In vitro thyroid disrupting e ects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the e uents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal e ciencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated e ects in di erent treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 10??8 to 6.19 10??7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 10??8 to 8.75 10??8 mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP, and 4.80 10??9 to 2.55 10??8 mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse e ects on the exposed organisms.     

In vitro thyroid disrupting effects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated effects in different treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 × 10-8 to 6.19 × 10-7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 × 10-s to 8.75 x 10-s mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP,and 4.80 × 10-9 to 2.55 × 10-s mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse effects on the exposed organisms.     

苯并噻唑类污染物对青海弧菌Q67毒性效应

以青海弧菌Q67为指示生物,结合96微孔板高通量检测技术,测定了10种环境中常见苯并噻唑类污染物对发光菌的毒性效应。结果表明,10种苯并噻唑化合物均对发光菌具有毒性效应,其EC50在1.17×10-6~5.43×10-3mol·L-1之间。对其进行毒性效应排序,发现巯基取代氨基2羟苯基羧酸乙酯溴氟甲基氯甲硫基苯并噻唑。利用结构化学描述符和偏最小二乘法,构建了苯并噻唑类化合物对Q67发光菌毒性的定量构效关系模型(QSAR),结果发现,氢键供体数量(ND)和极性溶剂可及分子表面积(PSASA)对其毒性具有重要意义。本研究为苯并噻唑类污染物毒性效应评价及其环境风险评价提供了参考。     

微藻对壬基酚的响应及去除能效研究

分离筛选11种微藻开展微藻对NP暴露的响应特征和去除能效研究。NP对叶绿素a含量的96 h半抑制效应浓度(EC50)介于0.60~3.33 mg·L~(-1)之间,EC50由小到大依次为:短棘盘星藻羊角月牙藻小球藻衣藻斜生栅藻肥壮蹄形藻卷曲纤维藻二尾栅藻惠氏微囊藻四尾栅藻蛋白核小球藻。除斜生栅藻、羊角月牙藻、肥壮蹄形藻、卷曲纤维藻之外,微藻的生长速率与EC50呈显著的正相关关系。EC50与细胞粒径、表面积以及体积总体上呈负相关关系,与微藻对NP的最大去除速率和半饱和常数呈正相关关系。NP的藻类去除过程符合一级反应动力学方程,且NP的半衰期与微藻起始总表面积呈显著的负相关关系。NP对微藻群落的影响与其浓度相关,其选择性干扰效应主要与微藻耐受性相关。NP耐受性高的种类多表现出高生长速率和去除能力。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对海洋微藻生长的影响

近年来,内陆和近海水体中的一种典型环境激素邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)含量显著上升,但其对海洋生态系统的影响并不明确。本研究选取7种海洋微藻为实验材料,包括1种甲藻(东海原甲藻Prorocentrum donghaiense),2种定鞭藻(小普林藻Prymesium parvum和球形棕囊藻Phaeocystis globosa),2种硅藻(中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和三角褐指藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum),以及1种隐藻(红胞藻Rhodomonus salina)和1种绿藻(海洋小球藻Chlorella sp.),设置5个DBP暴露浓度(5、10、20、50、100μg·L-1),研究其对海洋微藻生长的影响,并探索DBP暴露对微藻抗氧化系统和光合系统的影响。结果表明:在所有暴露组中,球形棕囊藻、小普林藻、东海原甲藻、红胞藻、海洋小球藻生长速率显著增加;5~20μg·L-1的DBP暴露下中肋骨条藻不受影响,50、100μg·L-1下受到抑制;所有DBP暴露组对三角褐指藻没有显著影响。在50μg·L-1DBP暴露下,随着时间的延长,球形棕囊藻的SOD、CAT、MDA均表现出先升高后下降的趋势,第7天藻的叶绿素a、叶绿素b,类胡萝卜素含量较对照组分别增加了23%、10%、48%,球形棕囊藻光系统II(PSII)的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/F0)、光合性能指数PI分别增加了4.8%、16%、69%。研究发现DBP对海洋微藻的影响具有种间差异性,能够显著促进有害赤潮藻球形棕囊藻的生长,近岸水体DBP含量的增加可能改变浮游植物群落组成,进而增加有害藻华暴发的风险。     

