TiO2／SiO2催化剂可见光降解偶氮染料的研究

以多孔硅胶作载体.通过酸性溶胶法制备了TiO2/SiO2催化剂.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重一差热分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和BET等方法对该催化剂进行了表征.以偶氮染料酸性橙7(A07)的可见光降解作为探针反应,研究了TiO2/SiO2的催化活性.结果表明,TiO2的平均晶粒尺寸为5.1 nm,晶型为锐钛矿;TiO2/SiO2具有大的比表面积,比P-25催化剂具有更高的光催化活性和更好的沉降性能,便于回收利用.     

用于石化废水处理的聚氨酯泡沫球形载体的挂膜方法

采用物理吸附的方式对用于石化废水处理的聚氨酯泡沫球形载体的挂膜方法进行了研究。直接挂膜时,投加石化废水生物处理剂后,载体出现了严重的堵塞现象,孔隙内无机颗粒含量较高,生物多样性差,从而无法保持稳定的石化废水处理效果。通过分析聚氨酯泡沫表层和孔隙内部附着的生物量及孔隙内附着物的粒度分布,采取间接挂膜法,即采用投加颗粒状物质活性炭、电气石及酵母粉的方式,对聚氨酯泡沫球形载体进行预挂膜后,再投加生物处理剂,进行进一步的挂膜。结果表明：间接挂膜法可有效地避免载体的堵塞问题,使得孔隙内部附着生长大量的活性微生物,从而在石化废水进水COD和NH⁺₄-N浓度在280～420 mg/L和5～25 mg/L时,出水COD和NH⁺₄-N浓度分别稳定在70 mg/L和3 mg/L以下。     

长江经济带环境污染胁迫的驱动因素及空间效应

污染物排放基数大、内生与跨区排污累积是长江经济带污染防治面临的严峻现实,高强度环境污染胁迫过程已成为当前生态文明建设的重要障碍.本文以长江经济带127个地市级及以上单元为实证案例,选取化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫和氮氧化物4项污染物指标,在基于熵值法的环境污染胁迫指数（EPSI）测度基础上,采用空间杜宾模型,定量分解环境污染胁迫的驱动因素及空间效应,为制定面向污染源管控的环境规制提供科学参考.研究发现：①2011—2015年长江经济带环境污染胁迫程度降低4.8%,胁迫程度由上游向下游递增,其中,上游干流、太湖流域及下游干流的胁迫程度较为突出.②长江经济带环境污染胁迫程度整体趋稳、局部改善,高污染胁迫区在长三角地区集中分布,滇川贵渝、湘鄂赣、江浙沪皖等交界地区,以及昆明至重庆一带已形成的高胁迫区亦是未来管制重点.③环境污染胁迫过程具有显著空间溢出效应,本地胁迫程度增加的同时引起邻地胁迫加剧.随着环境管控趋紧,长江经济带环境污染胁迫的外部性有所缓解.④人口规模和城镇化水平是驱动本地胁迫程度提升的重要因素,二者还通过空间溢出效应作用于周边地区,而工业化、农业经济份额、内外资等因素仅能作用于本地的环境污染胁迫过程.长江经济带环境污染胁迫驱动因素的多元化趋势表明,应实施系统化、源头化综合治理以缓解环境污染胁迫态势,需引导绿色生产生活方式、提升建设开发行为的环境效益、规避外资驱动的跨区污染转移、发挥国有资本在环境处置与保护过程中的示范作用.     

An efficient synthesis of bisenols in water extract of waste onion peel ash

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Bisenols and its derivatives are attractive heterocyclic compounds exhibiting a wide range of biological properties, including anticancer, antipyretic and...     

我国风速反弹特征及其对湖泊富营养化的潜在影响

在2010年前后全球范围内出现“大气静止”恢复、近地面风速反弹上升的现象。然而这一风速反弹现象对我国湖泊的影响尚不清楚。通过对全国745个气象监测站观测数据进行空间插值提取湖泊近地面风速时间序列,使用分段线性回归分析了我国面积＞1km²的湖泊和87个重点监测湖泊风速反弹现象的特征。结果显示,全国面积＞1km²的湖泊有71.59%出现风速反弹现象,但是东部沿海地区和新疆东部地区湖泊未出现风速反弹,重点监测的富营养化湖泊只有43.08%出现风速反弹。同时,出现风速反弹的湖泊风速转折点年份分散。预计风速反弹现象在未来短期内可能有利于我国湖泊富营养化治理,但在未来长期内气候变化将出现风速下降现象,可能对湖泊富营养化治理造成不利影响。     

Temporal and spatial variations of air pollution across China from 2015 to 2018

This study investigated concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃, and air quality index（AQI） values across 368 cities in mainland China during 2015–2018. The study further examined relationships of air pollution status with local industrial capacities and vehicle possessions. Strong correlations were found between industrial capacities（coal, pig iron, crude steel and rolled steel） and air pollution levels. Although statistical and ...     

