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231.
Andrew Carlin Caroline Kadji Mieke M. Cannie Serena Resta Xin Kang Jacques C. Jani 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(1):125-135
Extremes of fetal growth can increase adverse pregnancy outcomes, and this is equally applicable to single and multiple gestations. Traditionally, these cases have been identified using simple two-dimensional ultrasound which is quite limited by its low precision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now been used for many years in obstetrics, mainly as an adjunct to ultrasound for congenital abnormalities and increasingly as part of the post-mortem examination. However, MRI can also be used to accurately assess fetal weight as first demonstrated by Baker et al in 1994, using body volumes rather than standard biometric measurements. This publication was followed by several others, all of which confirmed the superiority of MRI; however, despite this initial promise, the technique has never been successfully integrated into clinical practice. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature, detail the various techniques and formulas currently available, discuss the applicability to specific high-risk groups and present our vision for the future of MRI within clinical obstetrics. 相似文献
232.
城市化造成我国城乡教育资源分布与实际需求存在偏差:农村小学教育资源浪费,城镇小学不能满足学龄儿童入学需求,城镇中学升学率的提高越来越受到教学资源不足的限制。在研究快速城市化背景下我国城乡基础教育资源优化配置问题的基础上。就农村基础教育资源的优化配置,提出有效盘活存量资源、合理配置增量资源、加强基础教育、发展职业技术教育、开展农业技术培训、强化农村人口思想素质教育的对策建议。就城镇基础教育资源的优化配置,提出扩大名校办学规模、加大对非“重点”学校的投入力度、发挥市场在教育资源配置中的作用的对策建议。 相似文献
233.
234.
Sun Shiwei Kang Shichang Huang Jie Chen Shengyun Zhang Qianggong Guo Junming Liu Wenjie Neupane Bigyan Qin Dahe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):15078-15088
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is home to the largest permafrost bodies at low- and mid-latitudes, yet little is known about the distribution and variation... 相似文献
235.
模糊综合法在城市绿地系统景观生态综合评价中的应用——以上海市为例 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
绿地是城市人工景观中最重要的自然要素,以往对绿地景观生态的研究主要集中在能量流动和空间结构等方面,很少涉及城市绿地景观生态的综合评价。本文利用融模糊综合评判和模糊聚类分析于一体的模糊综合法对城市绿地系统景观生态进行了综合评价。 相似文献
236.
The useful life of consumer electronic devices is relatively short, and decreasing as a result of rapid changes in equipment features and capabilities. This creates a large waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment, electronic waste (e-waste).Even though there are conventional disposal methods for e-waste, these methods have disadvantages from both the economic and environmental viewpoints. As a result, new e-waste management options need to be considered, for example, recycling. But electronic recycling has a short history, so there is not yet a solid infrastructure in place.In this paper, the first half describes trends in the amount of e-waste, existing recycling programs, and collection methods. The second half describes various methods available to recover materials from e-waste. In particular, various recycling technologies for the glass, plastics, and metals found in e-waste are discussed. For glass, glass-to-glass recycling and glass-to-lead recycling technologies are presented. For plastics, chemical (feedstock) recycling, mechanical recycling, and thermal recycling methods are analyzed. Recovery processes for copper, lead, and precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium are reviewed. These processes are described and compared on the basis of available technologies, resources, and material input–output systems. 相似文献
237.
Airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured in Iksan, a suburban area in South Korea during April, 2003.
PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) samples were collected, and the chemical characteristics of particles
were examined for diurnal patterns, yellow dust/rainfall influences, and scavenging effects. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 mass measured were 37.3 ± 16.2 μg m−3 and 60.8 ± 29.5 μg m−3, respectively. The sum of ionic chemical species concentrations for PM2.5 and PM10 was 16.9 ± 7.3 and 23.1 ± 10.1 μg/m3, respectively. A significant reduction in PM mass concentrations during rainfall days was observed for coarse mode (PM2.5 − 10) particles, but less reduction was found for fine (PM2.5) mass concentration. SO4
2−, NH4
+, and K+ predominated in fine particulate mode, NO3
− and Cl− predominated in fine particle mode and coarse particle mode, but Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ mostly existed in coarse mode. The high concentration of ammonium due to local emissions and long-range transport neutralized
sulfate and nitrate to ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, which were major forms of airborne PM in Iksan. Average mass
concentrations of PM10 in daytime and at night were 57.6 and 70.0 μg m−3, and those of PM2.5 were 35.4 and 42.5 μg m−3, respectively. NO3
− and Cl− in both PM2.5 and PM10 were about double at night than in the daytime, while the rest of the chemical species were equal or a little higher at night
than in the daytime. The results suggest the formation of ammonium nitrate and chloride when high ammonia concentration and
low air temperature are allowed. Backward air trajectory analyses showed that air masses arriving at the site during yellow
dust period were transported from arid Chinese regions, which resulted in high concentrations of airborne PM mass concentrations.
In the meantime, air mass trajectories during a rainfall period were mostly from the Pacific Ocean or the East China Sea,
along with a relatively low PM concentration. 相似文献
238.
239.
随着科技创新资源由技术推动和需求拉动的线性模式转向合作的空间网络模式,探究其空间格局及网络结构特征,剖析空间格局及网络结构形成的原因,对区域实现科技创新引领发展具有重要意义.基于ArcGIS可视化和社会网络分析法对2004~2017年长江经济带科技创新资源集聚能力的空间格局及网络结构特征进行分析,结果显示:(1)长江经济带科技创新资源集聚能力呈现逐渐增强的态势,两极分化现象严重,由东向西梯次变弱,且具有明显"领导型—追赶型—跟随型"的特征;(2)科技创新资源集聚能力空间网络联系愈来愈密集,网络密度呈现下降趋势,网络等级、网络效率均呈现上升趋势;(3)中心度排名前十位城市的科技创新资源集聚能力与其他城市空间网络联系较多,并在网络中处于中心位置和扮演支配者角色;(4)包含上海、苏州等33个城市的板块一属于"净溢出"板块,包含重庆、成都等26个城市的板块二属于"双向溢出"板块,包含武汉、长沙等41个城市的板块三属于"经纪人"板块,包含贵阳、昆明等29个城市的板块四属于"净受益"板块.鉴于此,从大力发展新型基础设施建设、促进核心城市科技创新驱动和推进科技创新资源合作平台的构建等方面提出了政策建议. 相似文献
240.
深圳地铁一期工程施工安全管理概况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国越来越多城市正在新建、扩建或计划建设地铁,而地铁安全生产文明施工是值得地铁工程建设安全生产责任单位非常关注、重视的课题.结合安全生产有关法律法规,重点针对建设单位在建设工程中的安全责任,介绍深圳地铁一期工程的主要安全管理工作. 相似文献