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961.
962.
Deng LB 《Disasters》2008,32(3):377-398
Civil wars in Africa are now the leading contributory cause of vulnerability of rural communities. Understanding vulnerability during civil war is critical for humanitarian response and post-conflict rehabilitation planning. The lack of understanding of vulnerability has led existing studies to make sweeping generalizations, either by equating the dynamics of vulnerability during civil wars with vulnerability in other risk events, or by projecting people in the 'war zones' as unable to cope and subsequently becoming vulnerable. This paper is an attempt to gain a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of vulnerability during protracted civil war. It shows that during civil war the non-poor are not necessarily less vulnerable than poor households. The idea that people caught up in civil war are all vulnerable is not supported by the findings of this paper. It shows that the 'standard' pattern of vulnerability to drought is similar to that during exogenous counter-insurgency warfare, while a different pattern of vulnerability to endogenous shocks is identified. 相似文献
963.
铁屑内电解法处理电镀含铬废水的实验研究及应用 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
详细介绍了铁屑内电解法处理技术的基本原理,同时就该法对六价铬去除率的影响因素:停留时间、pH值、铁炭比和铁屑粒径进行了动态试验,得到了较佳工艺参数,并成功应用于工程实例。结果表明:用铁屑内电解+斜管沉淀池+微孔过滤机处理电镀含铬废水,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到99.6%以上,出水各监测指标优于国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准。实践证明该工艺投资少,处理成本低,运行简单,效果好。 相似文献
964.
为了研究使用随机化Pushover方法进行RC框架结构整体抗震可靠度计算过程中相关参数的适应性,使用Matlab调用SAP2000编制出基于随机化Pushover的结构整体抗震可靠度程序,以一榀11层RC框架结构为例,通过该程序统计出不同参数下结构最大层间位移角的分布情况及整体失效概率,并以大样本实际地震波进行时程分析所统计出的相应结果为基准进行对比。结果表明,在常规参数设置下随机化Pushover方法统计出的最大层间位移角分布情况和结构整体失效概率与大样本时程分析结果有较大差异,然后提出了一种修正方式,有效地减小了两者的差异,并以某算例验证了该修正方式的适用性。 相似文献
965.
966.
Deng H Ge L Xu T Zhang M Wang X Zhang Y Peng H 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(6):1730-1736
Microorganisms are an integral part of the biogeochemical processes in wetlands. To improve the performance of constructed wetlands, it is very important to know the metabolic properties and functional diversity of the microbial communities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the metabolic properties and functional diversity of the microbial community in a horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland (CW) in a laboratory study through the sole-carbon-source utilization profiles using Biolog-ECO microplates. The technique has advantages over traditional cell culture techniques, such as molecular-level techniques-RNA amplification, which are time-consuming, expensive, and only applicable to the small number of species that may be cultured. This CW was designed to treat rural eutrophic water in China, using the plant L. This study showed that the metabolic activities of upper front substrate microorganisms (UF) were greater than those of the lower back substrate microorganisms (LB) in the CW. Integrated areas under average well color development (AWCD) curves of substrate microorganisms in the UF were 131.9, 4.8, and 99.3% higher than in the lower front part (LF), the upper back part (UB), and the LB part of the CW, respectively. Principal components analysis showed significant differences in both community structure and metabolic utilization of carbon sources between substrate microorganisms from different sampling sites. Carbon source utilization of polymers, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids was higher in UF than in LF, but that of amines and phenolic compounds was very similar in UF and LF. The richness, evenness, and diversity of upper substrate microbial communities were significantly higher than those of lower substrate. The LF substrate microbial communities had lower evenness than the other sampling plots, and the lowest richness of substrate microbial community was found in the LB part of the CW. 相似文献
967.
钻井废液-废水处理一体化设备的研究及应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
介绍了钻井清洁生产的核心设备——钻井废液-废水处理一体化设备的原理、流程和处理效果。实践证明,用这种一体化设备处理普通聚合物钻井液体系产生的钻井废液时,设备排水质量可达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》(一级标准或二级标准);当用于处理高温深井聚合物-磺酸盐复杂钻井液体系产生的钻井废液时,除了COD外, 排出水的主要水质指标可达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》(二级标准)。用该设备处理后的泥渣含水率低于55%,泥渣体积减少了88%。 相似文献
968.
我国山岭公路汽车CO、HCs和NOx排放系数 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
在1560m 长的甘肃七道梁山岭公路隧道内设监测点,对进入隧道内汽车排出的污染物浓度、交通量、车种以及气象条件进行采样分析、计数、分类和观测.根据在隧道内实测数据,用建立的隧道空气质量方程计算出我国高海拔山岭公路汽车单车CO、HCs和NOx 排放系数分别为41.861±26.101、5.367±3.158和3.883±1.943g/(km ·veh).与国外成果相比,我国山岭公路汽车CO和HCs排放系数明显高于国外发达国家汽车的排放水平,而NOx 排放量低于一些发达国家 相似文献
969.
970.