Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk for premature ovarian failure and reproductive hormones imbalance

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a typical class of persistent organic pollutants that is ubiquitous worldwide. Previous animal studies suggested that PAHs had adverse effects on female reproduction. However, the human data regarding relationship of PAHs exposure with women reproductive health, such as ovarian dysfunction, are scarce. In this case-control study, the associations of serum levels of PAHs with the risk of premature ovarian failure (POF) and reproductive hormones in Chinese women were investigated, with recruiting 157 POF patients and 217 healthy women. The serum levels of 12 types of PAHs, as well as reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and anti-mullerian hormone, were determined. In the logistic regression models, most individual PAH congeners showed significantly positive correlations with the risk of POF (p < 0.05), except for fluorine and pyrene. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), as the most carcinogenic PAH congener, was observed to be significantly positively associated with the risk of POF. After adjustment for age, body mass index, educational levels and household income, per one-unit increase in the log-transformed BaP concentration was significantly correlated with 2.191-fold increased risk of POF (OR = 2.191, 95%CI: 1.634–2.938, p < 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between internal exposure levels of PAHs and the increased risk of POF in women.     

Surface characterization of metal oxides-supported activated carbon fiber catalysts for simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide

The sol–gel method was used to synthesize a series of metal oxides-supported activated carbon fiber (ACF) and the simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis activity of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS₂) at relatively low temperatures of 60°C was tested. The effects of preparation conditions on the catalyst properties were investigated, including the kinds and amount of metal oxides and calcination temperatures. The activity tests indicated that catalysts with 5 wt.% Ni after calcining at 400°C (Ni(5)/ACF(400)) had the best performance for the simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis of COS and CS₂. The surface and structure properties of prepared ACF were characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), carbon dioxide-temperature programmed desorption (CO₂-TPD) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared reflection (DRFTIR). And the metal cation defects were researched by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. The characterization results showed that the supporting of Ni on the ACF made the ACF catalyst show alkaline and increased the specific surface area and the number of micropores, then improved catalytic hydrolysis activity. The DRFTIR results revealed that -OH species could facilitate the hydrolysis of COS and CS₂; -COO and -C–O species could facilitate the oxidation of catalytic hydrolysate H₂S. And the EPR results showed that high calcination temperature conditions provide more active reaction center for the COS and CS₂ adsorption.     

基于二次铝灰的地聚反应稳固化垃圾飞灰

基于工业生产铝过程中回收的二次铝灰（SAD）的地质聚合反应,提出了一种稳固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWIFA）的新方法,分析硅铝物质的量之比对飞灰中重金属浸出浓度及地聚物固化体力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,当硅铝物质的量之比小于2.5时,二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体与偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中的重金属浸出浓度均随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而逐渐降低,2种固化体的抗压强度随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而增加;硅铝物质的量之比达到2.5时,重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度均趋于稳定.XRD分析结果显示,偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中聚合物的种类与数量均略高于二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体.但从重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度来看,2类固化体对飞灰中重金属的稳固化效果的差别很小,二次铝灰加上部分硅基材料可以作为偏高岭土的替代品,用于稳固化飞灰重金属的地质聚合反应中.二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体的抗压强度达到13.65MPa,具备一定的力学性能,可用于部分特定的建筑材料.     

基于氨氮,硝氮及乙酸条件下Anammox菌的培养

为探讨Anammox菌在氨氮、硝氮及乙酸条件下的富集特性,采用某城市污水处理厂A²/O系统中的生物填料作为MBBR的载体直接启动并运行.结果表明,在NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N及乙酸为基质的培养条件下,Anammox菌可在部分反硝化和厌氧氨氧化协同作用下快速富集.经过130d的富集培养,MBBR处理负荷（以N计）达到920.79mg/（m²·d）,Anammox活性（以NH₄⁺-N计）达到3 018.19mg/（m²·d）.高通量结果显示,经富集培养后,Ca.Brocadia占比从0.89%增至27.80%,为Anammox菌的主导菌属;Thauera占比从0.01%增至6.75%,Flavobacterium占比从0.29%增至11.72%,为部分反硝化菌的主导菌属.     

苯胺高效降解菌的筛选及共代谢机制

本实验从苯胺废水中分离筛选出一株苯胺高效降解菌,并将其命名为LS1。经过形态特征和序列相似性对比,确定LS1为粪产碱杆菌。苯胺降解能力实验结果显示,苯胺浓度为1 000 mg/L以下,停留时间延长至72 h时,菌株LS1对苯胺的降解率可达到95%以上。苯胺最佳共代谢碳源选择的实验结果显示,以1 000 mg/L为苯胺实验浓度时,抗坏血酸对菌株LS1的降解率提高最为明显,其次是甲醇、葡萄糖、淀粉、蔗糖。鉴于对方便保存和经济方面的考虑,选取葡萄糖为最佳共代谢碳源,并通过实验证明最佳投加比为苯胺与葡萄糖COD为2∶1时。     

