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351.
城市化造成我国城乡教育资源分布与实际需求存在偏差:农村小学教育资源浪费,城镇小学不能满足学龄儿童入学需求,城镇中学升学率的提高越来越受到教学资源不足的限制。在研究快速城市化背景下我国城乡基础教育资源优化配置问题的基础上。就农村基础教育资源的优化配置,提出有效盘活存量资源、合理配置增量资源、加强基础教育、发展职业技术教育、开展农业技术培训、强化农村人口思想素质教育的对策建议。就城镇基础教育资源的优化配置,提出扩大名校办学规模、加大对非“重点”学校的投入力度、发挥市场在教育资源配置中的作用的对策建议。 相似文献
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Sun Shiwei Kang Shichang Huang Jie Chen Shengyun Zhang Qianggong Guo Junming Liu Wenjie Neupane Bigyan Qin Dahe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):15078-15088
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is home to the largest permafrost bodies at low- and mid-latitudes, yet little is known about the distribution and variation... 相似文献
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Jin Y. Fan Jin J. Geng Hong Q. Ren Xiao R. Wang Chao Han 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):844-850
Roundup® is a glyphosate-based herbicide containing a mixture of surfactants. This paper evaluates the toxic effects of Roundup® and its main constituents on the goldfish, Carassius auratus, after 7 days exposure. Fish were exposed to 0.16, 0.032 and 0.0064 mg/L of Roundup® [containing 41% isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G.I.S) and 18% polyoxyethylene amine (POEA)], G.I.S, and POEA. Their livers were taken for determining reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehye (MDA) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Hydroxyl radical (·OH) could be induced by exposing Roundup® at a rate of 43%–111%, G.I.S at 90%–124% and POEA at142%–157%. A decreased SOD activity was observed in fish exposed to G.I.S and POEA. The contents of MDA significantly increased when exposed to Roundup® at all concentrations, 0.16 mg/L G.I.S and 0.032 mg/L POEA. The exposure led to an inhibition of AChE in livers overall during the experimental periods. POEA was more toxic than Roundup® or G.I.S during this experiment. AChE and ·OH are supposed to be sensitive biomarkers of the exposure of Roundup® and its main constituents to C. auratus. 相似文献
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模糊综合法在城市绿地系统景观生态综合评价中的应用——以上海市为例 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
绿地是城市人工景观中最重要的自然要素,以往对绿地景观生态的研究主要集中在能量流动和空间结构等方面,很少涉及城市绿地景观生态的综合评价。本文利用融模糊综合评判和模糊聚类分析于一体的模糊综合法对城市绿地系统景观生态进行了综合评价。 相似文献
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T. Al Austin W. F. Riddle R. Q. Landers 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(5):1265-1280
ABSTRACT: A flood control reservoir protects valuable developments on the downstream flood plain by storing flood waters and releasing them at a rate that will reduce the downstream damage. The water surface level of the flood pool behind the dam can fluctuate considerably during the occurrence of a large magnitude flood causing severe impacts on shoreline vegetation and water based recreation facilities located in the flood pool. A mathematical simulation model describing shoreline vegetative succession in response to flooding is presented. Plant species are grouped into ecologically similar compartments. Differential equations describing compartment intrinsic growth, intraspecies competition, interspecies competition, and other growth limiting factors are solved numerically. The model is used to evaluate the impacts of various operating policies on plant succession for a new reservoir in Central Iowa. 相似文献
359.
The useful life of consumer electronic devices is relatively short, and decreasing as a result of rapid changes in equipment features and capabilities. This creates a large waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment, electronic waste (e-waste).Even though there are conventional disposal methods for e-waste, these methods have disadvantages from both the economic and environmental viewpoints. As a result, new e-waste management options need to be considered, for example, recycling. But electronic recycling has a short history, so there is not yet a solid infrastructure in place.In this paper, the first half describes trends in the amount of e-waste, existing recycling programs, and collection methods. The second half describes various methods available to recover materials from e-waste. In particular, various recycling technologies for the glass, plastics, and metals found in e-waste are discussed. For glass, glass-to-glass recycling and glass-to-lead recycling technologies are presented. For plastics, chemical (feedstock) recycling, mechanical recycling, and thermal recycling methods are analyzed. Recovery processes for copper, lead, and precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium are reviewed. These processes are described and compared on the basis of available technologies, resources, and material input–output systems. 相似文献
360.
Chirenje T Ma LQ Szulczewski M Littell R Portier KM Zillioux E 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(1):109-119
Arsenic contamination is of concern due to its effect as a carcinogen. Understanding the distribution of arsenic in urban soils is important for establishing baseline concentrations from which anthropogenic effects can be measured. The soil cleanup target level (SCTL) for arsenic in Florida (0.8 and 3.7 mg kg(-1) in residential and commercial areas, respectively) is lower than in most states and is near the arsenic background concentrations in Florida soils. The objective of this study was to characterize the distribution of arsenic in the soils of two Florida cities, Gainesville and Miami. More than 200 soil samples were collected from three land-use classes in each city (residential, commercial, and public land), digested with USEPA Method 3051a, and analyzed with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Arsenic concentrations varied greatly in Gainesville, ranging from 0.21 to approximately 660 mg kg(-1) with a geometric mean (GM) of 0.40 mg kg(-1) (after discarding outliers), which was significantly lower than the GM of 2.81 mg kg(-1) in Miami, although Miami samples ranged only from 0.32 to approximately 110 mg kg(-1). Arsenic concentrations in 29 and 4% of the Gainesville soil samples and 95 and 33% of the Miami samples exceeded the Florida residential and commercial SCTL, respectively. This study is the first to provide information on arsenic distribution in urban soils of Florida, and the data are useful for assessing arsenic contamination and determining the need for remediation. 相似文献