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排序方式: 共有78条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
11.
Felipe Silva Lilyan Fulginiti Richard Perrin Karina Schoengold 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(5):1085-1101
The High Plains Aquifer (HPA) underlies parts of eight states and 208 counties in the central area of the United States (U.S.). This region produces more than 9% of U.S. crops sales and relies on the aquifer for irrigation. However, these withdrawals have diminished the stock of water in the aquifer. In this paper, we investigate the aggregate county‐level effect on the HPA of groundwater withdrawal for irrigation, of climate variables, and of energy price changes. We merge economic theory and hydrological characteristics to jointly estimate equations describing irrigation behavior and a generalized water balance equation for the HPA. Our simple water balance model predicts, at average values for irrigation and precipitation, an HPA‐wide average decrease in the groundwater table of 0.47 feet per year, compared to 0.48 feet per year observed on average across the HPA during this 1985–2005 period. The observed distribution and predicted change across counties is in the (?3.22, 1.59) and (?2.24, 0.60) feet per year range, respectively. The estimated impact of irrigation is to decrease the water table by an average of 1.24 feet per year, whereas rainfall recharges the level by an average of 0.76 feet per year. Relative to the past several decades, if groundwater use is unconstrained, groundwater depletion would increase 50% in a scenario where precipitation falls by 25% and the number of degree days above 36°C doubles. Editor’s note : This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series. 相似文献
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Silva Marcio Roberto Ferreira Fernando César Maranhão Adriana Gonçalves Lanzarini Natália Maria de Carvalho Castro Karina Neboo Miagostovich Marize Pereira 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(4):528-534
Food and Environmental Virology - Enteric viruses have been described as important contaminants in fresh and ready-to-eat foods such as sandwiches, deli meat and dairy products. This is a... 相似文献
14.
Quadri-Adrogué Agustina Gómez-Ramírez Pilar García-Fernández Antonio Juan García Germán Oscar Seco-Pon Juan Pablo Miglioranza Karina Silvia Beatriz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(17):24793-24801
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mercury (Hg) is a great concern for marine environments. Bird feathers have been widely used to assess Hg pollution. In this study, we determine... 相似文献
15.
Singh S Sharma DK Dhar S Kumar A Kumar A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):301-309
Two measurement campaigns were conducted in two sampling sites, An Thinh and Duy Minh, in northern Vietnam during the months
of November–December 2000 and November 2001–February 2002 in order to investigate the extend of the particulate air pollution
from the Pha Lai coal fired power plant. Fine particle samples were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry
and soot samples were analyzed by reflectometer. The result showed that high concentration of soot and elements mostly coincided
with the air masses originating from the power plant. Sea spray aerosol was found to be the major source of chlorine at both
sites. Ratios of specific elements and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that coal combustion was the main contributor
to the air pollution at both sites. PCA also indicated that there were other sources responsible for the elements emission,
probably the influence of long distance transport and Asian Brown Cloud. 相似文献
16.
Agricultural soil as a potential source of input of organochlorine pesticides into a nearby pond 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Miglioranza KS González Sagrario Mde L Aizpún de Moreno JE Moreno VJ Escalante AH Osterrieth ML 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(4):250-256
A study was conducted in the southeastern region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, to assess an agricultural soil as a potential source of organochlorine (OC) pesticides for the aquatic biota of a nearby pond. We analyzed gamma-HCH (lindane), still in use, and the following banned compounds: DDT, DDE, DDD heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin and endrin in soil, bulrush, grass shrimp and fish using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Among the OC pesticides, lindane was most dominant in the soil (32.6 ng/g dry wt in the upper and 173.9 ng/g dry wt in the lower horizon) and bulrush (1.9 pg/g lipid). Macrophyte also accumulated high levels of heptachlor epoxide (1.5 pg/g lipid). Heptachlor, although present in the soil, was below the detection limit in all aquatic biota studied. Its primary degradation product, heptachlor epoxide, was found in both soil and biota samples. DDT was found at low levels in the surface soil (6.8 ng/g dry wt), but at higher concentrations in fish (3.6 pg/g lipid), although levels were still below permissible levels for human consumption. Since most of the compounds were found in both soil and aquatic biota, our study suggests that agricultural soil could be an important source for OC pesticides in the nearby pond. 相似文献
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18.
