湿地植物根际微生物处理生活污水的模型规模研究

在人工湿地模型中,研究了人为增加湿地植物根际微生物对生活污水中COD的降解效果:将2株从湿地分离的根际微生物扩增培养(分别用于模型1与模型2),与一定比例的生活污水混合后注入到湿地模型中,在停留12,24,36,48 h时分别测定污水中COD的去除率.结果表明,加菌模型对COD的去除率显著高于空白模型(P<0.05),且随着时间的延长,二者的差异性越大,至48 h时,空白模型和2个加菌模型(模型1和模型2)对自然污水COD的去除率分别为50.6%,73.0%,75.3%,对灭菌污水COD的去除率分别为52.2%,76.3%,80.1%.说明向人工湿地中添加植物根际微生物将大大提高湿地对生活污水中COD的去除率,具有进一步开发的价值.     

湿法脱硫系统运行中存在问题探讨

分析了石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫系统中烟气系统、吸收塔系统、石灰石系统、石膏脱水系统、废水处理系统等在运行中存在问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

Partitioning and removal of dioxin-like congeners in flue gases treated with activated carbon adsorption

Activated carbon adsorption is commonly used to control dioxin-like congener (PCDD/Fs and PCBs) emissions. Partitioning of PCDD/Fs and PCBs between vapor and solid phases and their removal efficiencies achieved with existing air pollution control devices (APCDs) at a large-scale municipal waste incinerator (MWI) and an industrial waste incinerator (IWI) are evaluated via intensive stack sampling and analysis. Those two facilities investigated are equipped with activated carbon injection (ACI) with bag filter (BF) and fixed activated carbon bed (FACB) as major PCDD/F control devices, respectively. Average PCDD/F and PCB concentrations of stack gas with ACI+BF as APCDs are 0.031 and 0.006ng-TEQ/Nm(3), and that achieved with FACB are 1.74 and 0.19ng-TEQ/Nm(3) in MWI and IWI, respectively. The results show that FACB could reduce vapor-phase PCDD/Fs and PCBs concentrations in flue gas, while the ACI+BF can effectively adsorb the vapor-phase dioxin-like congener and collect the solid-phase PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the meantime. Additionally, the results of the pilot-scale adsorption system (PAS) experimentation indicate that each gram activated carbon adsorbs 105-115ng-PCDD/Fs and each surface area (m(2)) of activated carbon adsorbs 10-25ng-PCDD/Fs. Based on the results of PAS experimentation, this study confirms that the surface area of mesopore+macropore (20-200A) of the activated carbon is a critical factor affecting PCDD/F adsorption capacity.     

Recent changes in trophic state of the Baltic Sea along SW coast of Finland

Drawing reliable conclusions on changes in the trophic state of various subareas of the Baltic Sea is problematic, in large part because the monitoring of productivity parameters exhibiting high natural variability is based on sparse sampling. This emphasizes the importance of long-term data sets. Here we present a 30-year chlorophyll alpha data set from the western Gulf of Finland. The trophic state of the study area showed an increasing trend in the 1970s and 1980s manifested mainly as strengthened vernal blooms. This trend did not continue in the 1990s, and the seasonal phytoplankton biomass maxima since then has begun to show some bias toward the late summer. The changes in seasonal maxima of phytoplankton blooms probably reflect i) decreased availability of N suppressing the magnitude of the vernal bloom, which increases the P reserves for the summer, and ii) enhanced internal P loading, which further increases the summer P reserves.     

一起工伤事故的分析与预防

叙述了工作面减速机液力耦合器伤人经过 ,分析了事故各方面的原因 ,并制定了预防措施 ,具有普遍性和典型性。     

A multilevel investigation of predictors and outcomes of shared leadership

For modern organizations, shared leadership becomes increasingly important. Knowledge on shared leadership may be limited, as past research often relies on cross-sectional data or student samples, and most studies neglect the multilevel nature of shared leadership. Our research model includes transformational leadership, trust, and organizational support as predictors of shared leadership. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of shared leadership on team performance and team creativity. In total, 160 teams with 697 employees participated in our field study. Data collection took place at three time points. To test our hypotheses, we used multilevel modeling with a Bayesian estimator. We found relationships of transformational leadership and trust with shared leadership at the team level and of transformational leadership, trust, and organizational support with shared leadership at the individual level. Furthermore, shared leadership fully mediated the effect of the three input factors on team performance and team creativity. This study contributes to the understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of shared leadership. Furthermore, the dynamic development of team processes based on an input–mediator–output model is explored. On the basis of the results, organizations can increase shared leadership behavior by focusing on transformational leadership and trust building.     

