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811.
典型高混接率分流制排水泵站雨天放江污染特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对上海市中心城区典型分流制系统z泵站汛期降雨放江水质水量分析,在调查系统服务区特点、泵站运行和开展现场实测的基础上,得出如下结论:(1)由于管网系统混接情况严重,加上高水位运行、雨前预抽空等原因,Z泵站汛期放江频率高,污染严重;(2)放江污染物的EMC在不同雨型情况下表现不同,溶解性污染物随降雨量的增大而降低,而包含悬浮物的污染指标呈先升后降的变化趋势,这主要与管道沉积物特征有关;(3)随着降雨量的增大,泵站的放江负荷量显著增加。在同等降雨条件下,前峰雨使得泵站放江污染负荷远大于后峰雨;(4)受雨型与预抽空的影响,不论小雨、中雨、大雨,SS初期效应均不显著;COD与TP主要来源于管道沉积污染物,初期效应显著;溶解态污染物初期效应显著,不受降雨雨量与雨型的影响;(5)为有效降低Z泵站降雨放江污染负荷,提出包括雨污混接改造、优化泵站运行、提高截流能力、疏通管道等措施在内的污染控制策略。 相似文献
812.
Distribution of perfluorochemicals between sera and milk from the same mothers and implications for prenatal and postnatal exposures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim SK Lee KT Kang CS Tao L Kannan K Kim KR Kim CK Lee JS Park PS Yoo YW Ha JY Shin YS Lee JH 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):169-174
The levels of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs), four perfloroalkylsulfonates (PFASs), and one sulfonamide were measured in paired samples of maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, and breast milk. The maternal and cord sera were strongly correlated with each other for all measured compounds (r > 0.5 and p < 0.01). Nevertheless, there was a significant difference in compound composition profile between the two sera matrices, with a more depletion of the longer chain compounds in cord serum. The transfer efficiency values from maternal to cord serum (TFCS/MS) decreased by 70% with each increasing unit of -CF2 chain within a PFCA group, and for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), by a half compared to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). In contrast to the strong correlation in concentrations between the two sera matrices, the pattern of compounds in breast milk differed considerably with those in sera. Accordingly, compound- and matrix-specific transfer must be considered when assessing prenatal and postnatal exposure. 相似文献
813.
Effects of livestock wastewater variety and disinfectants on the performance of constructed wetlands in organic matters and nitrogen removal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hu YS Kumar JL Akintunde AO Zhao XH Zhao YQ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(8):1414-1421
Background, aim and scope
Treatment performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) is largely dependent on the characteristics of the wastewater. Although livestock wastewater is readily biodegradable in general, its variety in biodegradability can still be significant in practice. In addition, it is a common practice to periodically use disinfectants in livestock activities for health concerns. Obviously, the residual of the disinfectants in livestock wastewater may have serious inhibitory effect on the microbial activities during wastewater treatment. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine the variety of livestock wastewater in biodegradability and its effect on the performance of a pilot scale tidal flow CWs (TFCWs) in organic matter and nitrogen removal. Furthermore, investigation of the potential inhibition of the chosen disinfectants on organic matter biodegradation and nitrification was another aim of this study. 相似文献814.
为了控制污水脱氮中N2O排放,在不同曝气强度下研究了好氧硝化段同时硝化反硝化(SND)系统的N2O排放特性,并采用PCR—DGGE技术分析微生物群落特征。结果发现,随着曝气强度的增强,系统总氮去除率下降,但脱氮中N2O—N所占比例则上升,实验中从低到高3个曝气强度下,总氮去除率分别为80.01%、65.28%和58.62%,脱氮中N2O—N所占的比例为1.89%、7.84%和9.20%。PCR—DGGE分析显示,和低曝气强度下相比中、高曝气强度下系统微生物群落发生明显变化,但中曝气强度和高曝气强度下系统微生物群落表现出较高相似性。这表明,不同曝气强度下系统N2O排放受到氮素转化和微生物群落变化的影响。适宜曝气强度不仅提高总氮去除率,还可有效控制N2O排放。 相似文献
815.
816.
817.
