成都经济区土壤中HCH和DDT含量及其分布特点

通过对成都经济区土壤中HCH各异构体、DDT及其衍生物的含量及分布特点研究,得出成都经济区土壤中HCH和DDT都有较高的检出率,含量变化幅度也很大,含量较高点主要分布在化工厂附近。对比其他地区研究结果,成都经济区HCH含量较低,DDT含量较高。以西藏地区作为背景值,HCH有一定的污染,DDT污染较为严重。     

低施磷水平下不同施肥对太湖地区黄泥土磷迁移性的影响

对太湖地区水稻土上长达13年的长期不同施肥处理的某试验田进行了土壤全磷、树脂磷和水溶性磷的测定分析.不同处理的年施磷量为0～53kg/(hm²·a),土壤全磷为0.3～0.5g·k^-1.根据土壤磷素的质量平衡,计算表明该水稻土存在的磷素流失量为2～8kg/(hm²·a),单施化肥下的流失量最大,为配施有机肥处理的2～4倍;水溶性磷的比率在0.2%～0.4%间,且不同施肥实践对其的影响不明显.但单施化肥有使亚表层树脂磷和水溶性磷含量提高的倾向.长期施用化肥配施大量鲜猪粪使树脂磷含量提高20～40 mg·kg^-1,但与长期施用化肥配施秸秆的处理一样没有发生在有机质增加下的磷活化而提高磷流失.这些说明本地区长期单施化肥的水稻土中可能存在强烈的磷流失,且水稻土磷流失并不以水溶解发生.为了防止水稻土磷的强烈水流失而加剧农业非点源污染,要避免长期单施化肥,而应坚持和推广配施适量有机肥.     

封闭景观水体的表观污染机制研究

良好的表观性状是城市水体发挥景观功能的基本条件,现今封闭景观水体的表观受污染严重。以景观园林师陶园内的封闭水体为研究对象,进行为期半年的现场观察和水质监测,运用吸收光谱法研究了水体表观污染的历程,并进行了表观污染指数(SPI)及环境因子间的相关性分析以了解表观污染机制。研究发现,封闭水体的表观污染程度随季节变化明显,SPI与温度(T)、浊度、腐殖酸(UV254)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)均显著正相关,与溶解氧(DO)显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.786、0.951、0.595、0.849、-0.699。结果表明,植物残体的腐烂分解以及浮萍和藻类的竞争性生长会导致水体颜色和浊度异常,甚至出现发黑发臭的严重表观污染现象。     

流化床污泥干燥器床料的颗粒度对流化情况的影响

以上海白龙港污水处理厂流化床污泥干燥系统为研究对象,针对流化床污泥干燥器流化情况的好坏分析,在确定其它变量（流化风量、给料分配器转速、料层压差、运行负荷等）不变的情况下,对床料颗粒度的工艺参数进行研究实验,总结颗粒度的工艺参数对流化情况的运行变化规律,从而提高了流化床污泥干燥系统的稳定性、连续性和高效性。     

Submerged vegetation removal promotes shift of dominant phytoplankton functional groups in a eutrophic lake

Historical data indicate that the dominance of submerged plants in Dianchi Lake in the 1960 s was characterized by low algal density with dominance of non-toxic group J（Scenedesmus,Pediastrum,etc.）. The removal of submerged plants,which began in the 1970 s,resulted in the expansion of bloom-forming Microcystis（group M）. Laboratory experiments suggested that Microcystis aeruginosa was inclined to grow and develop at elevated temperatures. The growth of Scenedesmus obliquus was slower than that of co-cultivated M. aeruginosa in the absence of Ceratophyllum demersum,especially at higher temperatures. The existence of submerged plant C. demersum could inhibit the growth of the harmful algae M. aeruginosa and this inhibitory effect by C. demersum was enhanced with an increase in temperature. Instead,with C. demersum,the growth of S. obliquus was not inhibited,but the co-cultivated M. aeruginosa was eliminated in a short time. Combined with the historical data and laboratory experiments,it was indicated that the submerged plants might play important roles in the dominance of the non-toxic group J in the historical succession. Consequently,the introduction of the submerged plant such as C. demersum might alter the dominant phytoplankton functional groups from M to J and benefit the restoration of the eutrophic lake.     

