cocktail of micropollutants inside real water samples from the Meurthe river by the means of the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. The catalyst was prepared by the wet impregnation method using iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate as iron precursor. First, an optimization of the process parameters was conducted using phenol as model macro-pollutant. The hydrogen peroxide concentration, the light wavelength (UV and visible) and intensity, the iron loading immobilized, as well as the pH of the solution were investigated. Complete photo-Fenton degradation of the contaminant was achieved using faujasite containing 20 wt.% of iron, under UV light, and in the presence of 0.007 mol/L of H2O2 at pH 5.5. In a second step, the optimized process was used with real water samples from the Meurthe river. Twenty-one micropollutants (endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and perfluorinated compounds) including 17 pharmaceutical compounds were specifically targeted, detected, and quantified. All the initial concentrations remained in the range of nanogram per liter (0.8–88 ng/L). The majority of the micropollutants had a large affinity for the surface of the iron-impregnated faujasite. Our results emphasized the very good efficiency of the photo-Fenton process with a cocktail of a minimum of 21 micropollutants. Except for sulfamethoxazole and PFOA, the concentrations of all the other microcontaminants (bisphenol A, carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, clarithromycin, diclofenac, estrone, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, lidocaine, naproxen, PFOS, triclosan, etc.) became lower than the limit of quantification of the LC-MS/MS after 30 min or 6 h of photo-Fenton treatment depending on their initial concentrations. The photo-Fenton degradation of PFOA can be neglected. The photo-Fenton degradation of sulfamethoxazole obeys first-order kinetics in the presence of the cocktail of the other micropollutants. 相似文献
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On the occasion of the anniversary a recollection is given of the history of the discovery of electron diffraction.
相似文献639.
Mathieu Denoël Maryève Mathieu Pascal Poncin 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,58(2):121-127
Temperature is expected to have an effect on the behavioral patterns of all organisms, especially ectotherms. However, although several studies focused on the effect of temperature on acoustic displays in both insects and anurans, almost nothing is known about how environmental temperature may affect ectotherm visual courtship displays and sexual performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of environmental temperature on the sexual behavior of Alpine newts (Triturus alpestris). We subjected T. alpestris to two different temperatures in controlled laboratory conditions. Temperature had a major effect on both male and female behaviors: at low temperature, the frequencies of several displays, including tail-raising during sperm deposition, are lowered. This variation is caused indirectly by temperature because it is due to female responsiveness, which is temperature-dependent. However, the fanning movement of the males tail during its main courtship display is independent of female behavior: at lower temperatures, the tail beats at a lower rate, but for a longer time. The similar reproductive success (i.e. sperm transfer) at the two temperature ranges indicates that breeding in cold water is not costly but instead allows males and females to mate early in the season. This is particularly adaptive because, in many habitats, the reproductive period is shortened by drying or freezing conditions, which may impair survival of branchiate offspring. This study also demonstrates the necessity of considering environmental parameters when modeling optimality and characteristics of ectotherm behaviors.Communicated by W. Cooper 相似文献
640.
Two new species of Hydroidomedusae, Parateclaia norvegica sp.nov. and Foersteria quadrata sp.nov., are described from specimens collected in Korsfjorden, western Norway. Neither genus has previously been observed
in the North-Atlantic Ocean. The closest congenerics to the new species occur in the Mediterranean, where family Teclaiidae
has been considered endemic. P. norvegica and F. quadrata were only collected at sites 500 m or deeper and are possibly deep-water benthopelagic species like their congenerics elsewhere.
Sampling took place for the entire year 2003 at 2- to 4-week intervals. F. quadrata, the more numerous of the new species, was absent from the water column only during the spring months, the implications of
which regarding its lifecycle are discussed. Hypotheses on speciation in the Foersteria species group and family Teclaiidae are shortly discussed. 相似文献