苯磺酰基环烷烃甲酸酯结构对发光菌的毒性影响

测定了一批具有大小不同碳环的的苯磺酰基环烷烃甲酸酯对发光菌的毒性数据，值得注意的是碳环大小的改变会影响化合物的毒性，碳环对毒性的影响按三元环〉四元环〉五元环〉六元环的顺序减小。     

Competition and facilitation between germlings of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Ascophyllum nodosum</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Fucus vesiculosus</Emphasis>

Competitive interactions between germlings of Ascophyllum nodosum (L) Le Jolis and Fucus vesiculosus L. were studied both in the laboratory and on a shore of the Isle of Man, in the Irish Sea. Both intra- and interspecific competition were investigated by comparing the performance of algal germlings both in monocultures and mixed populations of the two species. The growth of germlings of both species reduced with increasing density. F. vesiculosus always grew faster than Ascophyllum and did best in mixed cultures, whereas Ascophyllum did least well when mixed with Fucus germlings. Clearly the adverse effects of F. vesiculosus on A. nodosum were greater than those of Ascophyllum cohorts. At the same total density, the survival and growth of Ascophyllum declined with an increasing proportion of Fucus germlings, implying that poor recruitment of A. nodosum results from strong competition with F. vesiculosus. However, under desiccation stress on the shore, F. vesiculosus enhanced the survival of A. nodosum at the early germling stage even though competition may occur again at the late stage. Thus, whether interactions between germlings take the form of competition or facilitation depends on the environmental conditions.Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe     

单甲脒农药对土壤微生物种群和土壤酶活性的影响

研究了单甲脒（Ｎ＇－２，４－二甲苯基－Ｎ－甲基甲脒，简称ＤＭＡ）对土壤微生物种群和土壤酶活性的影响．田间试验表明，喷洒单甲脒盐酸盐（ＤＭＡＨ）于棉花植株对土壤微生物种群和土壤酶活性无明显影响．实验室试验表明，投加ＤＭＡＨ于土壤对土壤微生物种群有不同的抑制作用；当ＤＭＡＨ在土壤中的浓度为２０ｍｇ／ｇ时，好氧异养菌总量开始降低，硝化细菌和放线菌、真菌的土壤ＤＭＡＨ抑制浓度分别为０．５ｍｇ／ｇ和０．１ｍｇ／ｇ．ＤＭＡＨ对土壤酶活性的影响亦不相同，脱氢酶对土壤中ＤＭＡＨ含量为１０ｍｇ／ｇ时其活性即有明显的减弱，而过氧化氨酶对ＤＭＡ的耐受性相当高，其活性的抑制浓度达５００ｍｇ／ｇ．试验还证明了土壤中ＤＭＡ的微生物降解作用．当ＤＭＡ在土壤中的浓度为５０～５００ｇ／ｇ时，其消解速率可从８．７５ｍｍ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１提高到４８ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１．     

固定化光合细菌处理催化裂化与加氢废水

在２８Ｌ柱式反应器内,沼泽红假单胞菌经软性纤维固定后,连续处理炼油厂催化裂化与加氢废水（此前已经过汽提和厌氧消化预处理）。当反应器进水ＣＯＤ为４７０ｍｇ／Ｌ、废水停留时间为７０ｈ时,出水分离出菌体后,ＣＯＤ小于１００ｍｇ／Ｌ。建立了该处理系统的动力学模型,其参数Ｋｓ＝２９．８ｍｇ／Ｌ,μｍ＝０．０１ｈ－１。     

絮凝浮选剂PS-01的研究

为了提高油田采油（气）污水处理能力,胜利油田开发研制出新型絮凝浮选剂ＰＳ－０１,以聚合铝为主,配以常用的助凝剂二氧化硅气溶胶,工业用硫酸镁等,按比例混合在一起配置而成。在试验中将它们与油田内广泛使用的絮凝浮选剂ＳＧ－０１,ＪＸ－０１,ＮＡ－１等进行比较。结果表明：ＰＳ－０１絮凝浮选剂的原料来源广泛,合成工艺简单,易于操作;对采油（气）污水处理效果好,加药量少,处理成本低;应用的ｐＨ范围较宽,反应迅速,可缩短混合反应时间;适用性强,低温时效果不受影响;对投药设备的腐蚀性小,性质稳定,无沉淀产生;同时各种原料的不同配比对絮凝浮选效果影响很大,要控制好比例。     

