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41.
Sonja Ayeb‐Karlsson Dominic Kniveton Terry Cannon Kees van der Geest Istiakh Ahmed Erin M. Derrington Ebinezer Florano Denis Opiyo Opondo 《Disasters》2019,43(4):752-770
While much work has been invested in addressing the economic and technical basis of disaster preparedness, less effort has been directed towards understanding the cultural and social obstacles to and opportunities for disaster risk reduction. This paper presents local insights from five different national settings into the cultural and social contexts of disaster preparedness. In most cases, an early warning system was in place, but it failed to alert people to diverse environmental shocks. The research findings show that despite geographical and typological differences in these locations, the limitations of the systems were fairly similar. In Kenya, people received warnings, but from contradictory systems, whereas in the Philippines and on the island of Saipan, people did not understand the messages or take them seriously. In Bangladesh and Nepal, however, a deeper cultural and religious reasoning serves to explain disasters, and how to prevent them or find safety when they strike. 相似文献
42.
Olle Ericsson Tarja Ahola Fredrik Dahl Filip Karlsson Fredrik Persson Olof Karlberg Fredrik Roos Ida Alftrén Björn Andersson Emelie Barkenäs Ani Boghos Birgit Brandner Jenny Dahlberg Per-Ola Forsgren Niels Francois Anna Gousseva Faizan Hakamali Åsa Janfalk-Carlsson Henrik Johansson Johanna Lundgren Atefeh Mohsenchian Linus Olausson Simon Olofsson Atif Qureshi Björn Skarpås Peter Svahn Anna Sävneby Eva Åström Anna Sahlberg Aino Fianu-Jonasson Jérémie Gautier Jean-Marc Costa Bo Jacobsson Kypros Nicolaides 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(11):1011-1015
43.
44.
Increased biodegradation of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix in starch-filled LDPE materials
Ann-Christine Albertsson Camilla Barenstedt Sigbritt Karlsson 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(4):241-245
Preheated14C-labeled LDPE-films with 15% corn starch and a proxidant formulation [masterbatch (MB)] incubated in aqueous solutions with fungi at ambient temperature are about three times more susceptible to biodegradation than the corresponding preheated pure LDPE as observed by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The inbuilt induction time before autoxidation commences can be shortened by initial heating. Preheated LDPE-MB materials biodegrade about five times faster than nonheated ones. After 1 year of biodegradation of nonheated LDPE-MB, sporadic increases in the evolution of14CO2 have been noted, showing that the induction time may be running toward and end. 相似文献
45.
Determination of nitrate and other water quality parameters in groundwater from UV/Vis spectra employing partial least squares regression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The use of UV/Vis spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares (PLS) regression for the simultaneous prediction of nitrate and non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) in groundwaters was evaluated. A model of high quality was obtained using first order derivative spectra in the range 200-300 nm. Inclusion of non-UV-absorbing constituents in the modeling procedure, i.e., chloride, sulfate, fluoride, total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), alkalinity, pH and conductivity was also evaluated. This model seemed to be useful for prediction of chloride, TC, IC, alkalinity and conductivity, while its ability to predict sulfate, fluoride and pH was poor. In conclusion, application of PLS regression, which requires neither filtration of samples nor addition of chemicals, is a promising alternative for fast interpretation of geochemical patterns of groundwater quality. 相似文献
46.
Sediment cores from four small oligotrophic boreal lakes, with minor acidification, in remote regions of central Sweden were used for historical interpretation of their metal content, with focus on Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in Lake Stensj?n, which has the longest sediment record (at least two centuries according to (210)Pb dating). Comparison is made with the other three lakes. Major and trace elements in lake water, porewater and the acid-leached (HNO(3)) solid sediment phase was analysed with ICP-MS. In addition, general lake water chemistry, TOC and principal anions were measured in the aqueous phases. Redistribution processes were interpreted from geochemical modelling. The solid/solution distribution of pe/pH sensitive elements, indicates a minor diagenetic redistribution and the concentration profiles are therefore suitable for chronological evaluation. The ratios of Al, Ti, Sc and V, indicated a qualitative shift of sedimenting material a century ago, which did not have any impact on the retention of trace elements. Lead had a concentration profile, supported by the (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratio, where it was possible to distinguish preindustrial conditions, early industrialisation in Europe, industrialisation in Sweden, and the use of leaded petrol after the Second World War. Cadmium showed a similar concentration pattern. The zinc profile resembled that of cadmium, but with less enrichment. Local lithogenic sources are believed to be quantitatively important. The solid/solution distribution (K(d)) was independent of depth for all four elements. The sediment concentrations of copper and zinc are not related to early industrialisation but its concentration has doubled since the Second World War. 相似文献
47.
