阳离子共聚物的反相悬浮聚合

采用反相悬浮聚合方法合成颗粒状的阳离子型高分子絮凝剂。选用丙烯酰胺(Am)和氯化[N,N,N-三甲基乙醇丙烯酸酯]盐(AQ)两种单体,研究反应体系的特征及影响分子量的基本因素,诸如温度、单体浓度、引发剂浓度、分散剂浓度、水相和油相的体积比(Vw/Vo)对分子量的影响。为了选择出最佳原料比,本文对两种单体的原料比进行了研究。实验中还发现亚硫酸钠是一种优良的缩短反应诱导期、加速反应进程的试剂。     

菊酯类农药酶联免疫吸附测定研究进展

介绍了菊酯类农药残留的酶联免疫分析(ELISA)的技术原理、关键技术环节,综述了国内外的酶联免疫测定菊酯类农药残留的研究动态,并展望了此技术的发展及应用前景。     

如何促进旅游业与生态环境耦合协调发展研究

对于正处于发展中状态的中国来说,旅游行业是国民经济发展主导性力量之一,并且越来越多旅游资源得到了极大开发利用,为提高当地经济水平起到了奠定性作用。然而基于调查却发现在此期间也存在着一些问题,如部分地区在进行旅游规划设计时过于强调经济效益,明确缺乏生态环境保护意识,再加上资源具有不可再生特点,极容易为生态环境发展带来不利影响,因而这就需要相关人员能够充分引起自身对该方面内容重视程度,促使旅游业与生态环境实现耦合协调发展。     

城市旅游区暴雨径流污染过程中的不透水面效应

选取武汉市动物园4种典型的不透水面暴雨径流污染特征进行了系统的研究,以期为旅游区面源污染危害评价和治理提供基本的依据.结果表明,动物园4种不透水面初期径流污染物浓度很高,COD最大值达1140 mg/L,下垫面类型及地表累积污染物是影响径流水质的主要因素.通过无量纲累积曲线的分析,表明旅游区不透水面径流初期冲刷严重,该曲线还为面源治理提供了重要的工程参数.     

Occurrence and treatment trials of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in wastewaters

This study demonstrates that both synthetic and natural endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (e.g., bisphenol A, estrone and 17beta-estradiol) were found in the crude wastewaters from two wastewater treatment works (WwTWs). Conventional biological processes can lower EDCs concentrations to several tens to hundreds ngl(-1). Since natural EDCs (e.g., estrone and 17beta-estradiol) have biological activity and adverse impact on the environment at extremely low concentrations (several tens of ngl(-1)), further treatment after conventional biological processes is required. Preliminary trials with ferrate(VI) and electrochemical oxidation process demonstrated that both processes can effectively reduce EDCs to very low levels, ranging between 10 and 100ngl(-1), but the former is more effective than the latter to reduce COD concentration in wastewater for given studying conditions.     

秸秆成型燃料锅炉污染物排放规律试验研究

根据锅炉烟尘测试方法(GB 5468-91)及锅炉大气污染物排放标准(GB 13271-2001),在不同风门的工况下,分别对设计的双层炉排秸秆成型燃料锅炉污染物排放规律进行试验.试验表明,在较好工况下,双层炉排锅炉排烟中CO等中间产物及烟尘含量低于单层炉排锅炉,其排烟中CO、NOx、SO2和烟尘浓度等指标远远低于燃煤锅炉,符合国家关于工业锅炉大气污染物排放标准要求,有较好环保效益.     

