锂离子电池正极材料环境友好性与充放电性能耦合优选

本文通过生命周期评价方法,设定在相同的外界容量需求下,结合电池循环性能数据,研究了LiCo1／3Ni1／3Mn1／3O2、LiCo1／3Ni1／3Mn1／3O2＋1％ Fe3O4和 LiMn0．2 Fe0．8 PO43种不同的锂离子正极材料的环境影响,并耦合环境影响和放电比容量进行量化处理,得到相应的性能优选指数。结果表明：锂离子电池的正极材料普遍具有较大的综合环境影响值,3大类环境影响分类中影响较大的是人体健康和资源消耗。在3种正极材料中,LiCo1／3Ni1／3Mn1／3O2的综合性能最好,环境友好性和充放电性能都具有较大的优选指数。在 LCA 处理正极材料的基础上,结合电池充放电数据实现了对材料的比较和优选。     

森林地下火探测仪的研制

FHD型森林地下火探测仪为最新研制的一种光机电一体化的便携式探测设备,采用红外探测技术原理,借助红外焦平面成像器件、可见光摄像器件采集目标图像,利用图像处理技术完成对目标视频图像的获取、显示、温度分析处理及存储过程。它集成了红外与可见光两种模式,两种模型的简单切换有利于辨识目标并可对热像的中心区域进行测温显示。该设备操作界面简单快捷,图片存储方便、容量大,可用于户外多热源连续监测作业。     

下向测压钻孔封孔技术研究

目前复杂煤层赋存条件下下向钻孔测定煤层瓦斯压力普遍面临钻孔封孔效果不理想、煤层瓦斯压力测定失败、钻孔进水损坏压力表等问题。针对此,提出了一种新的测压封孔技术即联合持续增压二级封孔测压技术,阐述了该工艺的基本原理,配制了新型发泡水泥和封孔粘液,并进行了工业性试验。试验结果表明,应用该项技术能够有效地动态封堵发育中的裂隙从而实现准确快速测压。     

中国产业部门水足迹演变及其影响因素分析

水资源是中国实现绿色可持续发展的基础,基于投入产出分析法对中国产业部门水足迹及其强度进行定量核算,分析其演变趋势,从技术进步、经济发展及政策完善三个角度剖析中国水足迹变迁的影响因素。结果表明:1997-2007 年间中国各行业完全水足迹强度的年均下降率约为9.1%,而大部分行业的水足迹却呈增长趋势,年均增长率约为14.2%。1997、2002、2007 年中国以贸易形势输出的虚拟水总量占完全水足迹量的比例分别为12.0%、14.6%、22.5%,呈递增趋势且均高于输入总量。中国各部门水足迹强度降低的主要影响因素包括:节水技术的发展、节水管理政策的完善、产业间的经济联系。中国经济飞速发展是导致水足迹上升的决定性因素。在进出口贸易方面,中国不合理的贸易结构和贸易总量的扩大化是导致虚拟水呈现输出状态的主要影响因素。最后提出:探寻节水技术的新方向,利用部门间经济联系转移部分行业节水压力,完善发展中产业的节水措施,调整进出口产业结构,实施地区性虚拟水贸易战略是中国节水政策的优先发展方向。     

高氟病区茶园土壤氟形态及其分布特征

采用连续化学提取法,测定了黔西北高氟病区茶园土壤样品氟含量及氟的形态.结果表明:供试土壤全氟含量为314~3558mg/kg,平均为945mg/kg,高于全国土壤全氟平均含量(453mg/kg).不同类型供试土壤中全氟含量高低顺序为:棕壤和褐土(分别为1118和1114mg/kg)>黄棕壤(908mg/kg)>黄壤(681mg/kg).供试土壤中不同形态氟含量以残余态最高,其平均含量为940mg/kg;其次为有机束缚态氟,平均含量为7.82mg/kg,处于氟污染较高水平,可能会对人体健康和生态环境产生重要影响;铁锰结合态氟也较高,平均含量3.99mg/kg;水溶态氟和可交换态氟均较低,其平均含量分别为:1.98,1.14mg/kg.由此可见,土壤中氟形态大部分均以残余态形式存在于土壤中,可被茶树叶吸收的水溶态氟和可交换态氟含量均不高.相关性分析表明:可交换态氟只与水溶态氟呈显著正相关关系(r=0.459**),而水溶态氟与铁锰结合态氟、残余态氟和全氟均呈正相关关系(r分别为0.240*, 0.226*, 0.229*), 有机束缚态氟与铁锰结合态氟、残余态氟和全氟也呈正相关关系(r分别为0.757**, 0.312**, 0.320**),水溶态氟与土壤交换性盐基含量之间也呈极显著正相关关系,而土壤氟形态与有机质的相关性不明显,仅有机束缚态氟与土壤有机质呈弱负相关.本研究可为该区域土壤氟污染防治提供科学依据,也为土壤氟的迁移转化及其对生态和环境的影响研究奠定一定的理论基础.     

