汉江流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应模拟研究

针对流域LUCC驱动因子众多、驱动因子与土地利用/覆被变化之间存在复杂的非线性动态关系的特点,以汉江上游流域LUCC模拟为例,构建基于人工神经网络（ANN）与元胞自动机（CA）的模拟土地利用/覆被变化的CA ANN耦合模型,并应用该模型预测汉江上游流域2020s年代的LUCC变化情景。结果表明：2020s汉江黄家港站上游流域水田、旱地、灌木林与建设用地面积均有不同程度的增加,其中建设用地增幅最大,与区域交通和城市化的迅猛发展趋势相符;除建设用地增幅变化较大之外,1980s～2000s与2000s～2020s两个时期其余土地利用/覆盖类型的面积变化率都比较相近,表明CA ANN耦合模型能够刻画土地利用/覆盖类型的转换规律,在流域土地利用/覆被变化的复杂非线性动态演变情景的模拟预测方面是可行的。在此基础上,应用SWAT分布式水文模型模拟汉江上游流域水文过程。研究结果表明：在1980s年代、2000s年代及预测的2020s年代LUCC情景下,汉江上游流域年平均径流量呈增加趋势,LUCC对径流量年内影响较汛期显著,多年平均蒸散发量呈增加趋势     

Deep learning architecture for air quality predictions

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, many developing countries are suffering from heavy air pollution. Governments and citizens have expressed increasing concern regarding air pollution because it affects human health and sustainable development worldwide. Current air quality prediction methods mainly use shallow models; however, these methods produce unsatisfactory results, which inspired us to investigate methods of predicting air quality based on deep architecture models. In this paper, a novel spatiotemporal deep learning (STDL)-based air quality prediction method that inherently considers spatial and temporal correlations is proposed. A stacked autoencoder (SAE) model is used to extract inherent air quality features, and it is trained in a greedy layer-wise manner. Compared with traditional time series prediction models, our model can predict the air quality of all stations simultaneously and shows the temporal stability in all seasons. Moreover, a comparison with the spatiotemporal artificial neural network (STANN), auto regression moving average (ARMA), and support vector regression (SVR) models demonstrates that the proposed method of performing air quality predictions has a superior performance.     

Pollination ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eomecon chionantha</Emphasis> Hance (Papaveraceae), an endemic species in China

Eomecon chionantha Hance, the only species in the genus Eomecon, is an angiosperm species endemic to China. Here we investigated the pollination syndrome, pollinator generalization of E. chionantha. Our results showed that the individual flower longevity of E. chionantha was 3–5 days. The flowering phenology of E. chionantha can be divided into five phases. We found significant differences in the pollination efficiency of the different insects visiting E. chionantha with bees and flies being the most efficient pollinators. This, in addition to floral morphology and phenology, suggests that E. chionantha is generalized on bees and flies and possesses an outcrossing, partially self-compatible and pollinator-dependent breeding system.     

洞庭湖区血吸虫病疫水人水相互作用关系及防控方案研究

研究洞庭湖区血吸虫病人水相互作用关系及传染防控,是推进湖区社会经济稳定健康发展的重要保障。从水文情势、产业发展、居民行为、城乡建设四方面探讨了洞庭湖区血吸虫病疫水人水相互作用关系,并运用系统动力学模型,设置教育优先方案、生态保护优先方案和城镇化推进方案对其防控方案进行系统仿真模拟和对比分析,研究结果表明:(1)水文等生态因素对于人水接触的影响逐步减少,而社会经济因素则显得越来越重要。(2)系统动力学模型能有效展示血吸虫病各影响因素之间的关系,是研究血吸虫病防控的有效方法之一。(3)依据仿真模拟结果,城镇化推进方案是经济增长、城乡协调、环境友好的最优血防方案。     

Agricultural Structure in Western China by Comparing with before and after CFFG Based on Shift-share Method

Based on shift-share method, this article employs re- gional share, structural shift and competitive shift to analyze the structural benefit and competitive position of agricultural structure in western China by comparing with agriculture, foresting, stockbreeding and fishing before and after Conversion of Farmland to Forest and Grassland （CFFG）. Then authors draw following conclusion： while CFFG program has been put in practice, the agricultural structure in western China has some typical characteristics, such as growth faster, structural predominance obvious and more competitive. But the contributiveness from the competition is not too much yet, and the structural benefit of forest estate and stockbreeding are restrained.     

光合细菌强化二级流化床工艺处理焦化废水的研究

采用厌氧酸化加二级流化床组合工艺处理焦化废水。一级反应器内光合细菌与兼性厌氧菌处于共生状态,二级反应器内光合细菌与亚硝酸细菌处于共生状态。一级反应器内光合细菌有充分的小分子有机酸可降解并形成二次酸化,在二级反应器内完成进一步降解。结合反应条件：温度,pH,DO和基质浓度等,将二级反应器内硝化反应控制在亚硝化阶段,有效地保证了废水中碳源的利用。稳定运行了60 d,结果显示,出水COD和NH₃-N浓度分别为105～135 mg/L和14～20 mg/L,去除率分别稳定在90.3%～92.5%和92%～95%。TN去除率稳定在83%～86%。酚、氰化物和BOD5的去除率均在95%以上。     

三氯生在碳纳米管上的吸附

药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)已成为一个引起广泛关注的新的环境问题。采用碳纳米管（CNTs）对水溶液中的三氯生进行吸附处理,考察了碳纳米管粒径及用量、温度、pH、振荡时间等因素对三氯生去除率的影响。研究结果表明,碳纳米管能快速吸附水中的三氯生,粒径较小的碳纳米管可获得较高的三氯生去除率;低温有利于吸附反应的进行;pH在6.5～7.0时,三氯生的去除率可达97%。三氯生在碳纳米管上的吸附可以很好地用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程进行描述。     

炼化企业大检修作业的环保管理

以克拉玛依石化公司为例,对检修作业前环境危害因素进行了辨识,提出了检修前、检修期间环保管理的措施,从废气、废水、噪声、固废四个方面详细介绍了大检修期间进行污染控制的具体措施,分析了大型炼化企业在停工大检修作业期间存在的环境影响因素,提出了大检修作业期间的环保管理内容及污染控制措施。     

含腐殖酸的新型混凝剂强化混凝处理城市污水

研究了新型混凝剂BMT对城市污水进行强化混凝处理的效果,并与常用混凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）进行了比较。结果表明,在城市污水原水COD低于500mg／L和最佳工况下,经BMT处理后的出水能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）二级标准,并具备替代PAC的能力。