基于VOCs加密监测的上海典型臭氧污染过程特征及成因分析

针对2017年8月4—7日在上海市及周边城市发生的臭氧污染过程,结合30个采样点连续4 d的大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)苏玛罐样品分析数据及O_3和NO_2在线监测数据,分析了此次污染过程的O_3和NO_2的时间变化特征、VOCs组分及臭氧生成潜势(OFP)的空间分布特征,并对VOCs来源进行了研究.结果表明,采样期间,上海市的O_3和NO_2平均浓度水平总体均高于周边的5个城市.VOCs均值浓度的空间分布总体为西北部高于东南部,上海市VOCs均值浓度为48×10~(-9),相较周边城市处于中间水平.上海市各类VOCs浓度为OVOCs烷烃卤代烃芳香烃烯炔烃,OFP贡献为芳香烃烯炔烃烷烃OVOCs和卤代烃.VOCs源解析结果显示机动车、溶剂使用、化工和石化工艺过程是上海市VOCs的3个主要来源.结合VOCs来源解析与OFP的贡献分析,控制上海市臭氧污染需重点削减溶剂使用和化工工艺过程中的甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和苯等芳香烃的排放,同时加强机动车和石化工艺过程中丙烯、乙烯和乙炔的排放控制.     

Adsorption of Mn2+ from aqueous solution using Fe and Mn oxide-coated sand

The adsorption of Mn²⁺ onto immobilized Mn-oxide and Fe-oxide adsorbent such as manganese oxide-coated sand1 (MOCS1), manganese oxide-coated sand2 (MOCS2), iron oxide-coated sand2 (IOCS2), and manganese and iron oxide-coated sand (MIOCS) was investigated. The effects of pH (5.5 to 8.0) and temperature (25 to 45℃) on the equilibrium capacity were examined. Equilibrium studies showed that there is a good fit with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm, which indicates surface heterogeneity and monolayer adsorption of the adsorbents. Kinetic data showed high correlation with the pseudo second-order model, which signifies a chemisorption-controlled mechanism. The activation energies, activation parameters (ΔG^*, ΔH^*, ΔS^*), and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰) confirmed that adsorption with MIOCS was endothermic and more spontaneous at higher temperature while an opposite trend was observed for the other adsorbents. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption involved formation of activated complex, where MOCS1 and MIOCS follow a physical-chemical mechanism, while MOCS2 and IOCS2 follows purely chemical mechanism.     

Mobilization of trace metals and inorganic compounds during resuspension of anoxic sediments from Trepangier Bayou, Louisiana

The release of trace metals (Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) and inorganic compounds (As) from initially anoxic Trepangier Bayou sediments, Louisiana and the sources of the released metals were investigated. After 1 to 2 d aeration, significant amounts of trace metals (Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Co) were released to the aqueous phase with increased acidity, primarily due to the oxidation of acid-volatile sulfide and ferrous iron and iron sulfide minerals. The addition of a bacterial inhibitor, NaN,, to the Trepangier sediment during resuspension inhibited metal release, suggesting that microbial catalysis can regulate metal mobilization during sediment resuspension. In a well buffered system, oxidation of iron sulfides alone did not appear to induce trace metal release. Moreover, when Trepangier sediment was resuspended in anoxic conditions at neutral pH, <1% of the trace metal content was released, whereas a significant release of metal was observed under acidic anoxic conditions. Although oxidation of iron sulfide minerals is an essential prerequisite for the release of Zn, Co, Cd, and Ni, carbonates and oxides also play a role. The trace metals and inorganic compounds investigated could be classified into three groups according to their release characteristics: (i) Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Co; (ii) Fe, Pb, and As; and (iii) Cu. The groupings appeared to depend on the sources of compounds and their relative affinity, after oxidation, to iron oxyhydroxides or organic matter.     

高温除尘无机滤料国内外进展综述

介绍了高温除尘无机滤料的主要种类和组成成分。依据不同的孔隙率,高温除尘无机滤料可分为无机低密度滤料和无机高密度滤料。无机低密度滤料主要可由玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、金属纤维、玄武岩纤维等构成,而无机高密度滤料主要包括高密度陶瓷滤料和高密度金属滤料。并分别对无机低密度滤料和无机高密度滤料的理化性质、稳定运行温度,以及国外内的应用与研究情况进行了详细阐述。