Courtland L. Smith Jennifer Gilden Brent S. Steel Karina Mrakovcich 《Environmental management》1998,22(5):671-681
/ Emerging ecosystem science builds on adaptive management as an approach to dealing with salmon problems in the Pacific Northwest. Adaptive management brings scientific and democratic processes together. However, managers, the public, resource users, and scientists differ in their views on the causes of salmon decline. Managers emphasize habitat loss and over-harvest as the primary causes; commercial fishers point to habitat loss, management practices, and predators; and the public gives greatest weight to water pollution and ocean drift nets. Scientific studies of salmon often produce results that seem contradictory or unclear to the public. For adaptive management to be effective, scientists' and the public need to better understand one another's perspectives.KEY WORDS: Perception; Fishery management; Salmon; Pacific Northwest; Science 相似文献
19.
Sebastián Tapia-Lewin Karina Vergara Christian De La Barra Natalio Godoy Juan Carlos Castilla Stefan Gelcich 《Ambio》2017,46(6):706-716
Artisanal fishery activities support the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Within these fisheries, distal global drivers can promote switching between alternative target resources. These drivers can promote the rapid development of new, unregulated and previously unexploited fisheries that pose a threat to the sustainability of ecosystems. In this paper, we describe a new artisanal shore gathering activity that targets a previously unexploited resource: the sandhopper (Orchestoidea tuberculata). The activity is driven by aquarium trade demand for food. We used mixed methods to describe the activity, assessed basic socio-economic incentives, and estimated Catches per Unit Effort. Results show that the sandhopper plays an important role for the livelihoods of shore gatherers engaged in the activity. Gatherers have adapted and developed two main extraction methods with different degrees of investment and extraction rates. Furthermore, gatherers have developed local knowledge regarding the ecology and management of the resource. Results show that economic incentives can motivate a rapid expansion of this unregulated activity. Future research gaps and management options to address the development of this fishery are discussed in light of these findings. 相似文献
20.
Christian Pansch Ivan Gómez Eva Rothäusler Karina Veliz Martin Thiel 《Marine Biology》2008,155(1):51-62
Chemical defense is assumed to be costly and therefore algae should allocate defense investments in a way to reduce costs
and optimize their overall fitness. Thus, lifetime expectation of particular tissues and their contribution to the fitness
of the alga may affect defense allocation. Two brown algae common to the SE Pacific coasts, Lessonia nigrescens Bory and Macrocystis integrifolia Bory, feature important ontogenetic differences in the development of reproductive structures; in L. nigrescens blade tissues pass from a vegetative stage to a reproductive stage, while in M. integrifolia reproductive and vegetative functions are spatially separated on different blades. We hypothesized that vegetative blades
of L. nigrescens with important future functions are more (or equally) defended than reproductive blades, whereas in M. integrifolia defense should be mainly allocated to reproductive blades (sporophylls), which are considered to make a higher contribution
to fitness. Herein, within-plant variation in susceptibility of reproductive and vegetative tissues to herbivory and in allocation
of phlorotannins (phenolics) and N-compounds was compared. The results show that phlorotannin and N-concentrations were higher
in reproductive blade tissues for both investigated algae. However, preferences by amphipod grazers (Parhyalella penai) for either tissue type differed between the two algal species. Fresh reproductive tissue of L. nigrescens was more consumed than vegetative tissue, while the reverse was found in M. integrifolia, thus confirming the original hypothesis. This suggests that future fitness function might indeed be a useful predictor of
anti-herbivore defense in large, perennial kelps. Results from feeding assays with artificial pellets that were made with
air-dried material and extract-treated Ulva powder indicated that defenses in live algae are probably not based on chemicals that can be extracted or remain intact after
air-drying and grinding up algal tissues. Instead, anti-herbivore defense against amphipod mesograzers seems to depend on
structural traits of living algae. 相似文献