影响微生物絮凝剂生成的条件研究

从污水中筛选到了一株絮凝活性较好的絮凝剂产生菌 ,分别研究了碳源、氮源、供氧量、培养温度等条件对其产絮凝剂的影响。结果表明 ,葡萄糖、淀粉是较好的碳源 ,蛋白胨等有机氮作氮源较好 ,供氧量较大有利于产絮凝剂 ,最适宜培养温度为 30℃ ,最佳pH为 6 .5～ 7.5。     

冬小麦生产力估算方法研究

本文在综述前人工作的基础上,对作物生产力的概念重新进行了阐述,提出作物生产力包括多层次的含义、各层次生产力代表不同的生产水平且限制因子不同,并对各层次生产力进行了定义。从大气-作物-土壤系统出发,探讨了冬小麦的生长发育及产量形成与各环境因子、能量投入之间的定量关系,采用动态模拟和统计分析相结合的方法,利用dBASEⅢ和BASIC语言,建立起了冬小麦生长发育及生产力形成的动态模拟软件,该软件可以根据不同需要对不同地区的冬小麦干物质累积、叶面积变化及土壤水分平衡进行计算,并可计算各层次的生产力。     

农药污染环境质量评价

本文根据计算排毒系数的方法确定了主要污染源和污染物,又根据食入、饮进、呼吸等量建立了权重系统,由此而计算了中国不同农业区域的污染指数。结果表明,重污染区集中在长江、黄河流域的粮、棉产区,而且我国农业环境中BHC、DDT污染程度是向南或向北逐渐减弱。     

环境资源约束下中国工业绿色全要素水资源效率研究

通过构建RAM-SFA-RAM三阶段工业绿色全要素水资源效率测度模型，对其不同层面的效率值进行多维测度与比较分析，并利用空间Tobit模型对工业绿色全要素水资源效率的驱动机制进行实证检验.效率测度结果表明，环境因素与统计噪音是效率值计算中不可忽视的重要影响因素；全国样本的效率值在2000~2017年期间总体变化趋势是以持续上升为主，但距离理想发展状态还存在较大差距，具体阶段上可划分为“稳增期”、“振落期”和“提速期”；区域层面的检验中，东部效率具有较为显著的领先优势，而中部和东北部效率差异性相对较小，其变化曲线存在明显的“交互性”现象，西部则整体效率偏低；主要经济带的检验中，京津冀地区的工业绿色全要素水资源效率整体上要高于泛珠三角和泛长三角地区.驱动机制检验表明，基于全国样本维度的水资源禀赋、企业技术创新、用水结构和环境规制对工业绿色全要素水资源效率具有正向促进作用，而产业结构、城镇化率表现为负向抑制效应；在区域样本检验中，各影响要素在不同区域之间所呈现出的作用效果存在一定差异性，但产业结构调整、城镇化水平等应引起重视，不同区域需要依据其实际特点采取针对性的改进措施.     

Seasonal variations of monoterpene emissions from coniferous trees of different ages in Korea

Seasonal variations of emission rates and compositions from coniferous species were measured under controlled conditions using a vegetation enclosure method. Total emission rates and compositions of monoterpene compounds from young and adult trees in different seasons were compared.

It was found that the total emission rates and the components of monoterpene varied significantly with tree species, age, and season. Total emissions from C. japonica and P. koraiensis were higher for older trees than for younger trees; however, significantly higher emissions were found from younger trees for C. obtusa. Higher monoterpene emission rates from each plant were found in spring and summer compared with autumn and winter emissions.