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51.
A.J. Khan Kamal Swami Tanveer Ahmed A. Bari Akhtar Shareef Liaquat Husain 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(38):5989-5995
An improved chemical oxidation pretreatment method has been developed for the determination of elemental carbon (EC) [also known as black carbon (BC) or soot] in lake sediments, using a thermal–optical transmittance (TOT) carbon analyzer. The method employs six steps: (1) removal of carbonates by treatment with HCl; (2) removal of silicates by treatment with HF + HCl; (3) removal of any remaining carbonates by treatment with HCl; (4) removal of humic acids by treatment with NaOH; and (5) oxidation of kerogens by K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4. A critical step of zinc chloride treatment was added; this apparently changes EC's morphology and enhances retention on quartz fiber filter, resulting in several-fold increased chemical yield. EC was determined using the TOT method with modified combustion timings. Carbon black (acetylene) and four NIST standard reference materials (SRMs) were used for quality control, and to assess the precision of the analysis. The EC recoveries from 18 carbon black samples varied from 90 to 111%, with a mean value of 99 ± 6%. The high EC recoveries confirmed the validity of the method. Char reference materials (i.e. chestnut wood and grass char) were used to determine potential contribution to EC in our measurements. The char references containing about 700 mg total organic carbon (OC) contributed ~1.5% EC. The measured EC values from four NIST standards were 17.0 ± 0.6, 24.2 ± 3.2, 5.6, and 1.9 ± 0.1 mg gdw?1 for SRM-1648, SRM-1649a, SRM-1941b and SRM-8704, respectively. These values in SRMs were in agreement (<±4%) with the previously reported values. The method was applied to determine the EC in sediment cores from an urban lake and a remote mountain lake in the Northeastern United States. The EC concentrations in two lakes mimic the model EC emissions from the industrial revolution in United States. 相似文献
52.
Kamal A. Rashid C.D. Ercegovich Ralph O. Mumma 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):95-110
Abstract The mutagenic activity of chlordimeform and two of its breakdown products, 4‐chloro‐o‐toludine and 4‐chloro‐N‐formyl‐o‐toluidine were determined with five histidine dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100) and five tryptophan dependent strains of E. coli WP2. (WP2, WP2uvrA, WP67, CM611, CM571) with and without rat liver microsomal enzymes. 4‐chloro‐o‐toluidine increased the number of the reversions of the S. typhimurium strain TA1535 more than two fold over spontaneous at the concentration of 400 μg/plate. The results of the DNA repair tests in the Salmonella TA1538/TA1978 and E. coli multirepair deficient systems showed that both breakdown products were active in inducing damage not repaired in at least one repair deficient strain while chlordimeform itself was inactive. 相似文献
53.
Katherine Seto Grantly R. Galland Alice McDonald Angela Abolhassani Kamal Azmi Hussain Sinan Trent Timmiss Megan Bailey Quentin Hanich 《Ambio》2021,50(1):242
Resource allocation is a fundamental and challenging component of common pool resource governance, particularly transboundary fisheries. We highlight the growing importance of allocation in fisheries governance, comparing approaches of the five tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (tRFMOs). We find all tRFMOs except one have defined resources for allocation and outlined principles to guide allocation based on equity, citizenship, and legitimacy. However, all fall short of applying these principles in assigning fish resources. Most tRFMOs rely on historical catch or effort, while equity principles rarely determine dedicated rights. Further, the current system of annual negotiations reduces certainty, trust, and transparency, counteracting many benefits asserted by rights-based management proponents. We suggest one means of gaining traction may be to shift conversations from allocative rights toward weighting of principles already identified by most tRFMOs. Incorporating principles into resource allocation remains a major opportunity, with important implications for current and future access to fish.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01371-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
54.
Berman Kayis Kamal Kothiyal 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):251-261
Musculoskeletal injuries are often the consequences of wrong postural configurations used during Manual Materials Handling (MMH). This eventually leads to a large payout of worker’s compensation and loss of production time. A simulated study of back injury risks has been carried out on seven selected manufacturing industries to identify and evaluate harmful working postures. For each MMH task, Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System (OWAS) codes have been identified with the help of motion study pictures. Also, Chaffin's biomechanical model was used to calculate L5/S1 load compression values on the spine during MMH activities. The multilevel approach adopted was a combination of OWAS and Chaffin’s biomechanical model. The application of a digitizer enabled us to identify the coordinates and it made a subsequent evaluation of the angles of each body link possible. 相似文献
55.
Y. Raja Sekhar K. V. Sharma Subhash Kamal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(10):9411-9417
The solar flat plate collector operating under different convective modes has low efficiency for energy conversion. The energy absorbed by the working fluid in the collector system and its heat transfer characteristics vary with solar insolation and mass flow rate. The performance of the system is improved by reducing the losses from the collector. Various passive methods have been devised to aid energy absorption by the working fluid. Also, working fluids are modified using nanoparticles to improve the thermal properties of the fluid. In the present work, simulation and experimental studies are undertaken for pipe flow at constant heat flux boundary condition in the mixed convection mode. The working fluid at low Reynolds number in the mixed laminar flow range is undertaken with water in thermosyphon mode for different inclination angles of the tube. Local and average coefficients are determined experimentally and compared with theoretical values for water-based Al2O3 nanofluids. The results show an enhancement in heat transfer in the experimental range with Rayleigh number at higher inclinations of the collector tube for water and nanofluids. 相似文献
56.
57.
Paudel Keshav R. Mehta Meenu Yin Geena Hew Suet Yen Lee Li Malyla Vamshikrishna Patel Vyoma K. Panneerselvam Jithendra Madheswaran Thiagarajan MacLoughlin Ronan Jha Niraj Kumar Gupta Piyush Kumar Singh Sachin Kumar Gupta Gaurav Kumar Pradeep Oliver Brian G. Hansbro Philip M. Chellappan Dinesh Kumar Dua Kamal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(31):46830-46847
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is reported to have a high incidence rate and is one of the most prevalent types of cancer contributing towards 85%... 相似文献
58.
Almutairi Mubarak Harb Kamal Marey Omar Almutairi Khalid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(59):88587-88605
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Currently, Saudi Arabia has very limited renewable energy generation capacity, as most of the country’s electricity sector is dependent on cheap... 相似文献
59.
Autoantibodies and autoimmune disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection: pathogenicity and immune regulation
Darmarajan Thiviya Paudel Keshav Raj Candasamy Mayuren Chellian Jestin Madheswaran Thiagarajan Sakthivel Lakshmana Prabu Goh Bey Hing Gupta Piyush Kumar Jha Niraj Kumar Devkota Hari Prasad Gupta Gaurav Gulati Monica Singh Sachin Kumar Hansbro Philip Michael Oliver Brian Gregory George Dua Kamal Chellappan Dinesh Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(36):54072-54087
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease associated with the respiratory system caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The aim of this... 相似文献
60.
Abdullah Al Mamun Akhtar Aysha Barua Hillol Kamal Abu Hena Mustafa Islam Md. Shafiqul AftabUddin Sheikh Idris Mohd Hanafi Abualreesh Muyassar H. Modeo Letizia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(44):66389-66404
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Macroinvertebrate community in the intertidal setup plays an important role in coastal ecosystem functions and biogeochemical cycle. However,... 相似文献