A comparison study of the potential risks induced in arable land and forest soils by carcass-derived pollutants

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Improper decisions concerning animal carcass disposal sites pose grave threats to environmental biosecurity. However, only a few studies have focused on the...     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bulk PM2.5 and size-segregated aerosol particle samples measured in an urban environment

To analyze polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at an urban site in Seoul, South Korea, 24-hr ambient air PM_2.5 samples were collected during five intensive sampling periods between November 1998 and December 1999. To determine the PAH size distribution, 3-day size-segregated aerosol samples were also collected in December 1999. Concentrations of the 16 PAHs in the PM_2.5 particles ranged from 3.9 to 119.9 ng m⁻³ with a mean of 24.3 ng m⁻³.An exceptionally high concentration of PAHs(∼120 ng m⁻³) observed during a haze event in December 1999 was likely influenced more by diesel vehicle exhaust than by gasoline exhaust, as well as air stagnation, as evidenced by the low carbon monoxide/elemental carbon (CO/EC) ratio of 205 found in this study and results reported by previous studies. The total PAHs associated with the size-segregated particles showed unimodal distributions. Compared to the unimodal size distributions of PAHs with modal peaks at < 0.12 μm measured in highway tunnels in Los Angeles (Venkataraman and Friedlander, 1994), four- to six-ring PAHs in our study had unimodal size distributions, peaking at the larger size range of 0.28–0.53 μm, suggesting the coagulation of freshly emitted ultrafine particles during transport to the sampling site. Further, the fraction of PAHs associated with coarse particles(> 1.8 μm) increased as the molecular weight of the PAHs decreased due to volatilization of fine particles followed by condensation onto coarse particles.     

衡山云水总过氧化氢的浓度特征及气象影响因素

于2009年3月11日—5月29日在衡山采集云雾水样品,采用荧光分光光度法对样品中的总过氧化氢浓度进行了测定,分析了衡山云雾水中总过氧化氢的浓度特征及气象影响因素。结果表明,衡山云雾水中总过氧化氢平均浓度为8.46 μmol/L,呈现出明显的日夜浓度差异。分析风向、风速、辐射强度和温度对云雾水总过氧化氢浓度的影响,发现总过氧化氢浓度与风速间存在明显的负相关关系,风向主要来自海洋时,其浓度较高,来自陆地时则较低,这与来自陆地的气流携带有大量的氮氧化物和二氧化硫有关。此外,总过氧化氢浓度随温度的升高具有明显增加的趋势,且当辐射强度大于50 w/m²时,总过氧化氢与辐射强度呈良好的正相关,相关系数为0.713,说明总过氧化氢的浓度分布与光化学反应关系密切。     

Recent advances in membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment in China

Since the introduction of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) in China in the early 1990s, remarkable progress has been achieved on the research and application of this technology. China has now become one of the most active fields in the world in this regard. This review outlines the development of MBR-based processes in China and their performance of treating municipal and industrial wastewaters. Since membrane fouling is a critical operational problem with MBR processes, this paper also proposes updated understanding of fouling mechanisms and strategies of fouling control, which are mainly compiled from publications of Chinese researchers. As for the commercial application of MBR in the country, the latest statistics of large-scale MBR plants (>10000 m³·d⁻¹) are provided, and the growth trend of total treatment capacity as well as its driving force is analyzed.     

二溴海因危险性试验研究

为评价二溴海因(简称DBDMH)在使用、储运过程中的危险性,采用75℃热稳定性试验对二溴海因在高热条件下的稳定性进行了研究,采用C600微量热法测试了二溴海因的放热起始温度、分解热,并依据《联合国关于危险货物运输的建议书-试验和标准手册》对其爆炸性进行了筛选,通过固体氧化性试验和家兔皮肤刺激性/腐蚀性试验分别对二溴海因的氧化性和皮肤刺激性进行了测试。结果表明:二溴海因在75℃热稳定性试验过程中没有出现着火或爆炸,未出现自加热迹象,不属于太不稳定不能运输的物质;其分解反应只有一步,起始反应温度大约为157℃,分解热为384.8J/g,不属于爆炸品;二溴海因具有氧化性,根据《联合国关于危险货物运输的建议书-规章范本》其包装级别为Ⅱ级;在家兔皮肤刺激性/腐蚀性试验中未见不可逆损伤,对皮肤具有强刺激性。     

