一起工伤事故的分析与预防

叙述了工作面减速机液力耦合器伤人经过 ,分析了事故各方面的原因 ,并制定了预防措施 ,具有普遍性和典型性。     

江西省严重酸雨地带形成的影响因素

采用数字模拟技术,绘制了江西省降雨pH值曲面投影图及其等值线图,发现江西省在南昌(鹰潭(临川(吉安(赣州一线形成南北方向的“r”字形的严重酸雨带,并指出这条严重酸雨带的走向与信风环流圈和副热带高压带纬向环流一致.提出了矿山废石堆的硫化矿物是造成严重酸雨的主要致酸物质来源,揭示了江西省降雨pH值随副热带高压脊季节性南北推移而变化的规律.     

环保产业的战略价值与调控激励机制探讨

环保产业对人类社会的持续协调发展具有巨大的价值贡献 ,是战略性产业。人们应借鉴国际经验并结合国情 ,建立我国环保产业有效的调控激励机制 :从加强环保产业的驱动因素入手 ,制定有效的产业扶植政策 ,加强技术创新 ,构筑环保产业大市场格局 ,促进环保产业向深层次快速发展。 更多还原      

广州市城市热岛时间变化特征及与大气总悬浮颗粒物关系的研究(英文)

文章研究了1985-2005年期间广州市城市热岛强度时间变化及与大气总悬浮颗粒物浓度的关系.结果表明.由于经济的快速增长和城市化进程不断加快,广州市城市热岛效应十分明显,年平均热岛强度在0.20～2.10℃之间波动.受季风等大范围气候背景及降雨的影响,月平均热岛强度具有明显的季节变化特征,总体上呈"U"字形变化,其中7月份热岛强度最低,11月份最高.不同时次(02:00,08:00,14:00和20:00)的热岛强度以08:00时最高,而以14:00最低.最低温度下的热岛强度呈现出稳定增长的趋势(平均值为1.09℃),显示出广州近地面平均气温上升以最低温度最为明显.自1994年之后广州市大气总悬浮颗粒物水平呈现出明显的下降趋势,然而1982年到1998年期间仍然超过了国家大气质量二级标准所规定的浓度限值0.200 mg/m3.研究还表明,广州城市年平均热岛强度与年平均大气总悬浮颗粒物浓度之间存在显著的负相关,负相关系数为-0.676.尽管市区大气总悬浮颗粒物可以反射太阳辐射,降低日照时间,最终产生致冷效应,但是广州城市热岛效应是全球气候变暖下的大气增温和悬浮颗粒物降温之间平衡作用的结果.     

城市土地置换过程中的土壤环境影响评价探讨

城市土地置换开发已成为城市发展过程中的重要内容.由于置换的工业用地大多受到了原有生产过程的影响,可能存在着不同程度的土壤污染,而这种潜在的土壤污染又会成为城市土地置换开发的阻碍因素.在对美国相关场地环境影响评价程序概述的基础上,选取上海市2000-2004年完成的30本环境影响报告书,从环境要素、评价内容等方面,对城市土地置换过程中开展土壤环境影响评价存在的主要问题进行探讨,并结合上海某区域土地置换开发环境影响评价案例以及美国场地环境影响评价的实践工作和程序,深入分析了土壤环境影响评价工作可能存在的阻碍因素,并提出了相关改进措施.      

利用复合酵母菌系统处理含油污泥

利用筛选得到的10株酵母菌组成复合酵母菌系统,并将该复合菌系统接种到泥浆反应器中对模拟油泥样品进行了处理。在对反应器进行优化的基础上,比较了复合酵母菌体系和经驯化的活性污泥体系对模拟风化油泥的处理效果,发现复合酵母菌在反应速度和油去除率上都优于活性污泥。利用GCMS对复合酵母菌处理体系中主要脂肪烃组分的变化进行了分析,结果表明原油组分中脂肪烃部分在处理8d后基本被完全降解。     

Changes in soil microbial community structure associated with two types of genetically engineered plants analyzing by PLFA

With the rapid expansion of GEPs(genetically engineered plants), people are more and more concerned about the ecological risks brought by their release. Assessing the effect of GEPs on soil microbial ecology is indispensable to study their ecological risks. In our study, the phospholipids fatty acid(PLFA) method was used to analyze the microbial community of soil samples collected from fields with two types of GEPs-Bt transgenic com and PVY( potato virus Y) cell protein gene transgenic potato. The principal components analysis(PCA) showed all controls were on the right of related GEPs samples along the PC1 (the first principal component) axis, which means a decrease of fungi in soils with genetically engineered crop since most of PLFAs that are strongly positively correlated with PC1 represent fungi. For samples collected from Bt transgenic cornfield, the ratios of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria were less than those of controls. For samples of transgenic potato field, these ratios were lower than those of controls when soils were collected from deep layer(20-40 cm), but were higher when soils collected from surface layer(0-20 cm). For soils collected from 0-20 cm, the ratios of fungi to bacteria for all GEPs samples were at the same level. So were such rations for all controls. Changes of soil microbial community in two types of GEPs fields were detected in our study, but the causes and more information still needs further study.     

解决城市污水处理设施发展资金缺口战略

为解决城市污水处理设施建设和运营存在着严重的资金缺口的问题,运用FEASIBLE模型,选择四川省14个位于三峡库区影响地带的市/县,对其污水处理设施建设和运营的资金缺口进行模拟计算和预测.基于模拟结果提出3种不同的融资战略:纳税人付费融资战略、使用者付费融资战略和市场导向融资战略,并对其可行性进行分析.结果表明:任何一种融资战略实施起来都有难度,纳税人付费融资战略并不能确保实现城市污水处理设施的发展目标;而使用者付费融资战略和市场导向融资战略的可行性严重依赖于城市污水处理设施部门的制度和法律的改革及地方政府融资.      

水源地研究的进展与展望

系统论述了国内外水源地研究的进展情况,对水源地面源污染控制、土地利用变化的环境响应、规划管理技术以及经济手段使用等研究热点进行了深入探讨,并在此基础上指出国内水源地研究的主要方向。     

Enhanced organic phosphorus detection in sediments by foam separation and 31P-NMR

Phosphorus (P) is both a nutrient and a pollutant. For instance, excess P induces water eutrophication followed by death of fishes and other water life. Determination of organic P content in sediments is therefore important to study P cycling and environmental pollution. The most widely used method to determine organic P in sediments is NaOH–EDTA extraction followed by ³¹P-NMR detection. However, some organic P compounds are difficult to extract using NaOH–EDTA due to the low solubility, thus can not be detected by ³¹P NMR. Here, we used foam separation to determine organic P in sediment of North Canal of Tianjin City, China. Organic P was first enriched using foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction. The enriched organic P was then analyzed with ³¹P NMR. The results showed that, compared with the traditional extraction method, foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction enriched more P compound because ³¹P NMR detected an extra signal of teichoic acid at chemical shift 1.14. This teichoic acid signal was not detected in the extract prepared using only NaOH–EDTA. Our finding demonstrates that determination using foam separation followed by ³¹P NMR is feasible.