Reduction of carbon dioxide into tetraiodomethane at 1?atm

We here report that by using electronegative gas of iodine and CO₂ under negative corona discharge, tetraiodomethane could be synthesized at 70?°C and 1?atm without any catalyst, despite thermodynamically infeasible at ambience without electron discharge. The conversion of carbon dioxide reached 88.71?% at a gas flow rate of 0.06?L/min and a discharge frequency of 9.608?kHz. The anion-involved CO₂ reduction process could be implemented efficiently under mild conditions, avoiding high temperature and high pressure.     

多炉一塔脱硫工艺烟气系统的优化

多炉一塔脱硫工艺的烟气系统通常设置GGH和增压风机,但在工程实践中会出现较多运行问题,如失速、喘振、高能耗等。以某自备电厂3台220t/h燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫工程为例,针对多炉一塔湿法脱硫工艺是否设置GGH和增压风机进行了技术经济分析,并对烟气系统的控制监测方案进行了优化,最终采取了取消GGH、改造引风机、优化烟气系统控制监测的设计方案。可为小型燃煤电厂多炉一塔脱硫工艺提供参考。     

微生物合成纳米材料及其在环境修复中的应用

通过生物方法合成纳米材料的新型绿色合成技术已经成为纳米材料研究领域的热点之一。很多微生物包括细菌、放线菌、酵母、丝状真菌等都被证实具有合成纳米材料的能力。目前,利用微生物合成纳米材料的技术已经受到国际上的广泛重视,并取得了飞快的发展。     

煤炭行业安全负外部性成本研究

对煤炭行业的安全风险进行了界定,并将煤矿安全风险进行了细致的分类,从7个层面对安全成本的核算进行了建模分析,并进一步对这7个层面进行较具体详细的细分和研究,建立了煤炭安全负外部性成本的计量模型,对核算煤矿安全事故的实际成本具有一定指导意义。     

煤矿企业脆弱性评估的AHP-RS组合权重法

在阐述脆弱性的研究现状、基本概念和评价模型的基础上,构建了脆弱性评价模型,并针对具体的煤矿企业应急管理体系进行脆弱性评估,列出脆弱性评估的具体指标体系。在综合考虑主、客观因素的影响条件下,运用AHP-RS组合权重法和均等权重法分别确定一级指标和二级指标的权重,得出脆弱性指数。进而分析了该矿区的脆弱性程度及具体指标在系统脆弱性中所占比重大小,为煤矿企业应急管理脆弱性评估提供了一种新的定量评估方法,有利于全面掌握煤矿企业突发事件应急管理能力。     

泥炭粒径对阴燃蔓延速率影响的实验研究

实验研究了自然对流下,不同颗粒粒径(1mm,1mm~2mm,2mm~3mm,3mm~4mm,4mm)的泥炭向下阴燃现象。通过测量泥炭阴燃内部温度,分析了泥炭颗粒粒径大小对泥炭阴燃峰值温度、峰值温度处阴燃蔓延速率、水分蒸发前锋(T=90℃)蔓延速率、泥炭热解前锋(T=312℃)蔓延速率和炭氧化前锋(T=421℃)蔓延速率的影响。实验结果表明:各颗粒粒径泥炭的阴燃峰值温度在510℃到710℃之间变化,平均峰值温度大小呈现随着粒径的增大而减小的趋势。除了粒径1mm的泥炭阴燃实验外,其他粒径的泥炭阴燃稳定蔓延阶段峰值处的蔓延速率随着粒径的增大而增大。实验发现粒径2mm泥炭阴燃蔓延速率随着粒径的增大而增大,而粒径3mm泥炭阴燃蔓延速率随着泥炭粒径的增大而减小,粒径2mm~3mm是一个界限值。     

不同颗粒级配尾砂稳态强度特性试验研究

颗粒级配是影响土体剪切强度的主要因素之一。通过配置三组不同级配尾砂试样,每组均在100kPa、200kPa、300kPa围压下分别进行不同初始孔隙比的固结不排水剪切试验,研究不同级配下尾砂的剪切特性及稳态强度特性,求出三种级配尾砂的稳态线及稳态内摩擦角。试验结果表明:在低围压时,各级配下饱和松散尾砂的应力-应变曲线呈软化型,且随着围压增高,软化越不明显。平均粒径越小的尾砂,其峰值强度与稳态强度越小,稳态线越靠近e-q坐标系的原点,即在同一荷载作用下,发生液化的可能性越大。为此,有必要加强细粒尾砂堆筑坝体液化势的评估,以防液化溃坝灾难的发生。     

流域污染负荷解析与环境容量研究

以安徽省太平湖流域为例,运用监测、统计数据以及排污系数法对流域内8种污染源的污染排放情况进行全面解析,结合一维水质模型、沃伦威得尔模型以及狄龙模型等水质模型的应用,在流域水质监测的基础上核算了太平湖及主要入湖河流的水环境容量.结果表明, 2011年,太平湖流域污染物入湖量为:COD 3863.75t/a, NH3-N 410.24t/a, TP 51.63t/a;城镇和农村生活污染为太平湖流域的主要污染源,约占流域入湖污染物总量的60%;麻川河和浦溪河流域的污染最严重;流域污染物的排放在空间上呈现较为明显的区域分布,经济发达区域污染相对较严重.在当前水质目标下,太平湖仍有相当大的可用容量;浦溪河、秧溪河和舒溪河流域的氨氮和总磷排放量接近环境容量,需进行总量控制及削减.     

Characteristics of chemical components in PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> at a plateau city,South-west China

A sampling campaign including summer, autumn and winter of 2014 and spring of 2015 was accomplished to obtain the characteristic of chemical components in PM_2.5 at three sites of Kunming, a plateau city in South-west China. Nine kinds of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSI), organic and element carbon (OC and EC) in PM_2.5 were analyzed by ion chromatography and thermal optical reflectance method, respectively. Results showed that the average concentrations of total WSI, OC and EC were 22.85±10.95 µg·m^-3, 17.83±9.57 µg·m^-3 and 5.11±4.29 µg·m^-3, respectively. They totally accounted for 53.0% of PM_2.5. Secondary organic and inorganic aerosols (SOA and SIA) were also assessed by the minimum ratio of OC/EC, nitrogen and sulfur oxidation ratios. The annual average concentrations of SOA and SIA totally accounted for 28.3% of the PM_2.5 concentration. The low proportion suggested the primary emission was the main source of PM_2.5 in Kunming. However, secondary pollution in the plateau city should also not be ignorable, due to the appropriate temperature and strong solar radiation, which can promote the atmospheric photochemical reactions.

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Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> removal from stationary sources

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO _x with NH₃ is an effective technique to remove NO _x from stationary sources, such as coal-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V₂O₅-based catalysts, environmental-benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO₂ and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison-resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for SCR catalysts are proposed.