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排序方式: 共有182条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
91.
Hironobu Sugiyama Varawoot Vudhivanich Andrew C. Whitaker Kosit Lorsirirat 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(1):47-58
ABSTRACT: A stochastic estimation of low flow in the upper reaches of streams is needed for the planning, development, and management of water resources and/or water use systems. In this paper, the definition and development procedure for the stochastic flow duration curve is presented and applied to five catchments located in eastern Japan and to two catchments in western Thailand. The probability distribution of N‐year daily discharge data is extracted at various percentages of time for which specified discharges are equaled or exceeded in a water year. Such a distribution is usually represented with a straight line on log‐normal probability paper. However, some of the probability plots for the annual minimum daily discharge are best represented with a straight line on Weibull probability paper. The effectiveness of the stochastic flow duration curve defined for the evaluation of flow regime is illustrated through its application. The ten year probability for the discharge exceeded 97 percent of the time may be recognized as an index of low flow. The recession shape of the lower part of the flow duration curve is dependent on the strength of low flow persistence. 相似文献
92.
内蒙古吉兰泰盐湖是荒漠区内很有经济价值的盐矿产地。本文针对近年来盐湖面临流沙覆埋危害的严峻现实,在分析盐湖区自然条件变化、沙侵危害规模、程度和原因的基础上,指出吉兰泰盐湖沙害导致盐湖自干盐中期阶段直接进入沙下盐湖阶段的过程,干旱化气候日益加剧是其自然控制因素,人类在盐湖区无节制地采樵和过度放牧,造成生态环境破坏是其触发因素,并提出了以保护生态环境为核心的综合治理对策。 相似文献
93.
94.
Ganasan Eswhari Mohd Yusoff Hanis Azmi Alyza Azzura Chia Poh Wai Lam Su Shiung Kan Su-Yin Liew Rock Keey Venkateswarlu Katta Teo Chook Kiong 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(1):525-538
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Metal nanoparticles have found applications in many fields such as molecular diagnostics, electronic devices and environmental remediation. Nonetheless,... 相似文献
95.
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料对2016年8月21日傍晚到夜间贺兰山沿山特大致洪极值暴雨展开研究,分析了异常大气环流形势及其影响,并利用天气研究和预报模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model)进行数值模拟和地形敏感性试验,研究了贺兰山地形对暴雨过程的影响。结果表明:超强厄尔尼诺结束后的盛夏,大气环流形势发展异常,8月南亚高压和副热带高压异常偏强,西北地区东部处于高温、高湿、高能控制,副高的快速进退和冷平流的入侵,触发暖湿不稳定能量强烈聚集与快速释放,导致特大暴雨的爆发。其发生在200hPa高空急流分流区即强辐散区、中空西南气流的高温高湿区、低空偏南急流轴左侧流场最大弯曲处的强暖平流区、850hPa偏东大风速轴南侧的风速辐合区,天气尺度强迫作用相对较弱的环境中,500hPa短波槽与700hPa、850hPa低涡切变线和偏南偏东急流以及地面气旋式切变辐合线共同作用是其发生的主要影响系统。贺兰山地形对特大暴雨的发生有明显的增幅效应,主要是贺兰山地形阻挡与强迫抬升作用,促使低涡切变强烈发展从而影响了降水范围、强降水落区及其中心位置等。 相似文献
96.
环境监测质量控制中水质标准物质应用问题的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对环境监测质量控制中水质标准物质的应用问题进行了分析和论述。分别从实验室分析测试标准、质量控制标准的不确定度、质量控制方式的选择以及实验分析的准确度和分析方法研究等方面,讨论了实验室质量控制过程中水质标准物质应用出现的误区和问题。对如何做好实验室分析的质量控制,从多个不同的方面介绍了在使用分析校准用标准物质及水质质量控制用标准物质过程中,如何避免或减少分析误差的方法和措施。同时对计量、质量控制的重要工具水质标准物质的正确使用以及标准物质的规范应用方面提出了相关建议。 相似文献
97.
The first example of a ruthenium sensitizer (TUS-22) having a natural dye, bisdemethoxycurcumin, as a ligand has been synthesized. The dye-sensitized solar cell based on this novel dye showed 5.8% conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm(2)) irradiation. 相似文献
98.
