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排序方式: 共有75条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Čizmić Mirta Babić Sandra Kaštelan-Macan Marija 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20521-20539
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, a multi-class analytical method for determination of 22 frequently used pharmaceuticals was developed and validated. Analytes were from... 相似文献
42.
Yutong Liang Qiaozhi Zha Weihao Wang Long Cui Ka Hei Lui Kin Fai Ho 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2017,67(7):797-805
Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor of OH radicals in the atmosphere. In urban areas, emissions from vehicles are the main source of air pollutants, including reactive nitrogen. Previously reported emission ratios of HONO (HONO/NOx) from vehicles were measured in the late 1990s and need to be updated due to the significant changes in emission control technologies. We measured the emission ratio of a fleet of vehicles (38% diesel on average) from March 11 to 21, 2015, in a road tunnel in Hong Kong. The emission ratio of 1.24% (±0.35%) obtained is greater than the commonly adopted 0.8% or 0.3%. The elevated emission ratio is found to be related to the presence of vehicles equipped with diesel particle filters (DPFs). Positive correlation between HONO and black carbon (BC) shows that HONO and BC were emitted together, while the lack of correlation or even anticorrelation between HONO/NOx and BC indicates that the BC-mediated conversion of NO2 to HONO in the dark was insignificant in the immediate vicinity of the emission sources.
Implications: Vehicular emission is a key source for HONO in the urban atmosphere. However, the most commonly used emission ratio HONO/NOx in modeling studies was measured more than 15 years ago. Our tunnel study suggests that a mixed fleet nowadays has a higher emission ratio, possibly because of the diesel particle filter (DPF) retrofit program and the growing share of Euro IV or more advanced diesel vehicles. Our study also provides new insight into the role of black carbon in HONO formation from vehicles. 相似文献
43.
Kudłak B Rogowska J Wolska L Kałas M Łęczyński L Namieśnik J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(4):1231-1236
The paper presents the results of toxicity determinations carried out on sediment samples collected in the vicinity of the wreck of the German s/s Stuttgart (the southern part of the Gulf of Gdańsk, off the Polish coast) in relation to the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The toxicity of surface and core sediment samples was assessed using two biotest organisms-the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens. PAH levels in these samples were determined by GC-MS. The surface sediments collected at W2 (ca. 34 m north of the shipwreck) and W4 (ca. 415 m north-east of the wreck) as well as the core sediments collected at WR3 (ca. 400 m north-east of the wreck) were the most heavily polluted with substances toxic to the biotest organisms. The chronic and acute toxicities in the case of most of the surface sediment samples studied are correlated. This may suggest that not only hydrophobic chemicals (like PAHs from fuel residues) but also more polar chemicals (resulting from the conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons) are responsible for the toxicity levels found. There is a clear dependence between the levels of chronic toxicity and PAH concentrations in the core sediment samples. In addition, a simultaneous decrease in the PAH content and chronic toxicity was noted in all the core sediment samples at depths below 80 cm. 相似文献
44.
Land Degradation at the Stara Planina Ski Resort 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The environmental impacts of ski resorts in the Balkan region are great and can lead to landscape degradation and loss of
land functionality. In this study, we present an example of the negative effects of human activities at the Stara Planina
ski resort in southeastern Serbia. The objective of this study is detailed analysis of the characteristics of environmental
impacts at the Stara Planina. The management of the ski area and ski slope development caused severe degradation of topsoil
and native vegetation. The morphological characteristics of the area, lithological properties of the exposed material and
climate conditions resulted in various geomorphic impacts, including rills, deep gullies, solifluctions and debris from rock
weathering. Significant changes in land usage altered hydrological conditions, resulting in more frequent torrential floods
in the downstream sections of the Zubska River and increased the sediment yield. Environmental impacts were analyzed in the
immediate and wider zones of the ski resort in accordance with the specific topography and visual exposure. The restoration
and erosion control measures have stopped degradation processes and helped to rehabilitate the appearance and functions of
the landscape. The results show the importance of considering lithological (the type and characteristics of minerals present)
and hydrological (precipitation, water storage capacity of soil, runoff) factors under the conditions of significant changes
in land usage. The results of this investigation can contribute to the improvement of planning processes and the implementation
of development projects in ski areas. 相似文献
45.