Lane snappers (Lutjanus synagris), sampled from eight localities in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and one locality along the Atlantic coast of Florida,
were assayed for allelic variation at 14 nuclear-encoded microsatellites and for sequence variation in a 590 base-pair fragment
of the mitochondrially encoded ND-4 gene (mtDNA). Significant heterogeneity among the nine localities in both microsatellite
allele and genotype distributions and mtDNA haplotype distributions was indicated by exact tests and by analysis of molecular
variance (AMOVA). Exact tests between pairs of localities and spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) for both microsatellites
and mtDNA revealed two genetically distinct groups: a Western Group that included six localities from the northwestern and
northcentral Gulf and an Eastern Group that included three localities, one from the west coast of Florida, one from the Florida
Keys, and one from the east (Atlantic) coast of Florida. The between-groups component of molecular variance was significant
for both microsatellites (Φ
CT = 0.016, P = 0.009) and mtDNA (Φ
CT = 0.208, P = 0.010). Exact tests between pairs of localities within each group and spatial autocorrelation analysis did not reveal genetic
heterogeneity or an isolation-by-distance effect among localities within either group. MtDNA haplotype diversity was significantly
less (P < 0.0001) in the Western Group than in the Eastern Group; microsatellite allelic richness and gene diversity also were significantly
less in the Western Group (P = 0.015 and 0.013, respectively). The difference in genetic variability between the two groups may reflect reduced effective
population size in the Western Group and/or asymmetric rates of genetic migration. The relative difference in variability
between the two groups was substantially greater in mtDNA and may reflect one or more mtDNA selective sweeps; tests of neutrality
of the mtDNA data were consistent with this possibility. Bayesian analysis of genetic demography indicated that both groups
have experienced a historical decline in effective population size, with the decline being greater in the Western Group. Maximum-likelihood
analysis of microsatellite data indicated significant asymmetry in average, long-term migration rates between the two groups,
with roughly twofold greater migration from the Western Group to the Eastern Group. The difference in mtDNA variability and
the order-of-magnitude difference in genetic divergence between mtDNA and microsatellites may reflect different demographic
events affecting mtDNA disproportionately and/or a sexual and/or spatial bias in gene flow and dispersal. The spatial discontinuity
among lane snappers in the region corresponds to a known zone of vicariance in other marine species. The evidence of two genetically
distinct groupings (stocks) has implications for management of lane snapper resources in the northern Gulf. 相似文献
48.
49.
Sven Andersson Evalena W. Blomqvist Linda Bäfver Frida Jones Kent Davidsson Jan Froitzheim Martin Karlsson Erik Larsson Jesper Liske 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(1):67-78
Sulfur recirculation is a new technology for reducing boiler corrosion and dioxin formation. It was demonstrated in full-scale tests at a Waste to Energy plant in Göteborg (Sweden) during nearly two months of operation. Sulfur was recirculated as sulfuric acid from the flue gas cleaning back to the boiler, thus creating a sulfur loop.The new technology was evaluated by extensive measurement campaigns during operation under normal conditions (reference case) and operation with sulfur recirculation. The chlorine content of both fly ash and boiler ash decreased and the sulfur content increased during the sulfur recirculation tests. The deposit growth and the particle concentration decreased with sulfur recirculation and the dioxin concentration (I-TEQ) of the flue gas was reduced by approximately 25%. Sulfuric acid dew point measurements showed that the sulfuric acid dosage did not lead to elevated SO3 concentrations, which may otherwise induce low temperature corrosion.In the sulfur recirculation corrosion probe exposures, the corrosion rate decreased for all tested materials (16Mo3, Sanicro 28 and Inconel 625) and material temperatures (450 °C and 525 °C) compared to the reference exposure. The corrosion rates were reduced by 60–90%. Sulfur recirculation prevented the formation of transition metal chlorides at the metal/oxide interface, formation of chromate and reduced the presence of zinc in the corrosion products. Furthermore, measured corrosion rates at 525 °C with sulfur recirculation in operation were similar or lower compared to those measured at 450 °C material temperature in reference conditions, which corresponds to normal operation at normal steam temperatures. This implies that sulfur recirculation allows for higher steam data and electricity production without increasing corrosion. 相似文献
50.
To balance trade-offs between livestock’s negative environmental impacts and their positive contributions (e.g. maintaining semi-natural grasslands, varied agricultural landscapes and crop rotations), a better understanding is needed of how the supply of ecosystem services differs across farms. We analysed a suite of indicators for non-provisioning ecosystem services on a large subset of Swedish farms (71% of farms, covering 82% of agricultural land) and related these to farm type, farm size and livestock density. The analysed indicators exhibited clear geographical patterns with hotspots especially in less productive regions. Controlling for this spatial variation we still found that small-scale and ruminant farms were associated with more varied landscapes, small-scale habitats, semi-natural grasslands and better crop sequences compared to nearby farms specialised in crop production, while farms specialising in monogastric livestock were associated with less varied landscapes and inferior crop sequences. Results for cultural ecosystem services indicated that farms with more semi-natural grassland were associated with more visitors and more likely located within designated recreation or nature conservation areas.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01726-y. 相似文献