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81.
Heike Hildebrand Dana Kühnel Katrin Mackenzie Kristin Schirmer 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(1):65-73
Palladium/magnetite nanoparticulate catalysts were developed for efficient elimination of halogenated organic pollutants from contaminated wastewater. Particle recovery from treated water can be ensured via magnetic separation. However, in worst-case scenarios, this catalyst removal step might fail, leading to particle release into the environment. Therefore, a toxicological study was conducted to investigate the impact of both pure magnetite and palladium/magnetite nanoparticle exposure upon human skin (HaCaT) and human colon (CaCo-2) cell lines and a cell line from rainbow trout gills (RTgill-W1). To quantify cell viability after particle exposure, three endpoints were examined for all tested cell lines. Additionally, the formation of reactive oxygen species was studied for the human cells. The results showed only minor effects of the particles on the tested cell systems and support the assumption that palladium/magnetite nano-catalysts can be implemented for a new wastewater treatment technology in which advantageous catalyst properties outweigh the risks. 相似文献
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83.
Britas Klemens Eriksson Christiaan van Sluis Katrin Sieben Lena Kautsky Sonja Råberg 《Marine Biology》2011,158(4):747-756
We tested the relative strength of direct versus indirect effects of an aquatic omnivore depending on the functional composition
of grazers by manipulating the presence of gastropod and amphipod grazers and omnivorous shrimp in outdoor mesocosms. By selectively
preying upon amphipods and reducing their abundance by 70–80%, omnivorous shrimp favoured the dominance of gastropods. While
gastropods were the main microalgal grazers, amphipods controlled macroalgal biomass in the experiment. However, strong predation
on the amphipod by the shrimp had no significant indirect effects on macroalgal biomass, indicating that when amphipod abundances
declined, complementary feeding by the omnivore on macroalgae may have suppressed a trophic cascade. Accordingly, in the absence
of amphipods, the shrimp grazed significantly on green algae and thereby suppressed the diversity of the macroalgal community.
Our experiment demonstrates direct consumer effects by an omnivore on both the grazer and producer trophic levels in an aquatic
food web, regulated by prey availability. 相似文献
84.
Pierre Michel Forget Pedro Jordano Joanna E. Lambert Anna Traveset S. Joseph Wright Katrin Böhning‐Gaese 《Conservation biology》2012,26(6):1072-1081
Animal‐mediated seed dispersal is important for sustaining biological diversity in forest ecosystems, particularly in the tropics. Forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging modify forests in myriad ways and their effects on animal‐mediated seed dispersal have been examined in many case studies. However, the overall effects of different types of human disturbance on animal‐mediated seed dispersal are still unknown. We identified 35 articles that provided 83 comparisons of animal‐mediated seed dispersal between disturbed and undisturbed forests; all comparisons except one were conducted in tropical or subtropical ecosystems. We assessed the effects of forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging on seed dispersal of fleshy‐fruited tree species. We carried out a meta‐analysis to test whether forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging affected 3 components of animal‐mediated seed dispersal: frugivore visitation rate, number of seeds removed, and distance of seed dispersal. Forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging did not affect visitation rate and were marginally associated with a reduction in seed‐dispersal distance. Hunting and selective logging, but not fragmentation, were associated with a large reduction in the number of seeds removed. Fewer seeds of large‐seeded than of small‐seeded tree species were removed in hunted or selectively logged forests. A plausible explanation for the consistently negative effects of hunting and selective logging on large‐seeded plant species is that large frugivores, as the predominant seed dispersers for large‐seeded plant species, are the first animals to be extirpated from hunted or logged forests. The reduction in forest area after fragmentation appeared to have weaker effects on frugivore communities and animal‐mediated seed dispersal than hunting and selective logging. The differential effects of hunting and selective logging on large‐ and small‐seeded tree species underpinned case studies that showed disrupted plant‐frugivore interactions could trigger a homogenization of seed traits in tree communities in hunted or logged tropical forests. Meta Análisis de los Efectos de la Perturbación Humana sobre la Dispersión de Semillas por Animales 相似文献
85.
