坡度分析在昆明盆地断层分段中的应用

地面坡度是反映地形地貌变化的关键因子,应用坡度分析一定程度上可以反映断层的展布特征。本文收集整理昆明市区附近千余份钻孔数据,筛选其中238个钻孔进行钻孔层序分层和数据库的建设,使用ArcScene软件生成研究区地表、海埂组(QhH)底部以及官渡组(Qp3G)底部地层面的三维地质模型。应用ArcGIS软件中坡度分析模块,获得各个界面的坡度图,从坡度变化特征方面对研究区5条主要断层的活动性与分段特征进行了初步探讨。     

Comparative Analysis of Viral Concentration Methods for Detecting the HAV Genome Using Real-Time RT-PCR Amplification

Hepatitis A is a major infectious disease epidemiologically associated with foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Molecular detection using real-time RT-PCR to detect the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in contaminated vegetables can be hindered by low-virus recoveries during the concentration process and by natural PCR inhibitors in vegetables. This study evaluated three virus concentration methods from vegetables: polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration (UF), and immunomagnetic separation (IMS). UF was the most efficient concentration method, while PEG and IMS were very low for the recovery rate of HAV. These results demonstrate that UF is the most appropriate method for recovering HAV from contaminated vegetables and that this method combined with the real-time RT-PCR assay may be suitable for routine laboratory use.     

分流制泵站旱流放江对受纳河道水质的影响

为了探明分流制泵站旱流放江对受纳河道的影响,以上海市中心城区典型分流制系统Z泵站为例,研究了旱流放江对受纳河道水质的影响。结果显示:（1）受泵站放江的影响,河道COD、硫化物以及氨氮的增幅分别为0.23%～37.68%、7.4%～76.19%、10.60%～76.15%;（2）旱流放江污染物对河道水质的影响有显著差异,其中COD与氨氮浓度的下降主要源于水体的稀释扩散作用;而H₂S、FeS等硫化物浓度的降低则更多的受到氧化还原反应的影响;（3）Z泵站旱流放江对Z河水质的显著影响范围为泵站排放口上下游40 m范围内,对黄浦江水质的影响则总体不大。     

聚氨酯泡沫材料的粘接性能研究

介绍了常规聚氨酯泡沫材料的原料及合成;探讨了主要原料的选择,发泡剂、交联剂、催化剂等助剂的选择及化学改性聚氨酯泡沫三方面因素对聚氨酯泡沫粘接性能的变化规律的影响,并介绍了常用的几种提高聚氨酯泡沫粘接强度的方法;提出了改善聚氨酯泡沫粘接过程中存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

LNG加气站槽车卸车直供过程泄漏后果分析*

为研究LNG加气站槽车直接供液过程泄漏后果严重程度,采用HAZOP辨识槽车供液和储罐供液典型泄漏场景,基于PHAST分析不同泄漏场景下LNG液池半径、蒸汽云扩散距离及积聚时长、爆炸超压和池火热辐射影响范围,定量评价槽车供液可能造成的事故后果扩大程度。结果表明:槽车供液泄漏事故的LNG液池最大半径、蒸汽云最大扩散距离、爆炸超压最大影响半径和池火热辐射最大半径,分别为储罐供液的5.7,1.7,2.3,7.9倍;槽车在无人值守条件下泄漏形成的LNG液池最大半径和蒸汽云积聚时长,分别为有人值守下的1.85,56倍;日供液量较大加气站不宜采用槽车直接为汽车供液模式,而应采用先卸车入罐、再储罐供液的模式;应落实槽车卸车轮班值守制度,并与周边社区建立有效的应急联动方案。     

A Comparison of DEM‐Based Indexes for Targeting the Placement of Vegetative Buffers in Agricultural Watersheds