输电线路试验检测预警系统的开发和应用

针对输电线路试验检测项目人工管理,在周期内存在漏检、重检等不规范现状,对计划预警措施进行分析,利用 ASP 技术和 SQL SERVER 2000 数据库开发了输电线路试验预警系统,实现了线路例行、诊断性试验的到期提醒、查询、打印、备份等功能。系统界面操作简单、查询数据准确、维护便捷。应用结果表明:该系统提高了设备的管理水平,为架空输电线路科学管理提供了可参依据。     

多参数指示南极普里兹湾浮游植物的时空变化

以南极普里兹湾沉积物为研究对象,运用气相色谱技术,研究了生物标志物菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮对应指示的硅藻、甲藻、颗石藻等浮游植物的生产量和种群结构的历史变化,结合2001—2011年实测和遥感水体ρ(Chla)(Chla为叶绿素a)及SST(海水表层温度)数据,探讨了该湾浮游植物生产量时空变化特征及其影响因素. 结果表明:过去100多年间南极普里兹湾浮游植物总生产量(212.04~759.10 ng/g)〔以w(菜子甾醇)+w(甲藻甾醇)+w(长链烯酮)计〕和w(硅藻)所占比例(62.28%~87.13%)〔以w(菜子甾醇)所占比例计〕均呈上升趋势,而w(甲藻)所占比例(10.09%~27.98%)〔以w(甲藻甾醇)所占比例计〕和w(颗石藻)所占比例(1.97%~9.74%)〔以w(长链烯酮)所占比例计〕则呈下降趋势. 全球变暖背景下浮游植物种群变动通过改变南大洋对CO₂的吸收进而影响全球碳循环. 水体ρ(Chla)与沉积生物标志物指示的浮游植物总生产量均具有湾内高、湾外低的空间分布特征. 湾内ρ(Chla)与SST的年际变化趋势相似,二者以2002—2003年和2009—2010年相对较高,SST分别为-0.30和0.01 ℃,ρ(Chla)分别为1.69和2.31 mg/m3;以2001—2002年和2010—2011年相对较低,SST分别为-1.19和-0.95 ℃,ρ(Chla)分别为1.08和0.79 mg/m3,表明该湾SST变化可较明显地影响浮游植物的生长.      

Effects of three years’ increase in density of the geometrid Epirrita autumnata on the change in metabolome of mountain birch trees (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii)

The principal objective of the study was to characterize effects of increasing density of the autumnal moth, Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), for 3 successive years on the change in metabolome of mountain birch trees (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii). During the three study years (2000–2002), the larval density varied from low to very high (outbreak) density. Samples of leaves were collected from the same 12 trees at the same phenological stage of the trees each year. The leaves were collected from undamaged trees in the first year, from trees slightly damaged by larvae in the second year, and from trees heavily damaged by larvae in the third year. Metabolome analysis showed that the increase in density of E. autumnata larvae and degree of damage of birch trees caused multiple biochemical changes in the leaves, including increased concentrations of phenolic compounds (proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins) and reduced concentrations of nutritive metabolites (monosaccharides, amino acids and some organic acids). These changes reduced the quality of leaves as food for larvae and, probably, were associated with induced chemical resistance of the birches to herbivorous insects. Additionally, the concentration of α-tocopherol was significantly higher in both slightly and heavily damaged trees. Mechanisms of changes in the metabolism of phenolic compounds and carbohydrates, and the role of α-tocopherol in their regulation are discussed.     

Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are complex organic compounds which are identified as significant carcinogenic to human health. PAHs （mainly in particle phase） are susceptible to atmospheric oxidant gases, especially ozone, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, hydroxyl radical （OH）, and could be degraded on filters during sampling process, leading to an underestimation of ambient PAH concentrations. The goal of this work was to investigate particle associated PAHs sampling artifacts caused by ozone in summer of Beijing. Comparative sampling systems were operated simultaneously during the whole campaign, one with activated carbon ozone denuder, the other being set as conventional sampling system. Activated carbon denuder was testified to be highly efficient to eliminate ozone from air stream. In general, nine particle-bound PAHs observed from conventional sampler were all lower than those from ozone denuder system. The total PAHs （particle phase） concentration was averagely underestimated by 35.9% in conventional sampling procedure. Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） had the highest percentage of mass loss. founded to have influences Ambient temperature was on PAHs sampling artifacts. High temperature can increase loss of particle associated PAHs during sampling.     

The role of supervisor political skill in mentoring: Dual motivational perspectives

Drawing on self‐determination and self‐concept‐based theories, this study investigated the mediating effects of psychological empowerment and organization‐based self‐esteem on the relationship between supervisory mentoring and employee performance and the moderating effect of supervisor political skill on the direct and first stage of the indirect effects. Data were obtained from a sample of 330 subordinate–supervisor dyads from the People's Republic of China. Using PROCESS of conditional indirect effect, we found support for the moderated direct and indirect effects of supervisory mentoring. First, supervisor political skill moderates the direct effect of supervisory mentoring on employee promotability. Second, supervisor political skill moderates the indirect effect of supervisory mentoring on the following: (i) employee promotability via both psychological empowerment and organization‐based self‐esteem and (ii) contextual performance only via psychological empowerment. These direct and indirect effects of supervisory mentoring are stronger when supervisors demonstrate a higher level of political skill. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.