Jaroslav Pochop Miroslava Kačániová Lukáš Hleba L'Ubomír Lopasovský Alica Bobková Lucia Zeleňáková 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):212-216
The aim of this study was to follow contamination of ready-to-eat food with Listeria monocytogenes by using the Step One real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We used the PrepSEQ Rapid Spin Sample Preparation Kit for isolation of DNA and MicroSEQ® Listeria monocytogenes Detection Kit for the real-time PCR performance. In 30 samples of ready-to-eat milk and meat products without incubation we detected strains of Listeria monocytogenes in five samples (swabs). Internal positive control (IPC) was positive in all samples. Our results indicated that the real-time PCR assay developed in this study could sensitively detect Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food without incubation. 相似文献
46.
Miroslava Kačániová Miroslav Juráček Róbert Chlebo Vladimíra Kňazovická Miriam Kadasi-Horáková Simona Kunová 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):623-629
Contamination by microscopic fungi and mycotoxins in different bee pollen samples, which were stored under three different ways of storing as freezing, drying and UV radiation, was investigated. During spring 2009, 45 samples of bee-collected pollen were gathered from beekeepers who placed their bee colonies on monocultures of sunflower, rape and poppy fields within their flying distance. Bee pollen was collected from bees’ legs by special devices placed at the entrance to hives. Samples were examined for the concentration and identification of microscopic fungi able to grow on Malt and Czapek-Dox agar and mycotoxins content [deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), zearalenone (ZON) and total aflatoxins (AFL), fumonisins (FUM), ochratoxins (OTA)] by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The total number of microscopic fungi in this study ranged from 2.98 ± 0.02 in frozen sunflower bee pollen to 4.06 ± 0.10 log cfu.g?1 in sunflower bee pollen after UV radiation. In this study, 449 isolates belonging to 21 fungal species representing 9 genera were found in 45 samples of bee pollen. The total isolates were detected in frozen poppy pollen 29, rape pollen 40, sunflower pollen 80, in dried poppy pollen 12, rape pollen 36, sunflower 78, in poppy pollen after UV radiation treatment 54, rape 59 and sunflower 58. The most frequent isolates of microscopic fungi found in bee pollen samples of all prevalent species were Mucor mucedo (49 isolates), Alternaria alternata (40 isolates), Mucor hiemalis (40 isolates), Aspergillus fumigatus (33 isolates) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (31 isolates). The most frequently found isolates were detected in sunflower bee pollen frozen (80 isolates) and the lowest number of isolates was observed in poppy bee pollen dried (12 isolates). The most prevalent mycotoxin of poppy bee pollen was ZON (361.55 ± 0.26 μg.kg?1), in rape bee pollen T-2 toxin (265.40 ± 0.18 μg.kg?1) and in sunflower bee pollen T-2 toxin (364.72 ± 0.13 μg.kg?1) in all cases in frozen samples. 相似文献
47.
Jiang Q Hanari N Miyake Y Okazawa T Lau RK Chen K Wyrzykowska B So MK Yamashita N Lam PK 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,148(1):31-39
This study determined the concentrations of organochlorine contaminants in common seafood in two Chinese coastal cities (Guangzhou and Zhoushan), and assessed the health risk due to the daily consumption of contaminated seafood. Twenty-six pooled samples, belonging to five food categories (fish, bivalves, shrimp, crab, and cephalopods), were purchased from local markets in Guangzhou and Zhoushan in 2003 and 2004. These samples were analyzed for total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), non- and mono-ortho-PCBs (coplanar PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs). The concentrations of total PCBs and coplanar PCBs in fish samples were higher in Guangzhou than in Zhoushan, while the levels of PCNs and PCDDs/DFs were comparable between the two cities. The total daily intake values of dioxin-like compounds were 1.05 and 0.86pg WHO-TEQ/kg body weight in Guangzhou and Zhoushan, respectively. Hazard ratios of non-cancer risk in the two cities were all less than unity. 相似文献
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随着技术进步,地表水中的许多污染物可用快速测定仪测定.采用快速测定仪与实验室国标法测定地表水中氨氮的结果是否存在显著性差异,本文根据实际样品进行了比较和探讨. 相似文献