Zili Zhang Jian Wang Lianghua Chen Xinyu Chen Guiyuan Sun Nanshan Zhong Haidong Kan Wenju Lu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(6):4236-4244
Guangzhou is a metropolitan in south China with unique pollutants and geographic location. Unlike those in western countries and the rest of China, the appearance of haze in Guangzhou is often (about 278 days per year on average of 4 years). Little is known about the influence of these hazes on health. In this study, we investigated whether short-term exposures to haze and air pollution are associated with hospital admissions in Guangzhou. The relationships between haze, air pollution, and daily hospital admissions during 2008–2011 were assessed using generalized additive model. Studies were categorized by gender, age, season, lag, and disease category. In haze episodes, an increase in air pollutant emissions corresponded to 3.46 (95 % CI, 1.67, 5.27) increase in excessive risk (ER) of total hospital admissions at lag 1, 11.42 (95 % CI, 4.32, 18.99) and 11.57 (95 % CI, 4.38, 19.26) increases in ERs of cardiovascular illnesses at lags 2 and 4 days, respectively. As to total hospital admissions, an increase in NO2 was associated with a 0.73 (95 % CI, 0.11, 1.35) and a 0.28 (95 % CI, 0.11, 0.46) increases in ERs at lag 5 and lag 05, respectively. For respiratory illnesses, increases in NO2 was associated with a 1.94 (95 % CI, 0.50, 3.40) increase in ER at lag 0, especially among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Haze (at lag1) and air pollution (for NO2 at lag 5 and for SO2 at lag3) both presented more drastic effects on the 19 to 64 years old and in the females. Together, we demonstrated that haze pollution was associated with total and cardiovascular illnesses. NO2 was the sole pollutant with the largest risk of hospital admissions for total and respiratory diseases in both single- and multi-pollutant models. 相似文献
99.
Hwa-Ming Nieh Jiann-Jyh Chen Hsing-Chien Kan Cheng-Shu Ou 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(10):983-989
This study proposes a novel concept for designing a radio switch that can match workplace characteristics and personal needs by individually controlling the lighting group to save electricity. We use a microcontroller that can achieve the function of timing, turned-on and turn-off by setting the internal program to control the radio switch for convenient use, and electricity saving. As compared with the traditional mechanical switch, the radio switch reduced the electricity consumption by 38.64 kwh/week (86.25% of ideal condition or 1194.62% of practical condition), and the annual CO2 emission can be reduced by 1032.2 kg/year. Additionally, the cost of the radio switch to replace the traditional mechanical switch can be paid back in 1.72 years. 相似文献
100.
基于化学需氧量和氨氮排放数据集,构建影响因素计量模型,探讨经济集聚同水污染物排放的影响效应及其在不同规模城镇下影响程度的差异性,采取双变量空间自相关解析中国经济集聚对水污染物排放的溢出效应,以期为促进经济集聚与污染减排良性互动提供参考。结论如下:(1)从全国总体样本来看,经济集聚能有效降低区域水污染排放强度,经济集聚度每增长1个百分点,化学需氧量和氨氮排放将分别减少0.491%和0.166%;(2)经济集聚对中小城市水污染排放的减排效应更为突出,在化学需氧量估计模型中,中等城市、小城市样本的经济集聚度弹性系数分别为-0.679、-0.546,而大城市及特大城市样本仅为-0.252;(3)经济集聚同水污染物排放的空间溢出效应显著,且呈现高集聚—高排放、低集聚—低排放、低集聚—高排放等空间关联模式,其中,高集聚—高排放区从京津冀向山东半岛绵延分布,还包括哈长城市群、苏北和苏中、长株潭、珠三角等地区。政策启示包括:积极培育中小城市并发挥其经济聚集的减排效应,促进生产技术更新和扩散,提高能源利用效率和环保投入;合理控制大城市经济与人口规模,加快产业结构调整和落后产能淘汰,强化环境规制以防止“污染避难所”效应;遏制经济集聚对水污染物排放的溢出效应,重点推进高集聚—高排放区联防联控和流域共治。 相似文献