Targeted placement of vegetative buffers may increase their effectiveness for improving water quality in agricultural watersheds. The use of digital elevation models (DEMs) enables precise mapping of runoff pathways for identifying where greater runoff loads can be intercepted and treated with buffers. Five different DEM‐based targeting indexes were compared and contrasted for the degree to which they identify similar locations in watersheds: Flow Accumulation [S.K. Jenson and J.O. Domingue (1988). Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54:1593], Wetness Index [I.D. Moore, R.B. Grayson, and A.R. Ladson (1991). Hydrological Processes 5:3], Topographic Index [M.T. Walter, T.S. Steenhuis, V.K. Mehta, D. Thongs, M. Zion, and E. Schneiderman (2002). Hydrological Processes 16:2041], and the Water Inflow and Sediment Retention Indexes [M.G. Dosskey, Z. Qiu, M.J. Helmers, and D.E. Eisenhauer (2011b). Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 66:362]. The indexes were applied in two different watersheds, one in New Jersey and one in Missouri. Results showed that they all tend to target similar locations in both watersheds which traces to the importance of larger contributing area to the rankings by each index. Disagreement among indexes traces to other variables which enable more accurate targeting under particular hydrologic circumstances. Effective use of these indexes poses special challenges, including selecting an index that better describes the hydrologic circumstances in a watershed and is simple enough to use, ensuring the accuracy of the DEM, and determining a maximum index value for the appropriateness of vegetative buffers. When properly applied, each index can provide a standardized basis and effective spatial resolution for targeting buffer placement in watersheds.     

基于Arcgis Server与ASP.Net Ajax的北京市应急避难场所信息管理平台设计与实现

北京作为＂国家首都、世界城市、文化名城和宜居城市＂,近两年加快了应急避难场所建设的步伐。针对北京市应急避难场所管理过程中存在的问题,在详细介绍ArcGIS Server的体系结构和内部运行机制的基础上,结合北京市应急避难场所的实际情况,开发了基于ASP.Net Ajax和Arcgis Server北京市应急避难场所信息管理平台。系统采用了Oracle数据库存储空间和业务数据,通过ArcSDE实现Arcgis Server和Oracle数据库的连接,实现了属性数据和空间数据的一体化存储。不仅有利于提供及时、直观、形象的应急避难场所属性信息和空间信息,同时在事故发生后抢险救灾、伤员疏散以及最大限度的减少事故损失方面起到了关键作用。     

Water quality changes of a closed underground coal mine in Korea

The objective of this study was to assess the changes in mine water quality as an underground mine flooded from July 2005 to October 2008. The effect of air injection with a blower into the water was used to evaluate the potential to convert ferrous to ferric iron and to provide in situ treatment and precipitation. Mine flooding averaged 31 cm/day with a linear shape until November 2007, when it flattened out due to outflow. During flooding, mine water pH remained around 6, but Eh shifted from 200 to −150 mV. After the mine water level stabilized, contents of elements such as Fe and SO₄ tended to decrease as time passed. Air was injected by diffusers (150 L/min/each) at three different depths of 2, 3, and 5 m below the water level in the shaft. Dissolved oxygen eventually increased to 4 or 5 mg/L depending on the depth of the diffusers. Aeration caused conversion of ferrous iron to ferric iron and about 30 mg/l of iron was removed from the mine water. Therefore, air injection shows potential as a semi-active treatment or part of conventional treatment to precipitate iron in the mine pool.     

金沙江中游奉科湖相层ESR年代学研究及成因探讨

不同流域大量发育的沉积物不仅记录了晚新生代的气候信息,也为地貌演化等研究提供了重要依据。我国著名的第四纪地质单元——昔格达组,在青藏高原东南缘地区的大河流域中广泛发育,如攀枝花地区金沙江湖相地层。因此,对该地区湖相地层的沉积特征、形成时代及其成因机制的研究具有重要意义,但其形成时代至今仍存在较大争议。昔格达组颜色上以黄色、灰白色为主,厚度介于几十米到几百米,主要由黏土、粉沙、细沙等细粒组分组成,发育水平层理多数呈半成岩状态;该套地层的分布受现今河流的严格控制,呈孤立状态分布于金沙江及其支流的河谷中。本文在金沙江中游奉科地区发现出露典型湖相地层,厚约20 m,在奉科剖面采集5个样品,开展ESR年代学研究,结果表明：该套湖相地层年龄为440—556 ka,属于中更新世沉积。野外地质地貌考察结果显示：该套湖相地层直接超覆于基岩之上,且在上覆湖相地层中未发现砾石层和沙层等典型的河流相二元结构,结合ESR测年结果,初步判断奉科湖相地层为大型滑坡堵塞金沙江形成的堰塞湖沉积。