猪场废弃物强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的试验研究

通过组织5个猪场废弃物堆肥试验，度量温度、表观性状、体积、重量损失、全氮、全磷、大肠杆菌值、蛔虫卵杀灭率和发芽指数等指标，检验了开发的强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的性能。结果表明，除起始含水率为80％试验堆体因起始含水率过高导致发生厌氧反应外，其余4个堆体均实现堆肥无害化、减量化、稳定化和资源化的处理目标；堆肥温度维持50℃以上5—7d，或55℃以上3d是大肠杆菌值达到国家粪便无害化卫生标准的必要条件；堆肥过程能有效脱除堆料的生物毒性，后腐熟阶段是必需阶段；氮、磷、钾等主要营养元素在堆肥前后呈现“浓缩效应”。因此，堆肥化能提高猪场废弃物肥效和利用价值。     

Accumulation and remobilization of aqueous chromium(VI) at iron oxide surfaces: Application of a thin-film continuous flow-through reactor

A thin-film continuous flow-through reactor was used to investigate reactions between aqueous Cr(VI) and two iron oxides, geothite and magnetite. Delayed effluent breakthrough of Cr(VI) indicated significant uptake by both oxides. Accumulation and remobilization of Cr(VI) depends on pH and the redox properties of the surface. For geothite the surface was quickly saturated and no further adsorption observed. Chromate anion (CrO₄²⁻) exhibited Langmuir-type adsorption. For magnetite, a significant slow steady-state rate of Cr(VI) uptake was observed. We propose two different mechanisms of chromium uptake: surface complexation of Cr(VI) species on geothite, and reductive precipitation of Cr(VI) at Fe(II) sites on magnetite.     

类-Fenton体系对水中17β-雌二醇的光降解

以250W照明金属卤化物灯为光源研究了水中17β-雌二醇（E2）在类-Fenton体系中的光降解。结果表明，Fe（Ⅲ）／H2O2体系能有效地光降解E2。pH3～6范围内，E2光降解率及反应初始速率随酸度的增大而增大；H2O2初始浓度越大，E2降解率及反应初始速率越大；E2初始浓度越低，E2降解率越高，反应初始速率越低。     

控制大气颗粒物的经济效应预测研究

大气颗粒物仍然是全球大气污染的主要影响因子.许多研究表明,可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度上升与疾病的死亡率、发病率关系密切,由此对经济产生直接或间接的影响.以香港为研究对象,通过流行病学研究和对健康影响评估,来预测和评价10年期效的减排措施获得的价值.结果显示,减排措施达到清洁空气的目标后,社会可以获得7.6亿至43.3亿港元的间接潜在收益.     

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs), which was designed independently. At the liquid temperature of (32 ± 0.4)°C, and after a 58-days domestication period and a 33-days stabilization period, the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%. Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria, and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria and nitritebacteria. This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH. During the aeration stage, the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2–1.4 mg/L. The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually. During the anoxic stage, along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen, ANAMMOX bacteria became dominant; then, the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously.     

大气环境影响预测模式应用的几个问题

将当前大气环境影响预测模式应用中，对颗粒污染物地面浓度模式修正，气态污染物地面最大浓度模式选用和求长方法，静风条件下地面浓度模式及其参数选择等方面容易出现疏忽或失误的问题提出了来讨论，并提出了正确的应用方法。     

环保经济发展趋势判断与方式改进研究

近几年,环保经济成为中国经济社会可持续发展的必然趋势和内在要求。但由于中国环保经济起步晚,在发展过程中逐渐显露出许多问题,阻碍了环保经济发展步伐,因此针对这些问题,对其进行了改进,以期实现环境与经济和谐发展。为充分发挥环保经济优势,对其发展趋势进行了判断,并分析发展过程中出现的问题,针对这些问题,对其进行改进。然后利用熵值法对某市在实施方法改进后的环保经济发展情况进行实证研究,结果表明:在实施方法改进后,某市的环保经济发展水平得到了极大的提高,方法改进具有一定的成效。     

府河武汉段水环境问题及污染防治对策研究

对府河武汉段流域水质及主要水污染源污染负荷进行分析和核算,结果表明:2015年府河武汉段城镇生活是最主要污染源,其COD和NH_3-N入河量分别为16 552吨和4 779.87吨,占各类污染源总入河总量的58.46%和78.31%;COD、NH_3-N和TP排放量已超过承载力,为了满足水质目标要求,需分别削减排放量988.59吨、2 930.82吨和201.05吨。针对府河武汉段的水体污染特征和存在问题,提出了治理城镇生活污染、防治农业农村污染、开展流域综合整治、推进流域联防联控等相应防治对策。     

Transient species in the ozonolysis of tetramethylethene

The reaction of alkenes with ozone has great effect on atmospheric oxidation, its transient species can produce OH radicals and contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). In the present study, the reaction of tetramethylethene (TME) with ozone was investigated using self-assembled low temperature matrix isolation system. The TME and ozone were co-deposited on a salt plate at 15 K, and then slowly warmed up the plate. The first transient species primary ozonide (POZ) was detected, indicating that the reaction followed Criegee mechanism. Then POZ began to decompose at 180 K. However, secondary ozonide (SOZ) was not observed according to Criegee mechanism. Probably, Criegee Intermediate (CI) did not react with inert carbonyl of acetone, but with remaining TME formed tetra-methyl epoxide (EPO).     

Brilliant red X-3B uptake by a novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel: Performance, kinetics and mechanism

A novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel (PCD-MCH) was developed and its performance, kinetics and mechanism for the removal of reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) were studied. The results showed that the zeta-potential of PCD-MCH was 32.8 to 16.7 mV at pH 3.0–10.5. The maximum X-3B adsorption capacity of PCD-MCH was 2792.3 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics could be well-described by the Weber–Morris model and the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM). Diffusion stages corresponding to surface or film diffusion, intra-particle or wide mesopore diffusion, and narrow mesopore/micropore diffusion occurred at 0–120, 120–480 and 480–1200 min, respectively. The latter two diffusion stages were rate-controlling for X-3B adsorption kinetics. At the initial X-3B concentration of 600 mg/L, the diffusion coefficient (D_s) and external mass transfer coefficient in the liquid phase (k_F) were 3 × 10^?11 cm²/min and 4.68 × 10^?6 cm/min, respectively. X-3B approaching the center of PCD-MCH particles could be observed at 360 min. At the end of the third diffusion stage, the C_p at q/q_e = 0 was 45.20 mg/L, which was close to the homogeneous C_p value of 46 mg/L along the radius of PCD-MCH particles. At pH 3.0–10.0, PCD-MCH showed stable X-3B adsorption capacities. After five regeneration-reuse cycles, the residual adsorption capacity of regenerated PCD-MCH was higher than 892.7 mg/g. The corresponding adsorption mechanism was identified as involving electrostatic interactions, cyclodextrin cavities and hydrogen bonds, of which cyclodextrin cavities showed prominent capture performance towards dye molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes.