浅层地下水与地表水污染物交换关系研究——以常州市老城区为例

通过研究北市河地质结构、地表水和地下水补排关系、污染物在地表水和地下水中的迁移转化规律及转化量这3个方面来分析地下水与地表水的水力联系,发现北市河从地质角度上上游、中游具备发生水利联系的条件,而下游的发生水利联系的可能性很小;上游平水期污染物由地表水扩散到地下水,丰水期由地下水扩散到地表水;中游地区地表水的污染物扩散到地下水,而下游就没有明显的污染物扩散现象.然而并未发现地下水地表水之间有明显的相互影响.     

坡度分析在昆明盆地断层分段中的应用

地面坡度是反映地形地貌变化的关键因子,应用坡度分析一定程度上可以反映断层的展布特征。本文收集整理昆明市区附近千余份钻孔数据,筛选其中238个钻孔进行钻孔层序分层和数据库的建设,使用ArcScene软件生成研究区地表、海埂组(QhH)底部以及官渡组(Qp3G)底部地层面的三维地质模型。应用ArcGIS软件中坡度分析模块,获得各个界面的坡度图,从坡度变化特征方面对研究区5条主要断层的活动性与分段特征进行了初步探讨。     

Comparative Analysis of Viral Concentration Methods for Detecting the HAV Genome Using Real-Time RT-PCR Amplification

Hepatitis A is a major infectious disease epidemiologically associated with foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Molecular detection using real-time RT-PCR to detect the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in contaminated vegetables can be hindered by low-virus recoveries during the concentration process and by natural PCR inhibitors in vegetables. This study evaluated three virus concentration methods from vegetables: polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration (UF), and immunomagnetic separation (IMS). UF was the most efficient concentration method, while PEG and IMS were very low for the recovery rate of HAV. These results demonstrate that UF is the most appropriate method for recovering HAV from contaminated vegetables and that this method combined with the real-time RT-PCR assay may be suitable for routine laboratory use.     

分流制泵站旱流放江对受纳河道水质的影响

为了探明分流制泵站旱流放江对受纳河道的影响,以上海市中心城区典型分流制系统Z泵站为例,研究了旱流放江对受纳河道水质的影响。结果显示:（1）受泵站放江的影响,河道COD、硫化物以及氨氮的增幅分别为0.23%～37.68%、7.4%～76.19%、10.60%～76.15%;（2）旱流放江污染物对河道水质的影响有显著差异,其中COD与氨氮浓度的下降主要源于水体的稀释扩散作用;而H₂S、FeS等硫化物浓度的降低则更多的受到氧化还原反应的影响;（3）Z泵站旱流放江对Z河水质的显著影响范围为泵站排放口上下游40 m范围内,对黄浦江水质的影响则总体不大。     

聚氨酯泡沫材料的粘接性能研究

介绍了常规聚氨酯泡沫材料的原料及合成;探讨了主要原料的选择,发泡剂、交联剂、催化剂等助剂的选择及化学改性聚氨酯泡沫三方面因素对聚氨酯泡沫粘接性能的变化规律的影响,并介绍了常用的几种提高聚氨酯泡沫粘接强度的方法;提出了改善聚氨酯泡沫粘接过程中存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

On-road pollutant emission and fuel consumption characteristics of buses in Beijing

On-road emission and fuel consumption (FC) levels for Euro III and IV buses fueled on diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) were compared, and emission and FC characteristics of buses were analyzed based on approximately 28,700 groups of instantaneous data obtained in Beijing using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The experimental results revealed that NOx and PM emissions from CNG buses were decreased by 72.0% and 82.3% respectively, compared with Euro IV diesel buses. Similarly, these emissions were reduced by 75.2% and 96.3% respectively, compared with Euro III diesel buses. In addition, CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM emissions and FC of Euro IV diesel buses were reduced by 26.4%, 75.2%, 73.6%, 11.4%, 79.1%, and 26.0%, respectively, relative to Euro III diesel buses. The CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM emissions and FC factors all decreased with bus speed increased, while increased as bus acceleration increased. At the same time, the emission/FC rates as well as the emission/FC factors exhibited a strong positive correlation with the vehicle specific power (VSP). They all were the lowest when VSP < 0, and then rapidly increased as VSP increased. Furthermore, both the emission/FC rates and emission/FC factors were the highest at accelerations, higher at cruise speeds, and the lowest at decelerations for non-idling buses. These results can provide a base reference to further estimate bus emission and FC inventories in Beijing.     

基于噪声指数的首都经济贸易大学校园声环境评价

文章在对首都经济贸易大学校园进行声功能区环境噪声监测的基础上,分析和计算了各区域测点噪声超标值(ΔLAeq)、噪声指数(LKZ)和噪声污染指数(PN);从强度和影响人群人数两个角度评价校园声环境质量。结果表明,首都经济贸易大学校园声环境质量处于较差的水平,噪声强度超标率达到82%;据此,课题对校园噪声污染现状进行了影响分析和声环境质量的等级评定,最后针对污染现状提出了相关措施和建议。     

城市噪声污染管理中的GIS应用研究

噪声污染是城市环境问题四大公害之一,目前它已经成为制约城市人居环境质量提高的重要因素。噪声危害的严峻性和噪声问题的复杂性对环境噪声管理及研究提出了更高的要求。本文在阐述城市噪声污染管理的基础上,研究地理信息系统在噪声源信息描述、数据管理、噪声预测与评价以及基于GIS的噪声地图。通过地理信息系统描述,方便地表示和查询城市各噪声源的地理位置;通过建立噪声预测模型,绘制噪声等值线,提高城市噪声的管理水平和科学性;GIS与噪声地图相结合有利于从多个方面促进环境噪声的控制和消减。     

西安生活垃圾排放量影响因素分析及灰色预测研究

城市生活垃圾的产生量是城市环境卫生事业规划和建设的重要依据,本文运用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了影响西安市生活垃圾产生量的因素,并通过建立灰色预测模型,对西安市未来几年的生活垃圾产生量进行了预测,为西安市的城市规划提供了定量的参考依据。     

安徽及邻区震源深度分布特征研究

本文利用安徽及邻区（29°～35°N,114°～120°E）1976年1月—2009年7月重新定位后的地震目录,统计分析了不同空间范围内的震源深度分布特征,结果表明：安徽及邻区平均震源深度8 km,优势深度分布为5～15 km,其中霍山地区震源深度优势分布为3～8 km。中小地震震源深度在空间分布是不均匀的,安徽中西部...