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471.
CO2的减排与利用是实现碳达峰和碳中和目标的重要途径.本文通过溶胶凝胶法将Sr和Zr掺入钙钛矿型LaCoO3结构中,合成了一系列钙钛矿催化剂,包括LaCoO3、La0.9Sr0.1CoO3-σ、La0.9Sr0.1Co0.9Zr0.1O3+σ和La0.9Sr0.1Co0.9Zr0.1O3,并考察了非热等离子体催化还原CO2为CO和CH4的性能.同时在A位掺杂Sr和B位掺杂Zr的催化剂(La0.9Sr0.1Co0.9Zr0.1O3)反应活性最高,其CO2转化率为28.7... 相似文献
472.
Yan Zhang Meng Wang Shunyu Kang Tingting Pan Hua Deng Wenpo Shan Hong He 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(6):17-26
The control of ethyl acetate emissions from fermentation and extraction processes in the pharmaceutical industry is of great importance to the environment. We have developed three Mn2O3 catalysts by using different Mn precursors (MnCl2, Mn(CH3COO)2, MnSO4), named as Mn2O3-Cl, -Ac, -SO4. The tested catalytic activity results showed a sequence with Mn precursors as: Mn2O3-Cl > Mn2O3-Ac > Mn2O3-SO4. The Mn2O3-Cl catalyst reached a complete ethyl acetate conversion at 212℃ (75℃ lower than that of Mn2O3-SO4), and this high activity 100% could be maintained high at 212℃ for at least 100 hr. The characterization data about the physical properties of catalysts did not show an obvious correlation between the structure and morphology of Mn2O3 catalysts and catalytic performance, neither was the surface area the determining factor for catalytic activity in the ethyl acetate oxidation. Here we firstly found there is a close linear relationship between the catalytic activity and the amount of lattice oxygen species in the ethyl acetate oxidation, indicating that lattice oxygen species were essential for excellent catalytic activity. Through H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) results, we found that the lowest initial reduction temperature over the Mn2O3-Cl had stronger oxygen mobility, thus more oxygen species participated in the oxidation reaction, resulting in the highest catalytic performance. With convenient preparation, high efficiency, and stability, Mn2O3 prepared with MnCl2 will be a promising catalyst for removing ethyl acetate in practical application. 相似文献
473.
随着煤炭行业的萧条,废弃煤矿逐渐增加。为有效管理和改善矿区废弃地环境生态系统,采集废弃22年的重庆中梁山马家沟煤矿区内18个表层土壤样品和1个煤矸石样品,以及矿区之外的2个背景土壤样品,分析样品中多环芳烃(USEPA 16 PAHs)、正构烷烃(n-alkanes)、汞(Hg)和有机质(OM)含量水平。结果表明,表层土壤中PAHs的平均含量为170.3 ng/g,低于我国正在运行的煤矿区土壤PAHs含量水平,高于山区背景土壤PAHs含量水平。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明煤燃烧释放和原煤残渣分别贡献78.3%和17.6%,是表层土壤中PAHs的主要来源。PAHs与n-alkanes的相关系数r=0.83(P<0.01),表明土壤中两者具有类似的输入途径和富集行为。PAHs与Hg之间不存在相关性,表明煤矿长期废弃后,这两种与矿区活动释放有关的污染物的环境归趋有显著差异。PAHs和OM之间也不存在相关性,表明与煤矿相关的有机质来源已经被植物、微生物的分泌物质及其残体的有机质替代,生态环境正逐步恢复。风险评价结果表明PAHs含量水平相对安全。值得注意的是,Hg含量超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。因此,政府对矿区旧址的土地利用应当基于多污染参数的叠加结果,避免单一指标的片面性评价与诊断。 相似文献
474.
Wenbo Wang Guangyan Tian Li Zong Yanmin Zhou Yuru Kang Qin Wang Aiqin Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(1):31-43
A series of mesoporous silicate adsorbents with superior adsorption performance for hazardous chlortetracycline(CTC) were sucessfully prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal reaction using low-cost illite/smectite(IS) clay,sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate as the starting materials.In this process,IS clay was "teared up" and then "rebuilt" as new porous silicate adsorbent with high specific surface area of 363.52 m~2/g(about 8.7 folds higher than that of IS clay) and very negative Zeta potential(- 34.5 mV).The inert Si- O- Si(Mg,Al) bonds in crystal framework of IS were broken to form Si(Al)- O~- groups with good adsorption activity,which greatly increased the adsorption sites served for holding much CTC molecules.Systematic evaluation on adsorption properties reveals the optimal silicate adsorbent can adsorb 408.81 mg/g of CTC(only 159.7 mg/g for raw IS clay) and remove 99.3%(only 46.5%for raw IS clay) of CTC from 100 mg/L initial solution(pH 3.51;adsorption temperature 30℃;adsorbent dosage,3 g/L).The adsorption behaviors of CTC onto the adsorbent follows the Langmuir isotherm model,Temkin equation and pseudo second-order kinetic model.The mesopore adsorption,electrostatic attraction and chemical association mainly contribute to the enhanced adsorption properties.As a whole,the high-efficient silicate adsorbent could be candidates to remove CTC from the wastewater with high amounts of CTC. 相似文献
475.
