环保新形势下的经济增长方式改革研究

为了均衡环保和经济增长间的关系,对环保压力下的经济增长方式进行改革。分析了资源与经济增长的关系、经济增长方式的内涵和经济增长方式的类型,介绍了国内外相关文献综述。对传统粗放型经济增长方式进行分析,发现其具有高投入、高消耗、低效益的特性,且中国单位产值所需的生产要素较其他发达国家和部分发展中国家高,但生产率与资金、资源利用率却比其他发达国家低。在面临环保压力时,中国因传统粗放型经济增长方式造成资源利用效率降低,影响经济增长,需对经济增长方式做出以下改革:转变生产函数,增加要素生产率,改变要素间相对地位;扩展价值链,使产业升级,提高附加值;改善产业结构,发展服务业。     

好氧颗粒污泥对有机物吸附类型的研究

为探索好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的去除机制,进行好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附性能及吸附类型研究,在实验室条件下,采用动态吸附方式,利用SBAR反应器分析好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的去除情况。结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥存在初期吸附作用,最佳吸附时间为30~45 min,COD去处率60%;通过对失活前后好氧颗粒污泥对有机物吸附性能测定以及红外光谱分析,探究好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附类型,表明好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附是一个包含生物吸附和化学吸附的复杂过程。     

博斯腾湖水质矿化度模型及预测研究

根据博斯腾湖１９８５～１９９５年水质监测数据和出入湖水量等水文数据观测值，采用水质扩散模型和盐量平衡关系推导出博斯腾湖大湖区（简称博湖）水质矿化度模型，并预测了几种情况下博湖水质矿化度及近几年变化趋势，分析了影响博湖水质矿化度的主要因素，为博湖的近期和远期环境保护规划、环境管理等提供科学依据．     

我国海洋环境污染监测质量保证的回顾与展望

我国海洋环境污染监测质量保证的发展历史可大致分为三个阶段：孕育阶段（１９７２～１９７７年）起步阶段（１９７８～１９８３年）和发展阶段（１９８４～）。各个阶段有不同的特色和侧重点，１９７８年前主要探索与污染物质的分析方法，１９８４年后是监测质量保证工作进入管理时期。     

Water quality test based on dielectrophoretic measurements of fresh water algae Selenastrum capricornutum

A method is described whereby dielectrophoresis of algal cells is used to perform rapid water quality analysis, specifically detecting the presence of CuSO4. The dielectric collection spectrum of the fresh water alga Selenastrum capricornutum was determined for a range of concentrations of CuSO4 from 25 mg L(-1) to 0.25 mg L(-1) for exposure times of 15 min and 18 h. In all cases increasing the concentration of CuSO4 reduced cell collection, but a step reduction was observed in collection between 2 mg L(-1) and 5 mg L(-1). This method has potential for forming a rapid, low-cost test for water quality with broad specificity and significantly reduced analysis time compared to current methods.     

A study of the elemental leachability and retention capability of compost

In this work a comparison is made between the different approaches that can be taken to evaluate the mobility of elements in compost. The practical consequences of the results obtained are also discussed in terms of methods for cleaning up compost and using compost in environmental remediation. The mobility of potentially toxic elements in compost is evaluated by leaching with four selected eluents, i.e. diluted sulfuric acid, oxalate, citrate and EDTA. In contrast to the chelating agents, diluted sulfuric acid was found to generally have a low leaching capability for removal of heavy metals from compost. This implies that the risk of heavy metal leaching caused by natural rainfall is likely to be low. The results obtained in the leaching experiment were compared with previous results obtained from sequential fractionation. This comparison confirmed that both methods gave similar results for predicting the lability of elements in compost. A non-linear regression analysis of the leaching curves was also conducted. The leaching curves for elements with high lability could be fitted with a two components model. The labile components identified by the kinetic model are approximately in accordance with the fractions obtained from the first step of the sequential extraction method. The kinetic speciation method is shown to be a relatively rapid and simple procedure for compost which gives more information about element lability than simple leaching experiments. The leaching reagents used in this work were not effective enough to be used for cleaning up compost with a high metal content. Compost was however shown to have a high affinity for heavy metals, with the order of affinity of metal for the compost being very similar to that seen for humic acid. Compost may therefore prove to be a good remediation material for metal contaminated waste.     

福建省森林固定CO2价值评估

借鉴国内外研究成果,引入“市场逼近系数”,构造森林固定CO2效益经济结构模型,评估福建省森林固定CO2价值,为福建省森林资源的科学管理和资产评估提供了借鉴和参考。     

中国“达标排放”政策的实证分析及理论探讨

以固定点源烟尘排放为例,从排放标准和监测标准两方面讨论了中国现阶段“达标排放”的状况,指出当前的大气污染源达标排放实际上是“初步达标排放”,现在的排放标准和监测规范合适考核污染源的初步达标排放,不适合考核污染源的连续达标排放。排放标准的规定形式、监测规范和适用范围需要改革。现在的排放标准指标需要与监测规范和超标率限值结合起来,以促进污染源的连续达标排放。     

城市大气环境质量主要影响因素分析

采用灰色关联度分析方法，对影响城市大气环境质量的因素进行了相关分析，并对呈负相关关系的影响因素关联度计算采取了倒数化算子处理，使计算结果更切合实际。     

室内空气品质评价方法研究进展

介绍了室内空气品质评价的定义、评价的标准和几种现行的评价方法.通过对这几种方法进行系统地介绍,比较这些方法在室内空气品质评价时的优劣,对其中的几种方法提出了改进意见,为进一步研究室内空气评价方法指明了方向.