以公交车为平台的应急医疗救援车辆快速改装研究

针对社会公共突发事件造成的创伤特点，以现有灾害和恐怖活动快速医学救援为侧重点，提出临时快速改装以公交车辆为平台的系列现场伤员救治与抢运装备的设想，并详细分析了建立公交车机动医院的必要性和可行性。公交车机动医院的实施将对未来我国处理公共突发事件提供新的应对措施。     

Organochlorine pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents in the blood of chemically sensitive patients [corrected]. A statistical comparison with therapeutic medication and natural hormones

The blood levels of organochlorine pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents were measured in 200 and 114 chemically sensitive patients respectively, and compared with blood concentrations of standard medication (non- chlorinated substances. Clonidine, Haloperidol) of comparable toxicity after therapeutically effective dosage, and with reference levels of highly potent chemicals in the blood such as hormones. It was shown that the average blood levels of the most toxic environmental pollutants are comparable with the therapeutic steady state average blood levels of medications which have similar toxicities in the animal model. In addition the toxicity levels of xenoestrogens are at least an order of magnitude higher than normal plasma estrogen or progesterone levels. These findings suggest the possibility of additive or synergistic effects of these chlorinated compounds and the aforementioned medications. Also, these findings suggest the possibility of hormone deregulation from exposure to the aforementioned toxic chlorinated compounds.     

关于安全工程学研究的几个问题

阐述安全工程学的基本内容和“安全第一 ,预防为主”的方针。针对当前企业安全生产所面临的道德、心理、安全系统、责任制、监督监察及培训教育等问题 ,探讨了安全工程学与法学、经济学的关系 ,阐明了笔者的观点和研究的思路。     

企业安全效益的量化

安全就是效益 ,而安全效益的量化问题一直是企业非常关心的问题。笔者通过安全效益的论述、量化分析 ,提出了企业安全效益由安全管理所创造的直接经济效益、间接经济效益、安全投入转化的经济效益、潜在经济效益四部分组成的新观点 ;推导出安全效益的量化公式 ,从而揭示了安全与效益的辩证统一关系 ;得出了安全效益从定性走向定量是必然的规律和安全效益完全可以进行量化计算的重要结论。     

电渗析技术的新进展

电渗析技术是膜分离技术之一 ,由于具有高效、低能耗等特点已经被多个行业广泛使用。本文阐述了几种新的电渗析技术 ,包括无隔板电渗析、填充床电渗析、双极膜电渗析等 ,并探讨和综述其研究现状和发展前景。     

配电线路发生火灾事故的原因及预防

介绍了配电线路在运行中发生短路、过负荷以及导线或电缆接头处接触电阻过大而引起导线过热、产生火花和电弧引起火灾事故的原因。并针对上述原因 ,提出安全用电 ,预防配电线路发生火灾事故的安全技术措施     

市场机制在白色污染物回收处置中的应用探讨——以上海一次性塑料餐具废弃物为例

近10年来上海城市生活垃圾组分中,以塑料为代表的包装废物的组分份额上升趋势尤为显著;上海GDP持续高速增长,但单位GDP城市废弃物清运量的下降率却显著低于GDP的年均增长率,一定程度上说明环卫行业的投资渠道较为单一,缺乏竞争和优化配置的市场机制;上海各类废弃塑料主要流向江浙一带,进行小规模低技术层次的加工处理,容易形成隐蔽的废品交易暗流;造成“白色污染”屡禁不止的重要原因是忽视了基于生产者责任的市场调控机制,社会化的回收体系薄弱;上海从2000年10月起,对一次性塑料餐具的回收处置建立了基于生产者责任的市场机制,由于一次性塑料饭盒的区域回收网络建设滞后,实施的效果有效但仍有限.     

Primary production and rain use efficiency across a precipitation gradient on the Mongolia Plateau

Understanding how the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of arid and semiarid ecosystems of the world responds to variations in precipitation is crucial for assessing the impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. Rain-use efficiency (RUE) is an important measure for acquiring this understanding. However, little is known about the response pattern of RUE for the largest contiguous natural grassland region of the world, the Eurasian Steppe. Here we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of ANPP and RUE and their key driving factors based on a long-term data set from 21 natural arid and semiarid ecosystem sites across the Inner Mongolia steppe region in northern China. Our results showed that, with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP), (1) ANPP increased while the interannual variability of ANPP declined, (2) plant species richness increased and the relative abundance of key functional groups shifted predictably, and (3) RUE increased in space across different ecosystems but decreased with increasing annual precipitation within a given ecosystem. These results clearly indicate that the patterns of both ANPP and RUE are scale dependent, and the seemingly conflicting patterns of RUE in space vs. time suggest distinctive underlying mechanisms, involving interactions among precipitation, soil N, and biotic factors. Also, while our results supported the existence of a common maximum RUE, they also indicated that its value could be substantially increased by altering resource availability, such as adding nitrogen. Our findings have important implications for understanding and predicting ecological impacts of global climate change and for management practices in arid and semiarid ecosystems in the Inner Mongolia steppe region and beyond.     

广州帽峰山林区空气负离子动态及与环境因子的关系

采用定位连续观测方法,研究了广州帽峰山森林公园负离子含量近5年的年、季、月变化及不同天气的变化规律,并以此对帽峰山森林公园的空气质量进行了计量评价.分析了空气负离子含量与环境因子的相关关系.结果表明:林区不同观测区的负离子含量差异较大,山下瀑布空间负离子含量最高.平均水平达达2l 729 ions.cm-3;林内负离子含量年间及月间变化不大,沟谷小溪和山中部瀑布空间由于人为干扰,负离子含量年动态呈现降低趋势,山下瀑布空间年负离子含量维持在20000 iotis·cm-3左右;负离子含量的季节差异显著,春夏季大于冬秋季,夏季最高、冬季最低.空气质量评价系数CI的最低在2月份、最高在8月份.不同天气条件下负离子含量大小顺序为下雨>晴天>阴天.负离子含量与空气温度呈正相关,与空气湿度呈正相关.与空气气压呈负相关.