施用牛粪对As污染稻田水稻As吸收的影响

为探究牛粪施肥对污染稻田水稻As吸收的影响,采用盆栽培养试验研究了施加牛粪对土壤Fe和As的活性、水稻根表铁膜形成及籽粒As含量的影响。实验所用受高As矿山废水污染土壤(As:92. 3 mg/kg)施加10%～30%的牛粪,土壤溶解性有机碳含量增加8. 41～24. 5 mg/kg,土壤孔隙水pH提高0. 14～0. 59,土壤氧化还原电位降低93. 5～174 m V,与背景土(As:18. 1 mg/kg)变化趋势相同;施用牛粪还会活化土壤中的Fe和As,污染土壤Fe(II)、AO-Fe和HCl-As含量分别增加13. 5%～149%、35. 9%～90. 9%和70. 1%～181%,分别为背景土壤的0. 86～1. 66倍、1. 17～2. 15倍、4. 29～8. 91倍;施加牛粪能促进根表铁膜的形成,拔节期污染土壤和背景土壤水稻根表Fe分别是其对照的1. 56～1. 96倍和2. 09～3. 07倍,根表吸附As含量是其对照的3. 04～5. 18、3. 82～4. 08倍,根表附着Fe随牛粪的增加先增加后降低,至成熟期污染土壤水稻根表吸附Fe和As分别是背景土壤的1. 35～2. 91和8. 45～16. 6倍,根表As和Fe的物质量比为污染区(3. 49×10~(-3)～3. 55×10~(-3))背景区(4. 41×10~(-4)～6. 17×10~(-4));背景土壤施加牛粪后水稻籽粒As含量降低,最大降低36. 4%,而污染土壤水稻籽粒As含量增加,最大增加127%。牛粪对土壤As、Fe的活性及根表铁膜的形成都具有重要影响,会提高污染稻田籽粒中As的含量,含As矿山废水污染稻田应当谨慎施用牛粪。     

基于六自由度道路模拟技术的座椅加速试验方法

目的 通过六自由度振动试验台对座椅进行道路模拟加速试验。方法 在整车试验场采集座椅与地板安装位置处六个方向的加速度谱,进行去毛刺、漂移等初步处理后,将加速度谱的幅值放大,得到真实损伤放大后的加速度谱。在六自由度振动试验台上分别采集原始和放大后的加速度谱下相同点位的应变谱,通过危险截面法分别计算出原始和放大后加速度谱下各点的真实损伤。以各点的原始路谱真实损伤值作为横坐标,放大幅值后路谱的真实损伤作为纵坐标,通过曲线拟合将各点拟合出一条直线,直线的斜率即为放大后加速度谱损伤实际放大的倍数,总循环次数得到相应倍数的缩减。结果 通过验证,将路谱幅值放大1~1.2倍左右,总损伤放大1.5~2倍左右,试验时间缩短为原来的1/2~2/3左右。结论 通过该方法在原有的座椅六自由度道路模拟试验的基础上,进一步缩短了试验时间,减少了试验费用。     

生物炭纳米复合材料去除环境中有机污染物研究进展

近年来,生物炭在环境修复、固碳、土壤改良等方面的得到广泛应用,与纳米材料联合制备的新型生物炭纳米复合材料使原生生物炭的比表面积、孔隙结构、官能团、催化降解能力等方面都有了较大改善,具有更好的可持续性和高效性,对环境中有机污染物具有良好的去除能力。本文介绍了生物炭纳米复合材料的不同制备工艺,重点阐述了生物炭纳米复合材料对不同环境介质中有机污染物的去除机理及应用,为后续生物炭纳米复合材料在环境修复应用的工程化和商业化提供理论依据和技术参考。     

泰安市大气臭氧污染特征及敏感性分析

2018年5～7月对泰安市城区站点的臭氧及前体物进行在线监测,并基于特征比值法和光化学模型分析了臭氧及前体物的污染特征及臭氧生成对前体物的敏感性.结果表明,观测期间泰安市正遭受较为严重的臭氧(O_3)污染,臭氧浓度的日变化呈典型的单峰型变化,15:00左右出现最高值,氮氧化物(NO_x)和VOCs的日变化趋势整体呈现夜间高白天低的变化特征.由O_3生成效率(OPE)、VOCs/NO_x和H_2O_2/NO_z特征比值法及基于EKMA曲线的方法均得出观测期间泰安市大气O_3光化学生成偏向于NO_x敏感区及过渡区,削减NO_x和VOCs均对O_3生成具有控制作用.同时基于EKMA曲线的方法还得出在O_3前体物浓度减排时按照丙烯等效浓度(PE)与NO_x浓度比值为8∶3进行VOCs(PE)和NO_x削减可以达到O_3浓度控制的最佳效果.     

石家庄城市地表灰尘中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源

采用高效液相色谱法,对2017年2月12~19日所采集的石家庄市64个地表灰尘样品中16种优先控制的多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量和组分特征进行分析,并运用比值法和主成分因子载荷法揭示其污染来源。结果表明,16种PAHs的总量(Σ16PAHs)范围为0.897~81.458 mg/kg,平均值为8.138 mg/kg,其中Fla的含量最高为1.136 mg/kg,Flu最低为0.129 mg/kg,强致癌物质Bap为0.567 mg/kg。7种致癌多环芳烃(Σ7CPAHs)的含量范围为0.213~43.690 mg/kg,平均值为3.402 mg/kg,占Σ16PAHs的41.80%。与国内外其他城市相比,石家庄城市地表灰尘中PAHs含量处于较高水平,且以4环为主。来源分析结果表明,石家庄市地表灰尘中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的燃烧,以石油燃烧为主,其方差贡献率为69.30%,柴油燃烧和石油泄漏的方差贡献率分别为8.67%和7.43%。由石家庄灰尘中PAHs的空间分布分析得出交通源对石家庄二环内冬季灰尘中PAHs贡献显著。