双重预防性工作机制在特大型高炉大检修安全管理中的研究与实践

特大型高炉大检修的工期紧,高风险项目多,极易发生安全事故。在分析特大型高炉大检修安全风险特性的基础上,通过研究双重预防性工作机制相关理论,从责任界定、流程构建、运作方式等方面,对构建特大型高炉大检修安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防性工作机制进行了探索,并应用到首钢京唐公司1号高炉大检修作业安全管控中,取得了特大型高炉大检修安全无事故的佳绩。双重预防性工作机制应用到特大型高炉大检修安全管理中的研究和成功实践,为特大型高炉大检修安全管理、创新科学管理手段和模式,提供了可借鉴的理论支持和实践经验。     

区域水环境系统脆弱性指标体系及综合决策模型研究

目前水环境系统脆弱性研究主要局限于水环境系统的单方面脆弱性研究,过于片面化,需要综合考虑水资源、水环境质量、旱涝灾害、社会经济以及生态环境等方面的脆弱性。根据水环境系统脆弱性是系统状态受到系统压力引起的敏感性以及系统状态对系统压力的适应性响应的观点,采用“压力-状态-响应”模式构建区域水环境系统脆弱性指标体系。区域水环境系统脆弱性研究中客观存在诸多不确定性,利用联系数描述上述不确定性过程中差异度系数在［-1,1］上取值仍存在不确定性,为此,构造三角模糊数刻画差异度系数取值的不确定性,给出三角模糊联系数的基本形式,取置信水平得出置信区间联系数,采用期望-方差排序法对置信区间联系数进行决策分析,建立基于三角模糊联系数的系统综合决策模型。此模型用于安徽省水环境系统脆弱性评价的结果表明,安徽省区域水环境系统脆弱等级介于［2.731 3.620］之间,脆弱性状况不容乐观,应采取相应措施改善区域水环境质量,降低区域水环境系统脆弱性,保障区域社会经济及生态环境的可持续发展     

以城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥快速启动两段式亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应器的可行性

为探讨以城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥启动厌氧氨氧化工艺的可行性,启动了两段式亚MBBR亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺并成功运行。结果表明,经过90 d的启动,在进水NH₄⁺-N质量浓度为750 mg·L⁻¹的条件下,亚硝化反应器负荷(以NH₄⁺-N计)可达到9 000 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹,平均出水NO₂⁻-N和NH₄⁺-N质量浓度比值为1.28,满足厌氧氨氧化的反应要求。经过180 d的启动,在进水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂⁻-N质量浓度分别为360 mg·L⁻¹和380 mg·L⁻¹的条件下,厌氧氨氧化反应器负荷(以TN计)可达到13 875 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹,TN去除率可达(84.14±0.66)%。活性测定结果显示,AOB和ANAMMOX活性(以NH₄⁺-N计)分别可达6 423.84 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹和6 448.32 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹且均可维持恒定。高通量测序结果表明,亚硝化反应器中的Nitrosomonas占比由0.02%增至20.09%,为AOB的主导菌属;厌氧氨氧化反应器中,Ca. Brocadia和Ca. Jettenia为主要的ANAMMOX菌,占比分别达到11.00%和2.07%。采用好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥可快速启动两段式亚硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺。     

Effects of UV-modified biochar derived from phytoremediation residue on Cd bioavailability and uptake in Coriandrum sativum L. in a Cd-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biochar has been applied widely as an amendment in the remediation of contaminated soil to immobilize the heavy metals. However, the role of...