Yong Q. Tian Jianjun Wang John A. Duff Brian L. Howes Angeliki Evgenidou 《Environmental management》2009,44(1):119-135
This study examines the distribution, composition, and structure of benthic communities in nine shallow-water semienclosed
embayments on Cape Cod, southeastern Massachusetts. The spatial patterns were used to associate benthic characteristics with
local environmental factors. Field data from multiple years were collected to measure macrofaunal abundance, community composition,
and environmental characteristics. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze the spatial variations of species composition
and the abundance of benthic macrofauna. Canonical ordination, specifically redundancy analysis, was used to determine the
relative importance of the environmental factors (nutrients and habitat factors) being studied. The analyses demonstrate that
the benthic communities in the shallow tidal embayments are clearly clustered in association with the local environments.
Species composition and community structure of the benthic macrofauna are significantly correlated with water column parameters,
especially with phytoplankton biomass, total nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen. 相似文献
818.
K.W. Pi L.X. Gao M.X. Fan W.Q. Gong D.J. Wan 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2009,87(5):336-342
The municipal landfill leachate was treated in a hydrolysis–acidification reactor (HAR)/aerobic bio-contact oxidation reactor (ABOR) following a pretreatment with ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. Experiments were conducted continuously for 44 days at a constant flow rate of 20 l d−1 and organic loading rates (OLRs) from 0.75 to 1.5 kgCOD m−3 per day. The results showed that COD of the leachate steadily decreased from 20,015 mg l−1 to less than 3000 mg l−1, and NH4-N decreased from 368.6 mg l−1 to 259.3 mg l−1 in the UF process. The COD and NH4-N removal efficiency of HAR was 56.7% and 27.7%, and that of ABOR was 94.6% and 86.7%, respectively. The total COD and NH4-N removal efficiency reached 99.6% and 93.2%, respectively. UF and HAR played a critical role in raising the biodegradability of the landfill leachate, while ABOR had an important function on removing the dissolved NH4-N in leachate. 相似文献
819.
钛基氧化物涂层电极在污水处理方面的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用涂刷热分解氧化法研究制作了3种钛基金属氧化物涂层电极:SnO2-Sb2O3-CeO2/SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti、SnO2-Sb2O3-CoO2/SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti和SnO2-Sb2O3-CoO2/IrO2/Ti,用于处理生活污水,筛选出了处理效果最好的电极:SnO2-Sb2O3-CeO2/SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti电极。通过SnO2-Sb2O3-CeO2/SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti电极处理生活污水的静态实验,研究了电解时间、电流密度等因素对电解效果的影响,得出该电极较佳的运行参数是:极板间距1 cm、电流密度10 mA/cm2、电解时间2 h,此时,COD、NH3-N、总磷、总氮、SS和大肠菌群的去除率分别为94.0%、99.8%、51.8%、70.8%、100%和100%;并用该参数进行了动态实验,连续运行60 d,得到了稳定的出水水质数据。 相似文献
820.
Yoo Jung Kim Jung-Hun Woo Young-Il Ma Suhyang Kim Jung Sik Nam Hakyoung Sung Ki-Chul Choi Jihyun Seo Jeong Su Kim Chang-Hee Kang Gangwoong Lee Chul-Un Ro Duk Chang Young Sunwoo 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(34):5556-5566
In this study, background concentration sites of Deokjeok and Gosan, which were deemed suitable for monitoring the impact of long-range transported air pollutants, were selected. An investigation of the source types of pollutants, their locations, and relative quantitative contributions to the particulate concentrations at both sites using appropriate methodologies to make initial estimations was conducted. Episodic measurements of PM2.5, PM10, and size distribution, along with its ion and carbon components were performed from 2005 to 2007, and a comprehensive analysis of the results was conducted utilizing back trajectory analysis. As for frequency of wind direction, it was quite apparent that the two sites are heavily influenced by air masses originating from the eastern and northern regions of China. For PM2.5 and PM10, the mass concentrations from north and east China were higher than other cases, originating from the ocean. In the northerly-wind case, meteorological properties for Deokjeok and Gosan and the influence of carbon emissions from northwest Korea resulted in a changing of air mass properties during transport. As was the case with mass concentration, the highest contribution for ionic and carbon components of PM2.5 and PM10 for both sites appeared for the westerly wind case. A specially high relative contribution, greater than 1.4 times, was apparent in the secondary aerosol case because of a large influence of long-range transported pollutants from east China. Carbon components exhibited different behaviors for the northerly and westerly wind cases compared with secondary aerosol. The major reason for this discrepancy appears to be the carbon emissions from northwest Korea. 相似文献