476.
477.
Explosion experiments using premixed gas in a duct have become a significant method of investigating methane-air explosions in underground coal mines. The duct sizes are far less than that of an actual mine gallery. Whether the experimental results in a duct are applicable to analyze a methane-air explosion in a practical mine gallery needed to be investigated. This issue involves the effects of scale on a gas explosion and its shockwave in a constrained space. The commercial software package AutoReaGas, a finite element computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code suitable for gas explosions and blast problems, was used to carry out the numerical simulation for the explosion processes of a methane-air mixture in the gallery (or duct) at various scales. Based on the numerical simulation and its analysis, the effect of scale on the degree of correlation with the real situation was studied for a methane-air explosion and its shockwave in a square section gallery (or duct). This study shows that the explosion process of the methane-air mixture relates to the scales of the gallery or duct. The effect of scale decreases gradually with the distance from the space containing the methane-air mixture and the air shock wave propagation conforms approximately to the geometric similarity law in the far field where the scaled distance (ratio of the propagation distance and the height (or width) of the gallery section) is over 80. 相似文献
478.
液体危化品大量地通过罐车运输,目前液体危化品罐车卸货完成后从通用卸货管道上拔掉卸货软管时,发生软管内残余液体危化品外喷伤人现象,其原因是液体危化品罐车卸货完毕,关闭罐车上的卸货阀门后,软管内压力大于管口大气压,在从通用卸货管道上拔掉卸货软管时,造成管内残余液体危化品从管口外喷,拔管时出现的外喷现象的动力,就是来自于这种压差.提出解决该问题的方法是对罐车的卸货装置进行简单改造,增加一个调节装置来平衡卸货软管内与外界大气压,消除液体外喷的动力.并在一家危险化学品经营企业的浓硝酸运输罐车上进行了实践应用,证明了该方法安全可行,提高了浓硝酸卸货时的安全性. 相似文献
479.
PAHs pass through the cell wall and partition into organelles of arbuscular mycorrhizal roots of ryegrass 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The subcellular process and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in arbuscular mycorrhizal plants remains to be elucidated. This work used a greenhouse experiment to show that, accompanied by the apoplastic and symplastic water movement through the root, acenaphthene (ACE) as a representative PAH passed through the cell-wall boundary, dissolved in the cell solution, and partition organelles in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The observed concentrations of ACE in organelles were 0.6 to 4.4 times higher than in the cell walls. The cell wall and organelles were the dominant storage domains for ACE in the root, and the distribution of ACE in cells of mycorrhizal ryegrass roots was, in descending order, cell organelles (40.8-70.8%) > cell wall (19.7-3.8%) cell solution (9.6-20.5%). 相似文献
480.
Assessing environmental effects of shelter forests is primarily necessary for realizing their greatest protective benefits. The Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP), the largest ecological afforestation program in the world, has been operated for three decades in China but so far lacks comprehensive assessment of its environmental impacts. Horqin Sandy Land (HSL) in Northeast China is one of the key areas in the TNSFP implementation. To identify the principal contributors to environmental changes in HSL, we evaluated impacts of variations in landscape features, shelter forest areas, climatic factors, and social factors on changes in sandy land areas from 1978 to 2007, by using Gray Relational Analysis. Our analysis showed that during the period 1978 to 2007, the sandy land area decreased by 3.9% in low aeolian dunes, 14.5% in low mountains and hills, and 98.9% in high elevation alluvial flats of HSL. Factors with Gray Correlation Degrees >0.9 were identified as the patch shape index (PSI) and the landscape isolation index (LII) of grasses in low aeolian dunes, PSI of grasses in mountains and hills, and area of broadleaved forests and LII of shrubs in alluvial flats. It is concluded that establishment of the shelter forests has played a significant role in controlling the expansion of sandy land in HSL. To sustain the long-term environmental benefits of the shelter forests in the remaining period for TNSFP construction, suitable tree species should be selected and planted at appropriate densities based on the local precipitation, groundwater and landform conditions, and the system stability of the total landscape. 相似文献