基于有机污染物生物有效性的土壤环境质量基准的探讨

我国的土壤污染日益严重,由于污染物对土壤生物产生的毒性效应与其生物有效态含量相关,以污染物总量为指标的土壤环境质量标准已无法满足当前土壤管理的需求,亟需开展以生物有效性为基础的土壤环境质量基准的研究工作。目前对土壤中重金属的生物有效性的研究较为深入,但是针对有机污染物的土壤生物有效性研究相对匮乏。本研究综述了有机污染物在土壤中的结构形态、吸附吸收和迁移转化,以及影响土壤中有机污染物生物有效性的关键因素。从我国有机污染物的污染现状、土壤类型分布情况,以及物种选择3个方面对基于生物有效性的土壤环境质量标准/基准的制定进行探讨,以期为我国根据国情制定适合本土特征的生态安全土壤质量标准提供借鉴。     

Determination of estrogens and estrogenic activities in water from three rivers in Tianjin, China

Studies on estrogenic disrupting compounds(EDCs) occurrence and identification of main responsible compounds in river water discharged into the sea are of significance.In the present research,we screened estrogenic activities of 10 river water samples from 3 main rivers discharged into Bohai Sea in Tianjin using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay and chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity,with 17β-estradiol equivalents(EEQ) of raw water ranging from 5.72 to 59.06 ng/L.Six most concerned EDCs in the river water samples including estrone,17β-estradiol,17α-ethinylestradiol,estriol,diethylstilbestrol and estradiol valerate were determined,with their concentrations up to 50.70,31.40,24.40,37.20,2.56,and 8.47 ng/L,respectively.Through causality analysis by comparing the EEQ values of yeast assay and chemical analysis,17α-ethinylestradiol and 17β-estradiol were identified as the main contributors to the estrogenic effects of the river samples,accounting for the whole estrogenic activities(62.99% to 185.66%),and estrogen antagonistic compounds might presented in the heavy polluted water samples.The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and bioassay could be used for identification and evaluation of the estrogenic activity of EDCs in river water.     

水环境质量预报预警大数据平台研究

构建基于水环境模型的水质预报预警大数据平台是一项复杂的系统工程,主要面临模型的规模计算及其引发的模拟结果规模存储、规模分析的挑战.相关挑战极大地限制了水环境质量预报预警业务的深入开展,但目前国内外关于此方面的研究极少.为此,提出了水环境质量预报预警大数据平台框架.该框架以水环境模型体系为基础,以大数据集群计算体系为核心...