Effect of seed sludge on characteristics and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated by using different kinds of seed sludge in sequencing batch airlift reactor.The influence of seed sludge on physical and chemical properties of granular sludge was studied;the microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscope and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that seed sludge played an important role on the formation of aerobic granules.Seed sludge taken from beer wastewater treatment plant(inoculum A) was more suitable for cultivating aerobic granules than that of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant(inoculum B).Cultivated with inoculum A, large amount of mature granules formed after 35 days operation, its SVI reached 32.75 mL/g, and SOUR of granular sludge was beyond 1.10 mg/(g·min).By contrast, it needed 56 days obtaining mature granules using inoculum B.DGGE profiles indicated that the dominant microbial species in mature granules were 18 and 11 OTU when inoculum A and B were respectively employed as seed sludge.The sequencing results suggested that dominant species in mature granules cultivated by inoculum A were Paracoccus sp., Devosia hwasunensi, Pseudoxanthomonas sp., while the dominant species were Lactococcus raffinolactis and Pseudomonas sp.in granules developed from inoculum B.     

Microbial biodegradation of microcystin-RR by bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A strain,USTB-05,isolated from Lake Dianchi,China,degraded the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-RR(MC-RR) at the rate of 16.7 mg/L per day.Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the strain was Sphingopyxis sp.Enzymatic degradation pathways for MC-RR by Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 were identified.Adda-Arg peptide bond of MC-RR was cleaved and then a hydrogen and a hydroxyl were combined onto the NH 2 group of Adda and the carboxyl group of arginine to form a linear molecule as intermediate product within the ...     

下凹式绿地对城市降雨径流污染的削减效应

以现场7次降雨14组径流污染监测数据为基础,探讨了下凹式绿地对城市降雨径流污染的削减效应,分析了径流污染负荷、绿地土壤与覆被植物、降雨历时等因素对污染削减率的影响.结果表明,当COD,NH4+-N和TP的浓度分别为56.0~216.0,0.27~2.97,0.20~0.95mg/L时,下凹式绿地对COD,NH4+-N和TP的平均削减率为52.21%,48.98%和47.35%.下凹式绿地对径流污染的削减过程可分为2个阶段:初期1h的径流污染削减率符合一级动力学模式,后期径流污染削减规律可用二级动力学模式表示.降雨历时增加可提高污染物削减率,当降雨历时约从3h增加到20h时,径流污染的综合削减率可从40%上升到65%.     

临街建筑群中交通噪声的计算机模拟

给出了临街建筑群中纵深方向的交通噪声计算机模拟预测方法。交通干道上车流采用泊松分布和等车距车流相结合模型，考虑多种车型的不同声功率级。每辆车作为一个点声源，以几何声学方法考虑直达声和有限次反射声对测点的影响。在计算程序中只要输入车流量，车流成份，建筑群中有关巷道宽度，测点在巷子纵深方向距离及背景噪声等数据，计算机便能输出Ｌ１０，Ｌ５０，Ｌ９８，Ｌｅｑ等声级值。模拟结果和实测值基本一致。     

洪泽湖浮游动物时空分布特征及其驱动因素

洪泽湖是我国第四大淡水湖,承担着周边的工农业用水以及为人类提供渔业资源等重要功能.研究洪泽湖浮游动物群落结构变化可为洪泽湖生态环境的科学管理提供理论依据.通过2017年3月至2018年2月的逐月调查数据,结合洪泽湖浮游动物的种类组成、密度和生物量的时空变化,以及群落多样性和优势种的季节变化特征,并运用典范对应分析等方法探讨了洪泽湖浮游动物的时空变化与环境因子的相互关系.群落结构分析表明,洪泽湖浮游动物年均密度为383.87 ind·L^-1,年均生物量为1.36 mg·L^-1.洪泽湖浮游动物群落结构时空变化较大,时间上夏季浮游动物群落结构波动较大,秋季浮游动物密度与生物量均达到最大值,冬季浮游动物群落结构最为简单;空间上成子湖和溧河洼浮游动物较为丰富,差异较小,过水区浮游动物较少且变化较大.典范对应分析表明,洪泽湖浮游动物群落结构的时空变化与水位、总磷、水温和总氮等因素显著相关.不同时间浮游动物群落结构变化的主导因素不同,夏季主导因素是水位与水温;秋冬季主导因素是水温、营养盐及叶绿素等.不同湖区点位集中程度不同,过水区分布的更为分散,浮游动物群落结构差异较大,成子湖和溧河洼分布的相对集中,浮游动物群落结构差异较小.水位波动对浮游动物群落结构的变化影响最大,表现在水位波动会直接影响浮游动物群落结构,同时也会通过影响水质而间接影响浮游动物群落结构.