PD Dr. Rolf Altenburger Dr. Dana Kühnel Martin Bittens Dr. Birgit Daus Dr. Werner Brack Dr. Florian Centler Prof. Dr. Hauke Harms Dr. Martin Thullner Dr. Lukas Y. Wick Prof. Dr. Kai-Uwe Goss Prof. Dr. Frank-Dieter Kopinke Dr. Katrin Mackenzie Dr. Anja Miltner PD Dr. Matthias Liess Dr. Rainer Wennrich Dr. Anne E. Berns PD Dr. Peter Burauel 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2010,22(4):502-506
86.
Katrin Strauss Holger Scharpenberg Robin M. Crewe Felix Glahn Heidi Foth Robin F. A. Moritz 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(9):1523-1531
Queen pheromones interfere with worker reproduction in social insects. However, there is still an unresolved question as to
whether this pheromone acts as an “honest” signal for workers, giving a reliable indication of the queen’s reproductive value,
or as a suppressive agent, inhibiting worker reproduction independent of the queen’s reproductive capacity. In honeybees (Apis mellifera), the queen’s mandibular gland secretion, a mix of fatty acids and some aromatic compounds, is crucial for regulating the
reproductive division of labor in the colony inhibiting ovary development in workers. We quantified the mandibular gland secretions
of virgin, drone-laying, and naturally mated queens using gas chromatography to test whether the queens’ mating, ovary activation,
or the reproductive value for workers correlated with the composition of the secretion. Although the absolute amounts of the
“queen substance” 9-oxo-2(E)-decenoic acid (9-ODA) were similar among the three groups, the proportions of 9-ODA decreased
with increasing reproductive quality. Furthermore, the ratios of queen to worker compounds were similar in all three treatment
groups, irrespective of the reproductive capacity. A multivariate analysis including all six compounds could not separate
drone-laying queens from naturally mated ones, both with active ovaries but only the latter ensuring colony survival. We suggest
that the mandibular gland pheromones are unlikely to function as reliable indicators of queen reproductive value and rather
operate as an agent to suppress worker reproduction. This does not exclude the possibility that other “honest” pheromone signals
exist in the honeybee colony, but these would have to arise from other semiochemicals, which could be produced by both the
queen and the brood. 相似文献
87.
88.
Matthias Koschorreck René Frömmichen Peter Herzsprung Jörg Tittel Katrin Wendt-Potthoff 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(3):97-109
The addition of straw in combination with Carbokalk, a by-product from the sugar-industry, was successfully used to stimulate microbial alkalinity generation in an acidic mining lake. To get detailed information about functions of straw, anenclosure experiment was carried out. Straw bundles were placedat the sediment surface of an acidic mining lake (ML 111) and thephysiochemical conditions and the microbiology of the sediment-water contact zone were studied. Straw was degraded by anaerobic microorganisms and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from straw bundles. Pigmented flagellates responded to the DOC supply in the water column anda considerable amount of algal carbon was transported to the sediment. Straw addition led to microbial reduction of iron andsulfate in the sediment. Sulfate reduction was observed at a pHof 5.5. The pH, however, was not high enough to precipitate H2S completely. Thus, some H2S diffused into the watercolumn, where it was reoxidized. Straw did not create orstabilize an anoxic water body above the sediment. Microbial sulfate reduction and pyrite formation only took place in the sediment,whereas iron reduction also took place in the straw. Straw, however, altered the flow conditions above the sediment surfaceand prevented complete mixing of the profundal water. Straw didnot serve as a substratum for a reactive biofilm. We conclude that the most important function of straw for mining lake remediation is to be a long-term nutrient source for microbialalkalinity generation in the sediment. 相似文献
89.
The drainage basin of the acidic mining lake RL 111 was characterized by hydrogeological and geochemical models to assess its influence on a planned biotechnological remediation of the lake water and lake sediment. Ground, seepage and lake water, as well as the surrounding sediments, were examined to model the hydrodynamic processes and the geochemical developmentof the lake. The geochemical conditions seem to behave in a stable manner (steady state conditions). A reduction of the high sulphate andacid input has not been observed since the beginning of our investigations. The biotechnological remediation of the whole lake should consider a treatment of the dump sediments to improvethe quality of the inflowing groundwater, as well as to reduce erosion. 相似文献
90.