微氧+人工湿地组合工艺处理生活污水的试验研究

通过微氧+人工湿地组合工艺对生活污水处理效果的研究,认为该工艺是比较适合农村生活污水处理应用的工艺组合。微氧预处理对COD的平均去除率在30%以上,人工湿地水力负荷为0.2 m3/(m2.d),对COD的平均去除率在60%以上,对NH3-N的平均去除率在30%～40%,该工艺组合的运行费用为0.15～0.20元/t(污水自流进入系统情况下)。     

浅层地下水与地表水污染物交换关系研究——以常州市老城区为例

通过研究北市河地质结构、地表水和地下水补排关系、污染物在地表水和地下水中的迁移转化规律及转化量这3个方面来分析地下水与地表水的水力联系,发现北市河从地质角度上上游、中游具备发生水利联系的条件,而下游的发生水利联系的可能性很小;上游平水期污染物由地表水扩散到地下水,丰水期由地下水扩散到地表水;中游地区地表水的污染物扩散到地下水,而下游就没有明显的污染物扩散现象.然而并未发现地下水地表水之间有明显的相互影响.     

基于卫星遥感数据(AOD)估算PM2.5的研究进展

雾霾天气的频繁出现,不断向人们警示中国大气环境污染的严重性.细颗粒物PM2.5作为空气质量评价指标之一,由于粒径小、为有毒性物质提供载体的特性,对人们的健康和生活产生很大的负面影响.近年来,PM2.5的相关研究引起了世界各国研究者的广泛关注,通过地基手段获得PM2.5质量浓度受到环境、地理等因素的限制,而利用卫星遥感技术估算地面PM2.5质量浓度,覆盖面广、估算精度可靠,对环境污染监测和治理具有重要意义.在综合了国内外关于气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)估算PM2.5文献的基础上,对AOD和PM2.5的数据源和估算的方法及手段作了简要介绍,分析总结了AOD与PM2.5相关性与PM2.5遥感估算的模型,并展望了未来PM2.5研究的发展方向.     

硫酸盐还原——甲烷化两相厌氧处理工艺中的回流比研究

以硫酸盐还原—产甲烷两相厌氧新型工艺处理含高浓度硫酸盐有机废水,气提塔出水的回流比的操作选择十分关键。根据、电离平衡理论及最佳工艺条件要求(液相中的C_L(H_2S)≥208mg/L,c(S~(2-))≤500mg/L)推导出估算回流比的模型为[Bc_0(SO_4~(2-))/1500-1]/η≤R≤[Bc_0(SO_4~(2-))(1.49×10~(pH-7) 1)~(-1)/588-1]/η。以该模型为依据处理SO_4~(2-)浓度为10000mg/L合成废水时,得到总COD去除率和总硫酸盐还原率分别为92.6％和97.6％。     

基于多时相遥感影像的围填海动态监测与变化分析——以辽宁省部分沿海县市为例

本研究选取2016年天宫二号宽波段成像仪数据,联合1986、1996、2006年Landsat-5的历史遥感影像数据开展辽宁省部分沿海县市围填海变化监测,并分析湿地-围填海的转移关系。结果表明,1986~2016年,辽宁省部分沿海县市围填海面积持续增加,近10 a增加最多,面积为29499.73 hm2。围填海占用滩涂湿地面积各时期比较稳定,占用近海水域面积逐年上升,占用盐沼湿地面积逐年减少,围填海开发活动具有由陆地向近海转移的趋势。不同时期,湿地-围填海的转移关系有较大差异,进一步权衡不同转移类型的生态服务价值损失与经济价值增加的关系,对科学地进行围填海规划与实施具有指导意义。