Solution by dilution?—A review on the pollution status of the Yangtze River

The Yangtze River has been a source of life and prosperity for the Chinese people for centuries and is a habitat for a remarkable variety of aquatic species. But the river suffers from huge amounts of urban sewage, agricultural effluents, and industrial wastewater as well as ship navigation wastes along its course. With respect to the vast amounts of water and sediments discharged by the Yangtze River, it is reasonable to ask whether the pollution problem may be solved by simple dilution. This article reviews the past two decades of published research on organic pollutants in the Yangtze River and several adjacent water bodies connected to the main stream, according to a holistic approach. Organic pollutant levels and potential effects of water and sediments on wildlife and humans, measured in vitro, in vivo, and in situ, were critically reviewed. The contamination with organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and others, of water and sediment along the river was described. Especially Wuhan section and the Yangtze Estuary exhibited stronger pollution than other sections. Bioassays, displaying predominantly the endpoints mutagenicity and endocrine disruption, applied at sediments, drinking water, and surface water indicated a potential health risk in several areas. Aquatic organisms exhibited detectable concentrations of toxic compounds like PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs, and PFCs. Genotoxic effects could also be assessed in situ in fish. To summarize, it can be stated that dilution reduces the ecotoxicological risk in the Yangtze River, but does not eliminate it. Keeping in mind an approximately 14 times greater water discharge compared to the major European river Rhine, the absolute pollution mass transfer of the Yangtze River is of severe concern for the environmental quality of its estuary and the East China Sea. Based on the review, further research needs have been identified.     

用核子微探针进行单个大气颗粒物的分析

本文对单个大气颗粒物进行了分析研究，用核子微探针对首钢地区单个大气颗粒物进行了扫描分析，用三维等高线法给出了各种元素在一群单个大气颗粒物中的二维分布。从一群单个大气颗粒物中各元素的二维分布可对首钢地区大气污染的特征及来源进行分析研究。     

不同模糊评价方法在水环境质量评价中的应用比较

近年来,运用模糊评价方法对水质和水体营养化程度进行评价逐渐受到重视。目前,对模糊评价方法的研究多集中在实测数据标准化、权重的确定和模糊模式识别模型研究几个方面。以滇池历年营养物质数据为实测数据,通过对几种实测数据标准化方法、权重确定方法和模糊模式识别方法的组合应用,获得水环境质量模糊评价最优组合方法。结果表明,在评价方法中,实测数据标准化方法采用线性内插法,权重的确定采用超标倍数法,模糊模式识别模型采用广义海明距离和加权海明距离法,即采用超标倍数法的广义海明距离和加权海明距离法能够更真实反映水环境质量的实际情况。     

Reduction of hexavalent chromium with scrap iron in a fixed bed reactor

The reduction of hexavalent chromium by scrap iron was investigated in continuous long-term fixed bed system. The effects of pH, empty bed contact time (EBCT), and initial Cr(VI) concentration on Cr(VI) reduction were studied. The results showed that the pH, EBCT, and initial Cr(VI) concentration significantly affected the reduction capacity of scrap iron. The reduction capacity of scrap iron were 4.56, 1.51, and 0.57 mg Cr(VI)·g^-1 Fe⁰ at pH 3, 5, and 7 (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L^-1, EBCT 2 min, and temperature 25°C), 0.51, 1.51, and 2.85 mg Cr(VI)·g^-1 Fe⁰ at EBCTs of 0.5, 2.0, and 6.0 min (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L^-1, pH 5, and temperature 25°C), and 2.99, 1.51, and 1.01 mg Cr(VI)·g^-1 Fe⁰ at influent concentrations of 1, 4, and 8 mg·L^-1 (EBCT 2 min, pH 5, and temperature 25°C), respectively. Fe(total) concentration in the column effluent continuously decreased in time, due to a decrease in time of the iron corrosion rate. The fixed bed reactor can be readily used for the treatment of drinking water containing low amounts of Cr(VI) ions, although the hardness and humic acid in water may shorten the lifetime of the reactor, the reduction capacity of scrap iron still achieved 1.98 mg Cr⁶⁺·g^-1 Fe. Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersion spectrometer and X-ray diffraction were conducted to examine the surface species of the scrap iron before and after its use. In addition to iron oxides and hydroxide species, iron-chromium complex was also observed on the reacted scrap iron.