青鳉鱼的行为特征提取研究

采用生物行为传感器获取青鳉鱼的行为数据时,青鳉鱼个体差异会导致采集到的原始电信号在时空特性下完全不同。重要的行为特征往往被隐藏在原始信号中,传统的信号处理方法无法实时而有效地提取到这些特征。针对这个问题,观察并记录了暴露实验前后青鳉鱼的行为变化,提出了一种可以高效表征行为特征的直方图统计算法。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确对应人眼观测到的暴露实验前后鱼的行为变化趋势,同时也为后续异常行为识别提供一定的支持和参考。     

环境雌激素生物效应的作用机制研究进展

环境雌激素(environmental estrogens,EEs)种类繁多,来源多样且分布广泛,大量工业添加剂、食品添加剂和农药类物质已被证实具有雌激素活性。EEs对人体生殖、神经、免疫等系统的生物毒性已经引起了公众的普遍关注。近年来的研究表明,EEs不仅结合雌激素核受体(nuclear estrogen receptor,n ER),还可以活化雌激素膜受体(membrane estrogen receptor,m ER),干扰正常的雌激素信号通路。本文总结了EEs通过n ER、m ER介导的多种雌激素基因组和非基因组信号途径及其产生的生物学效应,综述了在其毒理学作用机理基础上发展的环境样品的雌激素活性评估和EEs混合物的联合作用研究,以期为该类污染物的筛查、风险评估和进一步的机制研究提供参考。     

用SOS/Umu生物测试评价北方某自来水厂对遗传毒性物质的去除效果

大量研究表明,饮用水中存在着能导致遗传毒性的物质,在我国许多水厂水质检测能力有限的前提下,生物毒性指标作为反映有毒物质综合指标具有重要的现实意义.本研究应用SOS/Umu生物毒性测试评价了北方某市一自来水厂的A、B、C、D 4套试验工艺在不同的季节(冬春两季)各工艺段出水的遗传毒性效应.结果显示,冬春两季地表水加氯后遗传毒性效应均显著增加,冬季间接遗传毒性效应高于春季;活性炭吸附对去除遗传毒性物质效果显著,但后期加氯使遗传毒性效应增加;冬春两季比较,以及地下水和地表水比较,各工艺出水的遗传毒性效应差别很大.通过研究表明,本研究所应用的生物毒性测试SOS/Umu能够快速、准确地对水厂工艺过程中致突变物质的处理效果进行评价,能对工艺改进提出指导,是自来水质安全性评价的重要补充手段.     

NaCl盐度对耐盐活性污泥沉降性能及脱氮的影响

针对海水冲厕工程的实施,采用序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)处理实际含盐生活污水,考察了盐度对耐盐活性污泥沉降性能及脱氮效能的影响。研究发现,经过长期盐度驯化后的污泥系统也会出现丝状菌污泥膨胀。在经过10 g/L盐度长期驯化的污泥系统中,污泥容积指数(SVI)随着盐度的升高而降低,盐度升高使丝状菌减少,污泥絮体变小变密实。但是,盐度降低时会引发更严重的污泥膨胀,导致污泥流失。对脱氮性能的研究表明,硝化菌的耐盐能力较强。当盐度由10 g/L改变为0、5、15、20 g/L时,氨氮去除率依然可以维持在99%以上。但亚硝酸盐积累率无论是盐度升高或降低时都升高,这表明驯化后污泥中的亚硝酸氧化菌(NOB)对盐度变化的耐受能力比氨氧化菌(AOB)弱,无论盐度升高或降低都会对其产生较大的影响。     

土地快速渗滤处理啤酒废水的土柱模拟试验

对啤酒废水进行了模拟土地快速渗滤处理的试验研究。模拟土柱经10个淹水期的生化培养期,其CODcr去除率达96％左右,BOD_5可达98％以上,且去除效果主要集中于系统上部约100cm厚的土层内。此外,还研究了影响快速渗滤系统净化效果的主要因素及其水力负荷周期、水力负荷率。