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751.
基于熵权可拓决策模型的重庆三峡库区水土资源承载力评价 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
针对目前水土资源承载力评价中存在的信息屏蔽和主观性问题,以重庆三峡库区为例,在构建区域水土资源承载力评价指标体系的基础上,结合可拓学和熵权理论,对其水土资源承载力进行定量评价.结果表明:重庆三峡库区水土资源承载力超载区及向超载转化区包括渝中区、大渡口区等6个区县,占库区总区县个数的27.27%;满载区及向满载转化区包括北碚区、渝北区和巴南区3个区县,占库区总区县个数的13.64%;承载平衡区及向承载平衡转化区包括万州区、涪陵区等7个区县,占库区总区县个数的31.82%;可盈余承载及向可盈余承载转化区包括巫山县、巫溪县等6个区县,占库区总区县个数的27.27%.单指标评价结果表明,重庆三峡库区水土资源承载力主要影响因子是人均水资源量、废水排放率、人均耕地面积等.研究结果对于促进重庆三峡库区水土资源开发利用,并为类似地区的水土资源承载力评价提供了一种新方法. 相似文献
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Shang Wang Weiguo Hou Hongchen Jiang Liuqin Huang Hailiang Dong Shu Chen Bin Wang Yongcan Chen Binliang Lin Ye Deng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):156-167
Organic and inorganic materials migrate downstream and have important roles in regulating environmental health in the river networks. However, it remains unclear whether and how a mixture of materials (i.e., microbial species) from various upstream habitats contribute to microbial community coalescence upstream of a dam. Here we track the spatial variation in microbial abundance and diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data. We further quantitatively assess the relative contributions of microbial species from mainstem, its tributaries, and the surrounding riverbank soils to the area immediately upstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). We found an increase of microbial diversity and the convergent microbial distribution pattern in areas immediately upstream of TGD, suggesting this area become a new confluence for microbial diversity immigrating from upstream. Indeed, the number of shared species increased from upstream to TGD but unique species decreased, indicating immigration of various sources of microbial species overwhelms local environmental conditions in structuring microbial community close to TGD. By quantifying the sources of microbial species close to TGD, we found little contribution from soils as compared to tributaries, especially for sites closer to TGD, suggesting tributary microbes have greater influence on microbial diversity and environmental health in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Collectively, our results suggest that tracking microbial geographic origin and evaluating accumulating effects of microbial diversity shed light on the ecological processes in microbial communities and provide information for regulating aquatic ecological health. 相似文献
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Qiongfang Zhuo Xiang Li Feng Yan Bo Yang Shubo Deng Jun Huang Gang Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(8):1733-1740
The 6:2 FTS was the substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) in the chrome plating industry in Japan. Electrochemical oxidation of 6:2 FTS was investigated in this study. The degradabilities of PFOS and 6:2 FTS were tested on the Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–Bi2O3anode. The effects of current density,potential,and supporting electrolyte on the degradation of 6:2 FTS were evaluated. Experimental results showed that 6:2 FTS was more easily degraded than PFOS on the Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–Bi2O3anode. At a low current density of 1.42 mA/cm2,6:2 FTS was not degraded on Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–Bi2O3,while the degradation ratio increased when the current density ranged from 4.25 to 6.80 mA/cm2. The degradation of 6:2 FTS at current density of 6.80 mA/cm2 followed pseudo first-order kinetics with the rate constant of 0.074 hr-1. The anodic potential played an important role in the degradation of 6:2 FTS,and the pseudo first-order rate constants increased with the potential. The surface of Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–Bi2O3was contaminated after electrolysis at constant potential of 3 V,while the fouling phenomenon was not observed at 5 V. The fouled anode could be regenerated by incinerating at 600°C. The intermediates detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer(UPLC–MS/MS) were shorter chain perfluorocarboxylic acids. The 6:2 FTS was first attacked by hydroxyl radical,and then formed perfluorinated carboxylates,which decarboxylated and removed CF2 units to yield shorter-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids. 相似文献
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Effect of pyrene on denitrification activity and abundance and composition of denitrifying community in an agricultural soil 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Guo GX Deng H Qiao M Mu YJ Zhu YG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(7):1886-1895
Toxicity of pyrene on the denitrifiers was studied by spiking an agricultural soil with pyrene to a series of concentrations (0-500 mg kg−1) followed by dose-response and dynamic incubation experiments. Results showed a positive correlation between potential denitrification activity and copy numbers of denitrifying functional genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ), and were both negatively correlated with pyrene concentrations. Based on the comparison of EC50 values, denitrifiers harboring nirK, nirS or nosZ gene were more sensitive than denitrification activity, and denitrifiers harboring nirS gene were more sensitive than that harboring nirK or nosZ genes. Seven days after spiking with EC50 concentration of pyrene, denitrifiers diversity decreased and community composition changed in comparison with the control. Phylogenetic analyses of three genes showed that the addition of pyrene increased the proportion of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhodospirillales, Burkholderiales and Pseudomonadales. Some species belonging to these groups were reported to be able to degrade PAHs. 相似文献
759.
紫外分光光度法测定对硝基苯酚的适宜条件的探讨 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
对对硝基苯酚的浓度,溶液的pH,温度以及波长对测定结果的影响进行了初步实验,找出用紫外分光光度法测定对硝基苯酚的适宜条件。 相似文献
760.
Zhang Y Deng S Liu Y Shen G Li X Cao J Wang X Reid B Tao S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(3):694-699
Air-soil exchange is an important process governing the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A novel passive air sampler was designed and tested for measuring the vertical concentration profile of 4 low molecular weight PAHs in gaseous phase (PAHLMW4) in near soil surface air. Air at various heights from 5 to 520 mm above the ground was sampled by polyurethane foam disks held in down-faced cartridges. The samplers were tested at three sites: A: an extremely contaminated site, B: a site near A, and C: a background site on a university campus. Vertical concentration gradients were revealed for PAHLMW4 within a thin layer close to soil surface at the three sites. PAH concentrations either decreased (Site A) or increased (Sites B and C) with height, suggesting either deposition to or evaporation from soils. The sampler is a useful tool for investigating air-soil exchange of gaseous phase semi-volatile organic chemicals. 相似文献